PIC16F873T-04E/SO
PIC16F873T-04E/SO - 8-Bit 4MHz PIC MCU 7KB Flash 28-SOIC | Microchip
The Microchip Technology PIC16F873T-04E/SO is a CMOS Flash-based 8-bit microcontroller from the PIC16F87x family, executing one instruction per 200 ns instruction cycle at 4 MHz oscillator frequency. It integrates 7 KB (4K x 14) of Flash program memory, 192 bytes of RAM, and 128 bytes of EEPROM data memory, packaged in a 28-pin SOIC (SO) wide-body 7.50 mm option and supplied on Tape and Reel. The device is rated for the extended industrial -40C to +125C operating temperature range (the "E" suffix) and operates from a 4.0 V to 5.5 V supply.
An 8-bit microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer containing a CPU, program memory, data memory, peripherals, and I/O on a single silicon die. PIC microcontrollers use a RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses; the PIC16F873 implements 35 single-word instructions and is part of the "Mid-Range" 14-bit instruction core family, sitting between 12-bit baseline PICs and 16-bit enhanced PICs in Microchip's taxonomy. This category of MCU typically targets embedded control loops, sensor interfacing, and human-machine interface tasks where deterministic timing and low power matter more than raw compute.
Key features include 22 digital I/O pins arranged across five ports (RA, RB, RC, RD, RE), five channels of 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC), two analog comparators, a Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) module, an Enhanced CCP module for full-bridge motor control, an MSSP peripheral supporting both SPI and I2C (master/slave), a USART with on-chip baud-rate generator, a 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, two 8-bit timers, a watchdog timer with dedicated on-chip RC oscillator, in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) via two pins, and nanoWatt technology for low-power standby modes. The 8-bit core runs at up to 5 MIPS at 20 MHz, with 200 ns instruction execution enabling deterministic loop times.
The architecture separates program memory (Flash, 14-bit word width) from data memory (RAM, 8-bit byte width), connected through separate buses to enable simultaneous instruction fetch and data access. The 10-bit ADC samples up to 5 input channels with 50 ksps throughput, suitable for slow-sensor reads. The integrated USART, MSSP (SPI/I2C) and CCP peripherals allow direct interfacing to sensors, displays, EEPROM, and other microcontrollers without external glue logic.
Typical applications include industrial process control, sensor node data acquisition, motor control with back-EMF feedback, automotive body electronics (non-safety), HVAC control boards, instrumentation, and white-goods appliance controllers. The 4 MHz speed grade (PIC16F873T-04E) is the slower industrial variant; the 20 MHz speed grade is the PIC16F873T-20E.
When designing with the PIC16F873T-04E/SO, ensure the ICSP programming pins (RB6/RB7) are accessible on the PCB for production programming, place a 100 nF decoupling capacitor close to VDD, and reserve the MCLR/Vpp pin with the recommended 10 kohm pull-up. The 28-SOIC package is the same footprint as the PIC16F873A-I/SO, PIC16F876 and PIC16F873-04/SO, allowing direct substitution within the same PCB design with appropriate firmware verification.
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