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TC3402VQR - 16-Bit Sigma-Delta ADC, 4-Input | Microchip
TC3402VQR

TC3402VQR - 16-Bit Sigma-Delta ADC, 4-Input | Microchip

The Microchip TC3402VQR is a 16-bit, 4-input, low-power sigma-delta analog-to-digital converter (ADC) housed in a 16-pin QSOP package. It operates from a +1.8V supply (with 5.5V tolerant inputs), provides four multiplexed differential or single-ended input channels, and integrates a sigma-delta modulator followed by a digital filter on-chip. An ADC (analog-to-digital converter) is a mixed-signal integrated circuit that quantizes continuous analog voltages into discrete digital codes. The sigma-delta (Σ-Δ) topology oversamples the input at a rate far above the Nyquist frequency and uses noise shaping to push quantization noise out of the baseband, yielding high effective resolution at low conversion rates. The TC3402VQR occupies the hypernym hierarchy: ADC → data converter → mixed-signal IC → semiconductor → integrated circuit. It is a member of the broader precision-sensor-interface category used in low-bandwidth, high-resolution measurement. Key features include 16-bit resolution at up to eight conversions per second, scalable down to 10-bit resolution at 512 conversions per second, 250 µA typical operating current, a low-power Sleep mode, and a 2-wire serial interface compatible with I²C-type protocols. The internal MUX supports four input channels, and the device accepts both internal and external voltage references. Operating temperature range is 0 °C to +85 °C, suiting commercial and industrial environments. Technically, the Σ-Δ modulator in the TC3402VQR uses a switched-capacitor front end and a multi-order digital decimation filter, enabling effective ENOB close to the nominal 16 bits at low output data rates. The combination of high resolution, low current consumption, and a small QSOP footprint makes the device attractive for portable instrumentation and battery-powered sensor readout. Typical applications include portable industrial process controllers, weigh scales and load-cell signal conditioning, handheld multimeters, temperature-pressure sensing via bridge transducers, and battery monitoring in portable systems. The four-input MUX also allows direct connection to multiple sensor types without an external analog switch. Design consideration: bypass VDD with both a 0.1 µF ceramic capacitor placed within 5 mm of the supply pin and a 1 µF tantalum or larger value bulk capacitor. Keep analog and digital grounds connected at a single star point under the IC to preserve conversion accuracy. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in-compatible alternative listings, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet, providing an information gain beyond what distributor product listings typically expose.

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TC58CVG0S3HRAIJ - 1Gbit SPI NAND Flash 133MHz SLC | Kioxia
TC58CVG0S3HRAIJ

TC58CVG0S3HRAIJ - 1Gbit SPI NAND Flash 133MHz SLC | Kioxia

The Kioxia TC58CVG0S3HRAIJ is a 1 Gbit (128 MB) serial-interface SLC NAND flash memory organized as 2048+64 bytes per page x 64 pages x 1024 blocks, housed in a compact 8-pin WSON (6x8 mm) package with 133 MHz SPI clock support. The device is intended for embedded storage, firmware boot, data logging, and consumer/industrial designs where low pin count, predictable SLC endurance, and a 3.3 V supply are required. A Serial Interface NAND Flash memory is a non-volatile storage IC that combines the high density of NAND with the low pin count of a serial peripheral interface (SPI). Compared to parallel NAND, SPI NAND reduces host GPIO usage from 8+ to typically 4-8 signals and removes the need for an external NAND controller, while still offering per-page program and per-block erase granularity. Within the broader taxonomy, SPI NAND belongs to flash memory -> non-volatile memory -> semiconductor memory -> integrated circuit. Key features of the TC58CVG0S3HRAIJ include a 2112-byte internal data buffer for read/program pipelining, 8-bit (x8) data width, a typical page read access of ~180 µs (per the manufacturer datasheet), and an operating supply of 2.7 V to 3.6 V. The part provides standard SPI command set plus optional dual/quad SPI modes and includes built-in ECC management features typical of the Kioxia BenAND/Serial NAND family. The architecture is single-level cell (SLC) NAND, which yields higher endurance (typ. 100k P/E cycles per block), lower bit error rate, and faster page programming than MLC/TLC alternatives. This makes it well suited for write-intensive embedded workloads. The serial interface wraps the standard NAND command protocol over SPI, so the device still exposes page, block, and OTP organization familiar to embedded firmware engineers. Typical applications include IoT edge devices, set-top box and home gateway boot/log partitions, industrial HMI and PLC data logging, USB keys and wearables, and point-of-sale terminals. Wide VIN tolerance also supports 3.3 V-only industrial buses without level translation. For firmware engineers migrating from parallel NAND, the SPI command set is functionally compatible at the page/block level but uses fewer host pins. When designing with this device, place 0.1 µF + bulk decoupling close to VCC, follow the datasheet's power-up sequencing (CS# high before VCC ramp), and allocate a contiguous address map for boot sectors. Verify the SPI mode (CPOL/CPHA) and HOLD#/WP# behavior against the host MCU's SPI controller before final layout. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives from Kioxia's own product family, and practical design notes not always visible in the manufacturer datasheet.

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TC58CYG2S0HRAIJ - 4Gbit SLC NAND Flash SPI | Kioxia
TC58CYG2S0HRAIJ

TC58CYG2S0HRAIJ - 4Gbit SLC NAND Flash SPI | Kioxia

The Kioxia TC58CYG2S0HRAIJ is a 4 Gbit (512 MByte) single-level cell (SLC) NAND flash memory IC organized as 4096 pages of 4224 bytes per page, housed in a compact 8-pin WSON (6 mm x 8 mm) package with an exposed thermal pad for improved board-level thermal performance. The device implements a serial peripheral interface (SPI) with a maximum clock frequency of 133 MHz, supports standard SPI, Dual SPI, and Quad SPI modes for high-throughput data transfer, and operates from a single 1.8 V VCC supply. Typical page read latency is 300 microseconds, and the IC integrates an internal ECC engine that operates on 128-byte redundancy segments to deliver high data integrity for boot, code-storage, and data-logging applications. What is SLC NAND Flash: SLC NAND (Single-Level Cell NAND) is a non-volatile memory technology that stores one bit per cell, providing the highest endurance (typically 100,000 program/erase cycles per block) and the lowest bit error rate among NAND variants such as MLC, TLC, and QLC. Serial-interface NAND devices expose the same raw memory array as legacy parallel NAND but use a small pin count (typically an SPI bus of four to six signals), which simplifies PCB layout, reduces package size, and allows direct connection to microcontrollers that lack a dedicated parallel NAND controller. SLC NAND therefore bridges the gap between small-density NOR flash (excellent for code execution but expensive at gigabit densities) and high-density MLC/TLC NAND (cost-effective but with lower endurance and higher error rates). Key features of the TC58CYG2S0HRAIJ include the integrated ECC engine, an internal data buffer of 4096 bytes plus 128 bytes per page, support for standard, dual, and quad SPI modes, and a 1.8 V single-supply operating voltage that suits modern low-power MCUs and battery-powered IoT designs. The device reports status through status register bits and a HOLD#/RESET# pin for graceful reset, simplifying firmware recovery from command errors. Typical applications include firmware storage for industrial IoT sensors, boot code/data storage for low-cost ARM Cortex-M0/M4 systems, data logging in metering equipment, configuration shadow storage for connected field devices, and removable/remapped SPI storage that replaces parallel NAND or small-density NOR. The combination of SPI interface, generous 4 Gbit density, SLC endurance, and on-die ECC makes this device attractive where reliability and deterministic reads are more important than the lowest dollar-per-bit metric. When designing with this device, place a 0.1 microfarad decoupling capacitor close to the VCC pin and observe the maximum SCK frequency rating of 133 MHz in Quad SPI mode; running the bus at peak rate requires careful signal-integrity management to avoid setup/hold violations on the SO and HOLD# lines.

