ATMEGA128-16AC - 8-bit AVR MCU 16MHz 128KB Flash | Microchip
MPN: ATMEGA128-16AC ✓ نشطATMEGA128-16AC نظرة عامة
An 8-bit microcontroller is an integrated circuit that contains a processor core, memory, and programmable input/output peripherals on a single chip, executing control and data-processing tasks in embedded systems. Within the product hierarchy, the ATmega128 sits in the AVR ATmega family of enhanced RISC MCUs, which belongs to the broader class of general-purpose microcontrollers within semiconductor-based embedded processing. The AVR architecture executes most instructions in a single clock cycle, achieving throughput approaching 1 MIPS per MHz.
Key features of the ATMEGA128-16AC include 133 powerful AVR instructions with mostly single-cycle execution, 32 general-purpose working registers, 128KB of ISP Flash with 10,000 write-cycle endurance, 4KB EEPROM rated for 100,000 write cycles, and a rich peripheral set: two 8-bit and two 16-bit timers with PWM, two USARTs, SPI, TWI (I2C-compatible), an 8-channel 10-bit ADC, analog comparator, watchdog timer, and JTAG boundary-scan/on-chip-debug support.
Architecturally, the AVR uses a Harvard structure with separate program and data buses, allowing simultaneous Flash instruction fetch and data access. In-system programmability permits firmware updates after board assembly, and the boot Flash section supports self-programming for field upgrades.
Typical applications include industrial control and automation nodes, embedded instrumentation and test equipment, motor-control and power-supervision systems, and legacy embedded designs requiring extended 128KB program memory with 5V-tolerant I/O.
When designing with this part, remember the -16AC is the commercial temperature grade (0C to +70C); select the -16AI industrial grade for -40C to +85C environments, and budget for a 4.5V to 5.5V supply since 16MHz operation is not supported at 3.3V.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, complete 64-pin pinout data, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
بدائل مباشرة لـ ATMEGA128-16AC — نفس الحزمة، متوافق دبوس بدبوس. تُستثنى القطع ذات الحزم المختلفة التي تتطلب تعديل PCB.
الطرازات في هذه السلسلة
طرازات من نفس السلسلة متوافقة تمامًا مع ATMEGA128-16AC (نفس عامل الشكل والبصمة) — يختلف في Package, Core Architecture, Debug Interface, Supply Voltage Range, ADC Channels.
ATMEGA128A-16AU
✅ بديل مباشر ⚠️ مواصفات غير مُتحقق منها📋 بديل مرجعي (غير موجود في الكتالوج)
ATMEGA128-16AUR
✅ بديل مباشر✓ متوفر في المخزون
$9.0234 / وحدة
عرض ورقة البيانات ←ATMEGA128-16AI
✅ بديل مباشر ⚠️ مواصفات غير مُتحقق منهاتواصل لمعرفة السعر
عرض ورقة البيانات ←ATMEGA128-16ML
✅ بديل مباشر📋 بديل مرجعي (غير موجود في الكتالوج)
ATMEGA1281-16MUR
✅ بديل مباشرتواصل لمعرفة السعر
عرض ورقة البيانات ←ATMEGA128-16AC الحدود القصوى والخصائص الكهربائية
| Core Architecture | AVR 8-bit enhanced RISC |
| Core Size | 8-bit |
| أقصى تردد للساعة | 16 MHz |
| Program Memory Size | 128 KB (64K x 16) Flash |
| Program Memory Type | In-System Programmable Flash |
| EEPROM Size | 4 KB |
| RAM Size | 4 KB SRAM |
| Number of I/O | 53 I/O lines |
| Supply Voltage Range | 4.5 V to 5.5 V |
| درجة حرارة التشغيل | 0C to +70C (commercial grade) |
| Timers | 2 x 8-bit, 2 x 16-bit with PWM |
| Communication Interfaces | 2 x USART, SPI, TWI (I2C-compatible) |
| ADC Resolution | 10-bit, 8 channels |
| Debug Interface | JTAG (boundary scan and on-chip debug) |
| العلبة | 64-TQFP (14x14 mm) |
| نوع التركيب | Surface Mount |
| Data Converter | A/D 8x10-bit |
تكوين أطراف ATMEGA128-16AC
| دبوس 1 | PEN — Programming Enable (low during programming) |
| دبوس 2 | PE0 (RXD0/PDI) — Port E bit 0 / USART0 receive |
| دبوس 3 | PE1 (TXD0/PDO) — Port E bit 1 / USART0 transmit |
| دبوس 4 | PE2 (XCK0/AIN0) — Port E bit 2 / USART0 clock / analog comparator input |
| دبوس 5 | PE3 (OC3A/AIN1) — Port E bit 3 / Timer3 PWM output A / comparator input |
| دبوس 6 | PE4 (OC3B/INT4) — Port E bit 4 / Timer3 PWM output B / external interrupt 4 |
| دبوس 7 | PE5 (OC3C/INT5) — Port E bit 5 / Timer3 PWM output C / external interrupt 5 |
| دبوس 8 | PE6 (T3/INT6) — Port E bit 6 / Timer3 clock input / external interrupt 6 |
| دبوس 9 | PE7 (ICP3/INT7/CLKO) — Port E bit 7 / Timer3 input capture / interrupt 7 / clock out |
| دبوس 10 | PB0 (SS) — Port B bit 0 / SPI slave select |
| دبوس 11 | PB1 (SCK) — Port B bit 1 / SPI serial clock |
| دبوس 12 | PB2 (MOSI) — Port B bit 2 / SPI master data out |
| دبوس 13 | PB3 (MISO) — Port B bit 3 / SPI master data in |
| دبوس 14 | PB4 (OC0/PWM0) — Port B bit 4 / Timer0 PWM output |
| دبوس 15 | PB5 (OC1A) — Port B bit 5 / Timer1 PWM output A |
| دبوس 16 | PB6 (OC1B) — Port B bit 6 / Timer1 PWM output B |
| دبوس 17 | PB7 (OC2/OC1C) — Port B bit 7 / Timer2 PWM / Timer1 PWM output C |
| دبوس 18 | PG3 (TOSC2) — Port G bit 3 / Timer oscillator output (32kHz RTC crystal) |
| دبوس 19 | PG4 (TOSC1) — Port G bit 4 / Timer oscillator input |
| دبوس 20 | RESET — Reset input (active low) |
| دبوس 21 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| دبوس 22 | GND — Ground |
| دبوس 23 | XTAL2 — Crystal oscillator output |
| دبوس 24 | XTAL1 — Crystal oscillator input / external clock input |
| دبوس 25 | PD0 (SCL/INT0) — Port D bit 0 / TWI clock / external interrupt 0 |
| دبوس 26 | PD1 (SDA/INT1) — Port D bit 1 / TWI data / external interrupt 1 |
| دبوس 27 | PD2 (TXD1/INT2) — Port D bit 2 / USART1 transmit / interrupt