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TC58TEG5DCKTA00 - 32Gb Toggle DDR1 MLC NAND Flash | Toshiba
TC58TEG5DCKTA00

TC58TEG5DCKTA00 - 32Gb Toggle DDR1 MLC NAND Flash | Toshiba

The Toshiba TC58TEG5DCKTA00 is a 32 Gbit (4 G x 8) Toggle DDR1.0 MLC NAND flash memory device housed in a 48-pin TSOP package. According to the Toshiba datasheet family for the TC58TEG5 series, the device offers a synchronous high-speed Toggle DDR interface, an organization of 4096 blocks (each 256 Kbytes plus 128 bytes of spare area), and operates from a 3.3 V VCC supply with a 1.8 V VCCQ host interface. The KTA00 speed-grade designation corresponds to Toshiba's standard Toggle DDR1.0 timing mode used in mainstream eMMC alternatives and managed-NAND raw configurations. NAND flash memory is a non-volatile storage technology that retains data without power. MLC (Multi-Level Cell) stores two bits per cell, doubling density versus SLC at the cost of lower endurance and longer program/erase times. Toggle DDR1.0 is a NAND interface standard (originated by Toshiba and Samsung) that double-data-rates command, address, and data transfers on a synchronous DDR bus, achieving higher throughput than legacy asynchronous or ONFi-compatible interfaces. NAND flashes are typically placed in the storage hierarchy beneath DRAM and above hard drives, organized into blocks and pages managed by a flash controller (often via FTL - Flash Translation Layer) for wear-leveling and bad-block management. Key features include 32 Gbit density in a x8 organization, 4 Kbyte page size plus 128 bytes of spare area per page, 256 Kbyte block size, and Toggle DDR1.0 high-speed interface. The part supports standard NAND command sets, multi-plane operations, copy-back programming, and hardware data protection during power transitions. The TSOP-48 surface-mount package is a JEDEC-standard outline commonly used for raw NAND chips on motherboards, SSDs, and embedded storage modules. Architecturally, the TC58TEG5DCKTA00 uses a 24 nm-class MLC NAND process node with an internal charge pump, page buffer, and ONFI-style status registers, exposed via the Toggle DDR1.0 physical layer. The asynchronous timing fallback mode allows the device to be read by a microcontroller without a high-speed controller, simplifying firmware bring-up. Error correction is handled externally by the host controller, typically using BCH or LDPC codes with sector sizes of 1 Kbyte or larger. Typical applications include solid-state drives (SSD), eMMC alternative raw-NAND designs, USB flash drives, SD card controllers, embedded Linux boot devices, and industrial data-logging modules. The Toggle DDR1.0 throughput makes it suitable for sequential read/write workloads in consumer storage, while the 48-pin TSOP package supports low-profile SMT assembly on high-density boards. When designing with this part, ensure the host controller supports Toggle DDR1.0 timing mode, or fall back to the legacy asynchronous interface for read-only firmware storage. ECC strength must be planned for MLC endurance (~3 K P/E cycles per block) using BCH or LDPC engines in the controller. Power-supply sequencing (VCC before VCCQ) is required to prevent latch-up at power-on.

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TC7109CLW713 - 12-Bit Plus Sign Dual-Slope ADC, 44-PLCC | Microchip
TC7109CLW713

TC7109CLW713 - 12-Bit Plus Sign Dual-Slope ADC, 44-PLCC | Microchip

The Microchip TC7109CLW713 is a 12-bit plus sign, CMOS low-power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with handshake mode, housed in a 44-pin PLCC (J-lead) package measuring 16.59 mm x 16.59 mm. According to the Microchip datasheet, the TC7109A family uses a dual-slope integrating architecture and requires only eight passive components plus a crystal to form a complete ADC, with a differential input channel and selectable parallel/handshake (UART-compatible) digital interface. Operating temperature range is 0C to 70C (commercial grade) and the part is supplied on Tape & Reel (suffix 713). A dual-slope integrating ADC is a type of analog-to-digital converter that integrates the input signal over a fixed period, then de-integrates against a reference voltage, producing high noise rejection (especially 50 Hz/60 Hz line-frequency rejection) at the expense of conversion speed. The TC7109 sits in the broader hierarchy: ADC -> data converter -> mixed-signal IC -> semiconductor. Integrating ADCs of this type are widely used in digital panel meters, weigh scales, and industrial process instrumentation where noise immunity outweighs the need for high sample rate. Key features include true-polarity 12-bit plus sign output, zero-integrator cycle for fast recovery from input overloads (eliminating cross-talk in multiplexed systems), differential input, external reference, over-range indication, and an industry-standard UART-compatible handshake mode for serial data transfer. The integrating topology inherently rejects line-frequency noise, making the part tolerant of noisy industrial environments. Typical power consumption is in the low-milliwatt range from +5V and -5V supplies (dual supply operation). Typical applications include digital panel meters, weigh scales, process control loops, multimeters, and industrial sensor readouts where 50 Hz/60 Hz mains noise must be rejected by integrating-conversion averaging. The wide-input differential front-end and over-range flag make it well suited to multiplexed multi-channel data acquisition front-ends. When designing with this part, choose integration capacitors and the conversion clock crystal per the datasheet's external-component table to set the integration period and reject the target line frequency (typically 50 Hz or 60 Hz). Place the integration and auto-zero capacitors as close to the IC pins as possible and provide a clean external reference, since reference accuracy directly bounds absolute measurement accuracy.

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TC7109IJL - 12-bit + Sign Dual-Slope ADC | Microchip | 40-CERDIP
TC7109IJL

TC7109IJL - 12-bit + Sign Dual-Slope ADC | Microchip | 40-CERDIP

The Microchip Technology TC7109IJL is a 12-bit plus sign CMOS low-power integrating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) housed in a 40-pin CERDIP package (0.600 inch, 15.24 mm body width). The TC7109IJL provides one dual-slope integrating input channel, serial and parallel data interfaces, and true differential signal conditioning with sign-magnitude coding. Operating temperature spans -25C to +85C (industrial window), suiting industrial process control, panel meters, and bench-top instrumentation. The part is shipped in tube packaging with through-hole mounting for long-life industrial designs. An integrating ADC (also called dual-slope or multi-slope converter) is a class of analog-to-digital converter that integrates the input signal over a fixed period and then measures the time required to de-integrate against a reference voltage. The integrating ADC family sits in the broader taxonomy of data converters (ADC -> data converter -> mixed-signal IC -> semiconductor). Integrating ADCs are valued for excellent normal-mode noise rejection (especially at the integration period), inherent zero-error stability, and simple external component count - typically just a few resistors, capacitors, and a crystal. Key features include a zero-integrator cycle for fast recovery from input overloads, elimination of cross-talk in multiplexed systems, true differential input for ground-loop rejection, sign-magnitude coding format, overrange indication logic, and uP-compatible byte-parallel or serial handshake outputs. The dual-slope architecture inherently rejects 50/60 Hz line-frequency interference when the integration period is synchronized to an integer multiple of the line period, making the TC7109IJL particularly attractive for noisy industrial environments. Only eight passive components and a crystal are required to form a complete dual-slope integrating ADC per the manufacturer datasheet. Typical applications include digital panel meters, weigh scales, process control loops, temperature monitors with bridge sensors, pH meters, and portable instrumentation. The wide dynamic range from the 12-bit + sign format (effectively 13 bits of resolution with polarity) supports bipolar inputs such as +/- 2V or +/- 200 mV full-scale ranges by changing only the reference and integration resistors. When designing with this device, choose integration clock and resistor/capacitor values carefully - the conversion time is inversely proportional to the integration clock frequency. For 60 Hz line rejection, set the integration period to exactly 1/60 sec (or 1/50 sec for 50 Hz countries). Use a low-temperature-coefficient reference for absolute accuracy. Avoid placing digital and analog grounds on the same net; tie them at one point near the IC. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, cross-reference data, and design considerations not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.

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TC7S66FU - 5-Pin SPST Analog Switch | Toshiba
TC7S66FU

TC7S66FU - 5-Pin SPST Analog Switch | Toshiba

The Toshiba TC7S66FU is a single-pole single-throw (SPST) bilateral analog switch in a 5-pin SOT-353 (USV) package, fabricated in Toshiba's L-MOS (Low-power MOS) high-speed process. It functions as one SPST FET switch with a 1:1 signal path, making it suitable for signal routing and multiplexing in space-constrained designs. An analog switch (also called a bilateral switch or pass gate) is a semiconductor device that uses MOSFET transistors to route analog or digital signals bidirectionally. Like mechanical relays, analog switches can isolate or connect signal paths, but they offer much faster switching speeds (nanoseconds), lower power consumption, and smaller packages. Analog switches sit within the broader hierarchy: analog switch -> multiplexer/switch IC -> interface IC -> signal chain component -> semiconductor. The bilateral nature means either terminal can act as input or output. Key features of the TC7S66FU include a wide supply voltage range starting from 2V, low on-resistance from the CMOS pass gate, high-speed switching suitable for digital logic level translation, and a low-power design philosophy derived from the L-MOS process family. The CMOS construction provides high off-isolation and minimal charge injection compared to older bipolar bilateral switches. Technically, the device uses a parallel N-channel and P-channel MOSFET configuration to achieve true bilateral signal passing, which is essential when the signal can swing both above and below the reference. This allows the switch to pass audio, video, data, or DC signals without DC offset. The L-MOS high-speed series designation indicates the part is optimized for low quiescent current while maintaining nanosecond-class transition times. Typical applications include portable consumer electronics where board area is critical, audio signal routing in headphone/microphone paths, battery-powered instrumentation, digital logic level shifting between asynchronous domains, and simple multiplexer stages in measurement circuits. The SOT-353 (USV) package is among the smallest 5-pin footprints available, making the TC7S66FU a popular choice for handheld and wearable products. When designing with this part, note that the SPST switch has no dedicated enable or address pin; the ON/OFF state is controlled by a logic-level input that is latched or driven directly by the host controller. Ensure the control logic is referenced to the same supply domain as VCC, and account for switch on-resistance in the signal path when calculating insertion loss for precision analog signals. This page synthesizes distributor pricing from DigiKey and Mouser, drop-in alternatives from the same Toshiba L-MOS family, and practical design guidance that complements the manufacturer datasheet.

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TC850ILW713 - 15-Bit Plus Sign Dual-Slope ADC | Microchip
TC850ILW713

TC850ILW713 - 15-Bit Plus Sign Dual-Slope ADC | Microchip

The Microchip Technology TC850ILW713 is a 15-bit resolution plus sign bit (16-bit total conversion width) integrating analog-to-digital converter (ADC) that performs up to 40 conversions per second using a dual-slope conversion technique. Housed in a 44-pin PLCC (Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier) J-lead package, the device integrates a single differential analog input channel and a parallel digital data interface, all designed for panel-meter, transducer, and precision DC measurement applications. Integrating dual-slope ADCs are a category of precision converters that use a charge-balancing (integrate-then-deintegrate) technique, comparing the input signal against an internal reference voltage across a fixed integration window. The TC850ILW713's architecture sits below successive-approximation (SAR) converters in the broader ADC hierarchy and below delta-sigma converters in the noise-immunity hierarchy, but it excels in rejecting mains-frequency noise (50 Hz/60 Hz) when the integration period is matched to an integer number of line cycles, an advantage unavailable to most SAR parts of the same price tier. Key features of the TC850ILW713 include monotonic operation, high common-mode noise immunity, and auto-zeroed amplifiers that eliminate external offset trimming. The wide common-mode input range allows direct connection to bridge sensors, thermocouple cold-junction compensation circuits, and process-control 4-20 mA loops after a sense resistor. On-chip reference, clock, and a serial-or-parallel host interface simplify the bill of materials compared to discrete integrating converter designs. Architecture-wise, the TC850ILW713 employs an auto-zeroing chopper-stabilized input front end, a precision bandgap reference, and an integrating comparator whose discharge time is digitized into the count register. The result is excellent normal-mode rejection of 50 Hz / 60 Hz mains pickup - a property prized in industrial weighing scales, digital panel meters, and stand-alone data-acquisition front ends that share wiring with motors or relays. Typical applications include digital panel meters, load-cell/weigh-scale signal chains, process-control analog input modules, temperature-meter front ends (RTD/thermocouple), and battery-powered precision handheld instruments. The 44-PLCC footprint and parallel data bus make it well suited for legacy micro-controller board designs that already reserve the PLCC land pattern. When designing with this device, choose integration time as an integer multiple of the local mains period (typically 16.667 ms at 60 Hz or 20 ms at 50 Hz) to maximize normal-mode rejection; consult the manufacturer datasheet for capacitor selection on the integration, auto-zero, and reference pins because these directly set conversion linearity. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives in the same 44-PLCC footprint, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.

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TCA39306DCURQ1 - Dual I2C/I3C Level Translator 12.5MHz | TI
TCA39306DCURQ1

TCA39306DCURQ1 - Dual I2C/I3C Level Translator 12.5MHz | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA39306DCURQ1 is an automotive-qualified dual bidirectional voltage-level translator compatible with I2C, SMBus, and I3C buses, featuring an enable (EN) input and packaged in an 8-pin VSSOP (DCU) surface-mount package. It supports VREF1 from 0.9V to 3.3V and VREF2 from 1.8V to 5.5V, enabling bidirectional voltage translation between 0.85V and 5V rails without a direction pin, with a maximum data rate of 12.5MHz. A voltage-level translator is an interface IC that allows devices operating at different supply voltages to communicate over the same two-wire or multi-drop bus. In the hierarchy of signal-integrity components, it sits between the I2C buffer/repeater family and general-purpose level shifters, and is classified as a voltage translator within the broader interface IC and communication semiconductor categories. Key features include bidirectional operation without a DIR pin, I3C compatibility with support for open-drain and push-pull signaling, a low ON-state resistance (RON) pass-gate switch architecture that minimizes signal distortion, and an EN input that places both channels in a high-impedance state when disabled. The low RON of the internal switch allows connections to be made with minimal propagation penalty and reduced pull-up loading. Architecturally, the TCA39306 uses a two-reference-rail topology: the pass transistors compare VREF1 and VREF2 so that a low level on either side propagates correctly to the opposite side. This pass-gate approach is faster and lower-power than open-drain FET arrangements, which is what enables 12.5MHz (Fast-mode Plus and I3C-class) operation. Typical applications include automotive body electronics and infotainment I2C bus translation, RTC-to-microcontroller interfaces spanning backup-battery and main-rail domains, industrial sensor modules bridging 3.3V MCUs to 5V peripherals, and I3C sensor hubs. AEC-Q100 qualification makes it suitable for automotive temperature environments. Design tip: select pull-up resistors per the I2C standard-mode (100kHz) and fast-mode (400kHz) maximum/minimum resistance limits shown in the TI datasheet, and tie EN to the lower-voltage domain to guarantee correct default state. This page adds value beyond the datasheet by compiling distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, comparison tables, and practical design notes in one place.

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TCA39306DDFR - Dual I2C/I3C Bidirectional Level Translator | TI
TCA39306DDFR

TCA39306DDFR - Dual I2C/I3C Bidirectional Level Translator | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA39306DDFR is a 2-bit dual bidirectional voltage-level translator compatible with I2C, SMBus, and I3C (up to 12.5 MHz), operating from a 0.9 V to 3.3 V VREF1 rail and a 1.8 V to 5.5 V VREF2 rail, housed in an 8-pin TSOT-23-8 (DDF) surface-mount package. A voltage-level translator (also called a logic level shifter or voltage translator) is an integrated circuit that allows digital signals referenced to one supply domain to drive inputs in a different supply domain. Within the system hierarchy, level translators sit in the logic and interface IC family, bridging mismatched voltage domains between microcontrollers, sensors, and peripherals. Bidirectional translators such as the TCA39306 are essential for open-drain buses like I2C, where the same two wires (SDA and SCL) carry traffic in both directions. Key features include automatic bidirectional translation without a direction pin, support for Standard-mode (100 kbps), Fast-mode (400 kbps), and Fast-mode Plus (1 Mbps) I2C, plus I3C compatibility at 12.5 MHz, and an enable (EN) input for bus isolation. The low ON-state resistance (RON) of the internal pass-gate switches minimizes signal degradation and bus loading. Technically, the TCA39306 implements the reference-voltage biased switch architecture: VREF1 biases one side of the pass gate and VREF2 the other, so the open-drain pull-up levels define the translated logic levels. This pass-switch topology draws negligible static current and preserves I3C push-pull signaling on the SDA line, which open-drain-only solutions cannot support. Typical applications include mixed-voltage I2C bus segments (for example, a 1.8 V sensor side talking to a 3.3 V or 5 V controller side), SMBus systems in servers and power supplies, and emerging I3C peripherals in mobile and IoT designs. The tiny TSOT-23-8 footprint suits space-constrained board layouts. Design consideration: choose pull-up resistors on both sides appropriately - lower-value pull-ups (for example 1 kOhm to 4.7 kOhm) are needed for Fast-mode Plus and I3C rise-time compliance, while the EN pin can be driven to isolate the bus during reset sequences. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternative analysis, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.

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TCA39306DTMR - Dual I2C/SMBus/I3C Bidirectional Level Translator | TI
TCA39306DTMR

TCA39306DTMR - Dual I2C/SMBus/I3C Bidirectional Level Translator | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA39306DTMR is a dual (2-bit) bidirectional voltage-level translator for SDA and SCL lines in mixed-voltage I2C, SMBus, and I3C applications, supporting VREF1 from 0.9V to 3.3V, VREF2 from 1.8V to 5.5V, and translations between 0.85V and 5V, housed in an 8-pin X2SON (1.35mm x 0.8mm) package with tape-and-reel delivery. A voltage-level translator is a logic-family interface IC that bridges digital signals between circuits operating at different supply rails, a member of the broader voltage-translation and logic-translation hierarchy within standard logic ICs. For open-drain buses such as I2C and SMBus, a bidirectional translator is required because data flows both ways on the same line without a direction-control pin; the TCA39306 solves this by using pass-gate switches with integrated pull-up references tied to each side's reference voltage. Key features include standard-mode (100 kbps), fast-mode (400 kbps), and fast-mode-plus (1 Mbps) I2C compatibility, I3C compatibility up to 12.5 MHz, an enable (EN) input for power sequencing and bus isolation, and very low ON-state resistance (RON) of the internal switches, which minimizes signal attenuation and allows external pull-up resistors to remain small. Because there is no direction pin, both channels (SDA and SCL) translate automatically as the bus arbitrates. Technically, the device uses two NMOS pass transistors per channel: when B-side is high, the switch conducts and the A-side tracks it; when A-side is pulled low, the switch passes the low level through. The EN pin must be driven to VREF1 for normal operation and can be grounded to place the bus in high-impedance, useful for hot-swapping and multi-master isolation. Typical applications include mixed-voltage MCU-to-sensor I2C links, server and industrial automation bus translation, and consumer electronics peripheral interfaces where a 1.8V controller must talk to a 3.3V or 5V peripheral. Design consideration: choose pull-up resistors for both rails carefully; smaller pull-ups speed rising edges but increase sink current through the internal switch, so follow the TI TCA39306 EVM User's Guide (SCPU045) guidance on load capacitance and pull-up selection. This page synthesizes distributor pricing context, drop-in alternative analysis, and practical design notes that go beyond the manufacturer datasheet.

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TCA4311D - 2.7-5.5V Hot-Swappable I2C Buffer | TI
TCA4311D

TCA4311D - 2.7-5.5V Hot-Swappable I2C Buffer | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA4311D is a 2-bit bidirectional, hot-swappable I2C/SMBus bus buffer operating from 2.7 V to 5.5 V at up to 400 kHz, and it is packaged in an 8-pin SOIC. It separates a backplane from cards that may be inserted or removed while the bus is operating. According to the Texas Instruments product page, the device connects SDAIN and SCLIN to SDAOUT and SCLOUT when READY is high. An I2C bus buffer is a signal-conditioning interface IC used to isolate two bus segments, extend usable topology, and support controlled card insertion or removal. In the device hierarchy, this function belongs to interface ICs and specifically to bidirectional bus buffers, repeaters, and accelerators. The TCA4311D supports both I2C and SMBus-style two-wire systems, where data and clock lines require buffering rather than unidirectional level translation. Verified headline features include a 2.7 V to 5.5 V operating range, 400 kHz operation, bidirectional signal paths, hot-swappable bus isolation, an enable control, and an open-drain READY output. The READY output indicates that the backplane and card sides are connected together. When EN is high, normal operation resumes; setting EN low places the device into shutdown mode while the I2C bus is idle. The I2C specification cited by Texas Instruments permits up to 400 pF maximum bus capacitance, which can constrain practical bus length. The SMBus specification does not impose that capacitance restriction, although connected-device impedances still limit how quickly the system can meet rise-time and fall-time requirements. Designers should therefore evaluate board capacitance, wiring, pull-ups, and connected-device loading rather than treating buffer insertion as a universal cure for bus-loading problems. Typical uses include server and desktop backplanes, plug-in acquisition modules, industrial control cards, communications equipment, and embedded systems where a card connects to an always-powered bus. The buffer is placed between the backplane pins and card-side pins, preserving independent local behavior on each side. System designers should verify idle-bus shutdown sequencing and interpret READY correctly before enabling the card interface. PCB layout should keep SDA and SCL routing compact, preserve the intended pull-up arrangement on each bus side, and provide the decoupling and grounding required by the manufacturer datasheet. Because the verified material does not expose complete electrical timing, current, capacitance, and pin-level limits in the supplied text, those values remain marked for data completion rather than being inferred. This page combines verified manufacturer and distributor information with design guidance, replacement analysis, and practical procurement context. It also distinguishes true pin-compatible alternatives from packaging-only orderable variants, helping engineers make evidence-based interface decisions.

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TCA6416ARTWR - 16-Bit I2C I/O Expander with Voltage Translation | TI
TCA6416ARTWR

TCA6416ARTWR - 16-Bit I2C I/O Expander with Voltage Translation | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA6416ARTWR is a 16-bit translating I2C/SMBus I/O expander with 1.65V to 5.5V operation, 400 kHz Fast Mode I2C support, voltage translation between host and port banks, and an open-drain interrupt output, housed in a 24-pin WQFN (RTW) 4x4 mm package with exposed thermal pad. An I/O expander is a category of bus-interface IC that uses a serial protocol (typically I2C or SPI) to add parallel general-purpose input/output pins to a host microcontroller whose native GPIO count is insufficient. Architecturally the TCA6416ARTWR sits beneath the "I2C peripheral" hierarchy: it is a slave I2C device that decodes SCL/SDA traffic, drives 16 quasi-bidirectional I/O ports, and exposes a polarity-inversion register, configuration register, input/output register, and a maskable interrupt. Voltage translation allows a 1.8V host MCU to switch 5V external loads without level-shifters, which is essential when interfacing legacy industrial or LED-driver peripherals. Key features include 16 individually configurable I/O bits, hardware-address pins (A0/A1/A2) for up to 8 devices on one bus (128 total ports), an active-low RESET input, an open-drain INT output that signals input-state changes, and 5V tolerant I/O ports with 25 mA sink capability per pin. The WQFN-24 (RTW) 4x4 mm package offers a low 0.8 mm height, suitable for space-constrained handheld and embedded designs. The TCA6416ARTWR implements a write-then-read protocol where the host writes a command byte to select the target register (Input, Output, Polarity Inversion, or Configuration), then reads or writes the corresponding data byte. The interrupt is cleared by reading the input port register, giving firmware a clean edge-triggered event model. Internal pull-up current sources on each port line enable direct connection to switches or buttons without external resistors. Typical applications include expanding GPIO on portable consumer electronics, industrial control panels, IoT sensor hubs, white-goods HMI boards, and any design where a low-pin-count MCU (e.g., a 32-pin Cortex-M0) needs additional buttons, LEDs, or relay drivers. It is frequently paired with low-pin-count MCUs to keep BOM cost down. When designing with this device, place 0.1 uF decoupling capacitors close to VCCI and VCCP supply pins, keep the I2C SCL/SDA traces short, and ensure pull-up resistors (typically 4.7 kohm at 400 kHz) are sized against bus capacitance. The RESET pin should be tied to VCCI through a 10 kohm resistor unless driven by the host. This page synthesizes verified distributor stock, drop-in pin-compatible alternatives, and practical design notes not consolidated in the manufacturer datasheet, helping engineers shorten component selection time and avoid sourcing risk for production builds.

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TCA6424ARGJR - 24-bit I2C/SMBus I/O Expander | Texas Instruments
TCA6424ARGJR

TCA6424ARGJR - 24-bit I2C/SMBus I/O Expander | Texas Instruments

The Texas Instruments TCA6424ARGJR is a 24-bit I2C/SMBus I/O expander housed in a 32-pin UQFN (RGJ) 5x5 mm package with an exposed thermal pad. The device operates from a 1.65 V to 5.5 V supply on the I2C/SMBus side (VCCI) and supports 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V and 5 V tolerant I/O banks on the P-port side (VCCP). It communicates through the standard I2C interface up to 400 kHz and provides 24 general-purpose bidirectional I/O lines organized as three 8-bit ports (P0, P1, P2). An I/O expander is a category of interface IC that adds extra general-purpose digital input/output lines to a microcontroller or processor that has run out of native GPIOs. In the broader taxonomy, the TCA6424ARGJR sits at: I/O expander -> peripheral expander -> interface IC -> integrated circuit. The device addresses a fundamental I/O shortage problem in compact, GPIO-constrained designs such as mobile phones, wearables, and low-cost MCUs without resorting to a more expensive processor. Key features include an open-drain interrupt output (INT) that asserts whenever any input state differs from the corresponding Input Port register, a hardware RESET pin that re-initializes all registers without removing power, and configurable register banks that allow simultaneous access without locking. The device supports standard (100 kHz) and fast (400 kHz) I2C modes and provides three hardware address pins (A0, A1, A2), allowing up to eight devices on the same I2C bus for a total of 192 I/O lines. Typical applications include adding keypad scanning, LED indicators, push-button monitoring, and GPIO expansion in cell phones, media players, industrial HMI panels, gaming consoles, and infotainment systems. The wide voltage tolerance (1.65 V to 5.5 V) makes it particularly useful when bridging a 1.8 V SoC to legacy 5 V peripherals. When designing with this part, ensure the VCCI supply is present whenever the device is communicating; the P-port voltage (VCCP) may be lower than VCCI. Place 0.1 uF decoupling capacitors close to both VCCI and VCCP pins. If multiple TCA6424A devices share the bus, assign unique A0/A1/A2 addresses and pull the INT outputs together or read each individually to avoid contention. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone. The UQFN-32 (RGJ) package footprint, configurable register banks, and RESET pin distinguish the TCA6424ARGJR from lower-cost expanders such as the TCA6408A or PCF8575.

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TCA9406DCTR - 2-Bit Bidirectional I2C/SMBus Level Translator | TI
TCA9406DCTR

TCA9406DCTR - 2-Bit Bidirectional I2C/SMBus Level Translator | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA9406DCTR is a 2-bit bidirectional I2C bus and SMBus voltage-level translator with an output enable (OE) input, operational from 1.65 V to 3.6 V on the A-side (VCCA) and 2.3 V to 5.5 V on the B-side (VCCB), housed in an 8-pin SM8/SSOP surface-mount package with 8 kV HBM ESD protection. A voltage-level translator is an interface IC that bridges digital signal domains operating at different supply rails, allowing a microcontroller running at 1.8 V or 3.3 V to safely communicate with peripheral devices on a 5 V bus. Within the signal-chain hierarchy, level translators sit between logic ICs and physical bus lines and are essential members of the I2C/SMBus interface family, where open-drain bidirectional lines cannot be shifted with simple resistor dividers. Key differentiating specifications include true bidirectional operation without a direction pin, support for the 1-MHz Fast-mode Plus I2C class of operation with data rates up to 24 Mbps in general-purpose push-pull use, and 8 kV human-body-model ESD robustness on the bus pins. The dedicated OE input lets the system place both channels in the high-impedance state during power sequencing or bus reconfiguration, preventing bus contention and back-powering through partial-rail conditions. Architecturally, the TCA9406 integrates an internal boost/reference generator on the B side so that only two supply pins (VCCA and VCCB) and a minimal external component count are required - no external pull-up resistors to a reference rail are needed, unlike pass-gate translators such as the TI PCA9306. This integrated drive makes rise and fall times far less dependent on bus loading, which matters when the bus runs at 400 kHz or 1 MHz with cable or connector capacitance. Typical applications include I2C sensor interfacing in battery-powered products, SMBus communication between 3.3 V management controllers and 5 V power-supply modules, and level shifting between low-voltage MCUs and 5 V EEPROMs or RTCs. It fits anywhere a 1.8 V, 2.5 V, or 3.3 V host must drive a 5 V peripheral bus reliably. A key design consideration: the OE pin should be driven by a supply-rail supervisor or held low until both VCCA and VCCB are stable, since enabling the translator before the higher rail is up can momentarily clamp the bus. This page synthesizes distributor pricing and stock, drop-in alternative analysis against the NXP PCA9306, pinout data, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.

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TCA9517DGKR - I2C Bus Repeater Level Translator | TI
TCA9517DGKR

TCA9517DGKR - I2C Bus Repeater Level Translator | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA9517DGKR is a 2-channel, bidirectional level-translating I2C bus repeater and buffer supporting 400 kHz (Fast-mode) I2C and SMBus operation, with A-side supply from 0.9 V to 5.5 V and B-side supply from 2.7 V to 5.5 V, housed in an 8-pin VSSOP (DGK) package. A level-translating I2C bus buffer is an interface IC that sits between two segments of an I2C or SMBus, electrically isolating the bus capacitance and logic levels on each side. In the interface IC hierarchy, it belongs to the signal buffer/repeater family of level translators, which sit above simple transistors and below full protocol bridges. By segmenting the bus, the repeater allows longer buses and more devices than the I2C standard capacitance limit would otherwise permit. Key features include support for both standard-mode (100 kHz) and fast-mode (400 kHz) I2C signaling, an enable (EN) pin for bus isolation and power sequencing, and powered-off high-impedance I2C pins that effectively remove the device from the bus when either supply is absent. The TCA9517 also incorporates an acceleration feature that speeds up the rising edge of SDA and SCL on the B side. Architecturally, the TCA9517 uses two distinct driver types. The A-side drivers operate from 0.9 V to 5.5 V and drive more current without requiring the buffered-low static offset voltage, so a low on the B side translates to a nearly 0 V hard low on the A side. This accommodates the smaller voltage swings of lower-voltage logic such as 1.2 V or 1.8 V I2C peripherals. The B side retains the static voltage offset needed for hot-swapping and rise-time acceleration. Typical applications include I2C bus expansion in industrial automation, server and telecom backplane management (SMBus), and level translation between 1.8 V microcontrollers and 3.3 V sensors or EEPROMs. Design consideration: the A-side output can sink more current than a plain MOSFET translator, so pay attention to total bus capacitance per segment; keep pull-up resistor values sized per segment rather than one pair for the whole bus. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, verified drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.

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TCA9517DGKRQ1 - Automotive I2C Level-Shifting Buffer | TI
TCA9517DGKRQ1

TCA9517DGKRQ1 - Automotive I2C Level-Shifting Buffer | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA9517DGKRQ1 is an automotive-grade, 2-bit level-translating I2C/SMBus buffer/repeater operating at up to 400 kHz, housed in an 8-pin VSSOP (DGK) package and qualified to AEC-Q100 for -40C to +125C operation. An I2C bus buffer, also called a level translator or bus repeater, is an interface IC that sits between two segments of an I2C or SMBus serial bus. Its role in the interface IC hierarchy is to isolate bus capacitance, allowing longer or more heavily loaded buses, and to translate logic voltage levels between devices powered from different supply rails, such as a 1.8V microcontroller talking to 5V peripherals. Key features include bidirectional voltage-level translation between low voltages down to 0.9 V on side A and 2.7 V to 5.25 V on side B, support for both standard-mode (100 kHz) and fast-mode (400 kHz) I2C plus SMBus, and a powered-off high-impedance state that isolates both bus segments when either supply rail is absent. The enable (EN) pin provides additional bus control, and open-drain I/O structures preserve the wired-AND nature of I2C. Technically, the TCA9517-Q1 drives both sides of the bus, refreshing rise times and removing the cumulative load of stubs and cables. Unlike passive FET level shifters, it does not trade drive strength for level translation, so clock stretching and multi-master arbitration are preserved. It supports up-translation, down-translation, and same-level buffering. Typical applications include automotive body electronics and infotainment I2C bus extension, PMBus/SMBus power-supply management in industrial systems, and level translation between 1.8V or 3.3V MCUs and 5V sensors or EEPROMs. Design consideration: because the device drives each side actively, do not connect the A and B sides to the same bus segment, and keep EN tied low until both supply rails are stable to avoid bus latch-up during power sequencing. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, pinout data, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone. Pricing shown as of 2026-10-19.

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TCA9517DR - Level-Shifting I2C Bus Repeater | Texas Instruments
TCA9517DR

TCA9517DR - Level-Shifting I2C Bus Repeater | Texas Instruments

The Texas Instruments TCA9517DR is a 2-bit level-translating I2C/SMBus bus buffer supporting 400 kHz Fast Mode operation, with an A-side supply range of 0.9 V to 5.5 V and a B-side supply range of 3.0 V to 5.5 V, housed in an 8-pin SOIC (D) package. An I2C bus buffer (also called a bus repeater or level translator) is an interface IC that sits between two segments of an I2C or SMBus serial bus. Its role in the interface IC hierarchy is to electrically isolate the two segments while translating signal levels between devices powered at different voltages, allowing low-voltage microcontrollers to communicate safely with higher-voltage peripherals. A buffer also isolates bus capacitance, so each side can drive longer traces or more devices than a single unbuffered bus would allow. Key features include fully bidirectional level translation with no direction-control pin, a low-level input on the A-side set at 0.3 x VCCA that accommodates smaller voltage swings of lower-voltage logic, and a powered-off high-impedance state on all pins so the part never loads the bus when unpowered. According to the TCA9517 datasheet, the A-side drivers operate from 0.9 V to 5.5 V, drive more current than B-side drivers, and do not require a buffered low or static offset voltage, producing a nearly 0 V hard low on the A-side. Architecturally, the TCA9517 uses open-drain drivers with rise-time support rather than a static 0.5 V low offset on the A-side, distinguishing it from the older PCA9517 generation. The 230 ns maximum propagation delay preserves I2C Fast Mode timing margins at 400 kHz, and the two channels translate both SDA and SCA lines simultaneously. Typical applications include connecting 1.8 V or 3.3 V MCU I2C ports to 5 V EEPROMs, sensors, and RTCs in industrial and telecom equipment, isolating bus capacitance in long backplane runs, and buffering densely loaded SMBus segments. Design consideration: keep the A-side connected to the lower-voltage, higher-capacitance segment; the B-side static 0.5 V offset requires pairing buffers B-side to A-side in cascaded topologies. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, verified drop-in alternatives, pinout, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.

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TCA9536-Q1 - 4-Bit I2C/SMBus I/O Expander AEC-Q100 | TI
TCA9536-Q1

TCA9536-Q1 - 4-Bit I2C/SMBus I/O Expander AEC-Q100 | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA9536-Q1 is a 4-bit remote I/O expander for the I2C bus and SMBus with configuration registers, operating from a 1.65V to 5.5V supply in an 8-pin X2SON package measuring just 1.35 mm x 0.8 mm. It provides general-purpose remote I/O expansion for most microcontroller families via the I2C interface and is AEC-Q100 qualified for automotive applications. An I/O expander is an interface IC that extends the number of general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins of a microcontroller or system controller through a serial bus such as I2C or SMBus. In the hierarchy of embedded system components, the I/O expander sits within the interface IC family, alongside level translators, bus buffers, and serial transceivers, and functions as a remote GPIO peripheral for system masters that need additional discrete control or monitoring lines without adding a larger microcontroller. Key features of the TCA9536-Q1 include 4 configurable I/O pins that can be individually programmed as inputs or outputs through a 4-bit Configuration register, an Input Port register for reading pin states, an Output Port register for driving pins, and a Polarity Inversion register for active-HIGH or active-LOW operation. The device supports fast-mode I2C bus operation up to 1 MHz, uses only two bus lines (SDA and SCL), and operates across the wide 1.65V to 5.5V VCC range for compatibility with 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, and 5V logic systems. The architecture implements four 4-bit registers (Configuration, Input Port, Output Port, and Polarity Inversion) accessible over the serial bus, with power-on reset defaulting all pins to inputs. Because the TCA9536-Q1 register map follows the widely deployed PCA9536 register convention, the same software drivers used for PCA9536-class expanders generally work unchanged, simplifying migration and second-sourcing within an existing firmware stack. Typical applications include automotive body-control modules, GPIO expansion in space-constrained sensor nodes, keypad or switch monitoring, LED and relay control through external drivers, and power-rail sequencing enables in infotainment and cluster displays. Its tiny X2SON footprint makes it especially attractive where board area is the limiting factor. Design consideration: because the X2SON package places multiple pins on very fine pitch beneath the die, follow TI's recommended PCB land pattern exactly, including via-in-pad thermal relief, and verify solderability with the correct reflow profile for the Q1 automotive grade. This page synthesizes verified distributor data, drop-in alternative analysis, and practical design guidance that goes beyond the raw datasheet parameters.

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TCA9544APWR - 4-Ch I2C/SMBus Mux with Interrupt | TI
TCA9544APWR

TCA9544APWR - 4-Ch I2C/SMBus Mux with Interrupt | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA9544APWR is a low-voltage 4-channel bidirectional translating I2C and SMBus multiplexer with interrupt logic, operating from 1.65 V to 5.5 V and supporting both Standard-Mode (100 kHz) and Fast-Mode (400 kHz) bus speeds, housed in a 20-pin TSSOP (PW) package. An I2C multiplexer (bus switch) is an interface IC that lets a single master SCL/SDA pair be shared among multiple downstream I2C buses. It sits in the interface IC hierarchy between the bus transceiver level and full protocol bridges: multiplexer -> I2C switch -> I2C/SMBus interface -> system bus management. Its core role is resolving slave address conflicts and providing voltage translation between buses that run at different logic levels. Key features include four independently selectable SCn/SDn channel pairs controlled by a single 8-bit control register, integrated interrupt logic with four downstream interrupt inputs (INT0-INT3) and one open-drain master-side INT output, and a 3-bit address-select input (A0-A2) that places the device at one of eight I2C addresses for multi-mux systems. Pass-gate switch architecture enables true bidirectional translation between 1.65 V, 2.3 V, 3.3 V and 5 V buses without direction pins. Technically, the device passes the upstream SCL/SDA pair to any single channel or combination of channels determined by the control register, which is written and readable via I2C. Because it is a passive pass-gate (not a buffered repeater), it adds minimal propagation delay but does not regenerate signal rise times, so total bus capacitance limits remain applicable. Typical applications include resolving address conflicts between multiple identical sensors (temperature, accelerometers) on one controller, isolating capacitive loading in long or heavily populated I2C segments, and fan-out from an SMBus host in servers and industrial controllers. Design consideration: because the pass-gate does not buffer, keep total downstream capacitance within the 400 pF I2C Fast-Mode limit; series resistance of the switch slightly increases rise times, so verify pull-up sizing at 400 kHz. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.

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TCA9548ADGSR - 8-Channel 1.65-5.5V I2C Switch | TI
TCA9548ADGSR

TCA9548ADGSR - 8-Channel 1.65-5.5V I2C Switch | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA9548ADGSR is a low-voltage 8-channel I2C/SMBus switch with reset, operating from a 1.65V to 5.5V supply and housed in a 24-pin VSSOP (DGS) package. It resolves I2C slave address conflicts by multiplexing one upstream SDA/SCL pair to any combination of eight downstream bus channels, selected through the I2C bus itself. An I2C switch (also called an I2C multiplexer or bus switch) is a signal-switching IC in the interface IC family that sits between a system controller and multiple I2C targets. In the hierarchy of I2C bus management devices, it sits alongside bus buffers, level translators, and I/O expanders, and its core job is to let a controller with one or two address pins reach many devices that would otherwise clash on identical addresses. Key features of the TCA9548A include an active-low RESET input that recovers a hung downstream bus without cycling power, three address pins (A0, A1, A2) that allow up to eight TCA9548A devices on one I2C bus, and pass-gate switches with low ON resistance. Power-up deselect of all channels guarantees a glitch-free, deterministic bus state at startup, and the device is I2C Bus and SMBus compatible. A major architectural advantage is built-in voltage translation: because the pass-gate switches are powered from VCC, the device allows 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, and 5V bus domains to coexist across the same multiplexer, eliminating a separate level shifter in mixed-voltage systems. Hot insertion is also supported, so a downstream card can be connected without disturbing the upstream bus. Typical applications include sensor hubs with multiple identical-address sensors, LCD and OLED display control via I2C, server backplanes and fans trays, and battery-management or power-supply modules where a controller must isolate and poll many buses. Selecting channels in any combination lets a controller scan multiple buses without repeated I2C re-addressing. Design consideration: keep RESET asserted through a controller GPIO at power-up, and add a pull-up so the device does not float into an undefined state; channel selection is a single register write, so bus turnaround overhead is minimal. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternative analysis, application guidance, and design notes beyond what the manufacturer datasheet alone provides.

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TCA9548APWR - 8-Channel I2C Switch with Reset | Texas Instruments
TCA9548APWR

TCA9548APWR - 8-Channel I2C Switch with Reset | Texas Instruments

The Texas Instruments TCA9548APWR is a low-voltage 8-channel I2C/SMBus switch with reset and voltage translation, packaged in a 24-pin TSSOP (PW). It operates from 1.65V to 5.5V and allows an upstream I2C bus to fan out to eight downstream channels, each selectable in any combination via the I2C bus. The device features an active-low reset input, three address pins (allowing up to eight devices on the bus), and low ON-state resistance switches. An I2C switch is a specialized multiplexer that enables a single I2C master to communicate with multiple slave devices that share the same address or operate at different voltage levels. By isolating downstream buses, it prevents address conflicts and allows voltage translation between the upstream and downstream segments. The TCA9548A belongs to the family of I2C bus switches and multiplexers, which are essential in complex systems where multiple sensors, EEPROMs, or other I2C peripherals need to be managed. Key features include bidirectional translating switches, I2C and SMBus compatibility, active-low reset, three address pins, channel selection via I2C in any combination, power-up with all channels deselected, and low RON switches. The device supports a wide supply voltage range of 1.65V to 5.5V, making it suitable for mixed-voltage systems. The operating temperature range is -40°C to 85°C, and the package is a 24-pin TSSOP (PW) with a body size of 7.8mm x 4.4mm. Technically, the TCA9548A uses a pass-gate architecture that provides bidirectional voltage translation. The VCC pin must be connected to the lowest voltage used on the bus to ensure proper level shifting. The device has a low quiescent current and supports standard and fast I2C modes. The reset input allows the switch to be reset to its default state (all channels deselected) without power cycling. Typical applications include server and telecom systems for managing multiple I2C devices, industrial control for sensor arrays, and consumer electronics for connecting multiple peripherals. The TCA9548A is also used in automotive infotainment and ADAS systems where multiple I2C buses need to be isolated. When designing with this device, ensure that the VCC pin is at the lowest voltage of any bus segment to guarantee correct voltage translation. Also, consider the capacitive loading on each channel and use appropriate pull-up resistors for the I2C bus.

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TCA9555PWR - 16-bit I2C/SMBus I/O Expander w/ Interrupt | TI
TCA9555PWR

TCA9555PWR - 16-bit I2C/SMBus I/O Expander w/ Interrupt | TI

The Texas Instruments TCA9555PWR is a 16-bit I2C/SMBus I/O expander with interrupt output and configuration registers, operating from 1.65 V to 5.5 V VCC and housed in a 24-pin TSSOP (PW) package. It provides remote 16-bit general-purpose parallel I/O expansion through the two-line bidirectional I2C bus and supports SMBus signaling up to 400 kHz in the TI variant (with 1 MHz capability in the UMW second-source marking). The device integrates three hardware address pins (A0/A1/A2), an open-drain active-low INT output, and per-port weak pull-up resistors that can be enabled via the configuration register. An I2C I/O expander is a category of bus-interface IC that allows a host microcontroller with limited native GPIO to gain additional digital inputs or outputs over a two-wire serial bus. The taxonomy is: I/O expander -> parallel I/O -> digital interface IC -> interface IC -> integrated circuit. The TCA9555 belongs to the second-generation TI family characterized by wider VCC range (down to 1.65 V), higher SMBus speed, lower standby current, and the addition of weak pull-ups. It is widely used to recover GPIO budget on small-pin-count MCUs, add level-translated interfaces, and aggregate slow peripherals such as keypads, LEDs, or push-buttons. Key features of the TCA9555PWR include 16 individually configurable I/O bits, 5 V tolerant I/O ports, 25 mA sink/source per bit (with total package limits), an active-low interrupt line that fires on any input state change, and three programmable I2C address pins supporting up to eight devices on the same bus (64 I/O total). The internal power-on reset brings all I/O to inputs and clears the configuration, polarity-inversion, and mask registers to defaults, eliminating spurious writes at startup. The architecture is a CMOS parallel expansion core driven by a finite state machine on the I2C/SMBus interface. Writes go through a write-protection check and into 8-bit configuration, polarity, and output registers; reads decode the input and output registers with optional polarity inversion. Hardware behavior is fully static and register-mapped, so no clock is required externally. Typical applications include MCU GPIO expansion in industrial control panels, signal aggregation in telecom baseband cards, keypad/LED scanning, and portable consumer devices such as e-readers where any-pin-as-input is needed for button wake events. A representative circuit places the TCA9555PWR on the host's I2C bus with 4.7 kohm pull-ups on SDA/SCL, bypassed VCC, and optional 10 kohm pull-ups on the interrupt and reset pins. INT can be wired to the MCU's edge-sensitive external interrupt so the host wakes only when an input state changes, saving overall system power. When designing with this device, confirm VCC level compatibility - the 1.65 V lower bound matches low-voltage MCUs, but the host and the device must share a common reference. Allow total DC current budget per bank and per package; aggregate sink/source must be derated for high-bit-count use. Use the configuration register to enable or disable weak pull-ups based on the external pull-up strength present on the line.

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TCA9617BDGKR - 1MHz FM+ I2C Bus Repeater, VSSOP-8 | Texas Instruments
TCA9617BDGKR

TCA9617BDGKR - 1MHz FM+ I2C Bus Repeater, VSSOP-8 | Texas Instruments

The Texas Instruments TCA9617BDGKR is a 2-bit bidirectional I2C/SMBus buffer and repeater that performs voltage level translation between mixed-voltage buses in a single 8-pin VSSOP (DGK) package. It supports I2C Standard-mode, Fast-mode, and Fast-mode Plus (Fm+) operation up to 1 MHz, and translates bidirectionally between a low-voltage A-side bus (0.8 V to 5.5 V) and a high-voltage B-side bus (2.2 V to 5.5 V), enabling seamless interconnect between legacy 3.3 V/5 V microcontrollers and modern low-voltage processors operating at 1.0 V, 1.2 V, or 1.8 V rails. An I2C bus repeater is a specialized bus interface device that electrically isolates two physical I2C segments while still allowing them to behave as one logical bus. By buffering the SCL and SDA lines, a repeater overcomes the classic I2C limitation of bus capacitance: each segment of the bus is loaded independently, so engineers can attach far more devices, run longer PCB traces, or use longer cables than would otherwise be possible. The TCA9617B also performs voltage level translation (also called a level shifter), so the same repeater allows a low-voltage MCU to talk to a 5 V sensor without dedicated glue logic. Key specifications of the TCA9617BDGKR include: 1 MHz maximum clock frequency, support for 0.8 V to 5.5 V on the A-side, 2.2 V to 5.5 V on the B-side, EN (enable) input with powered-off high-impedance behavior, low standby current (VCCA suspend), and integrated pull-up current sources that eliminate the need for external bus pull-ups on the B-side. The BiCMOS internal design provides clean edges and controlled rise/fall times even at full Fm+ speed. The device is offered in three temperature grades with -40 °C to +85 °C as the commercial grade. Typical applications include I2C bus extension between boards, voltage translation between low-voltage MCUs and 3.3 V/5 V peripherals, server backplanes, telecommunications equipment, and any system where the total bus capacitance exceeds the 400 pF Fast-mode or 550 pF Fast-mode Plus limit imposed by the I2C specification. The repeater transparently regenerates SCL and SDA so that slaves on either side see a clean, well-formed waveform. When designing with the TCA9617B, observe that the A-side and B-side each require their own pull-up resistors; the B-side pull-ups must be to VCCB and the A-side pull-ups must be to VCCA. Avoid enabling the device with EN high before both VCCA and VCCB rails have ramped. Series resistance on the bus should be kept low to preserve Fm+ rise-time margins. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet, providing a single reference for engineers selecting an I2C repeater/level shifter for mixed-voltage systems.

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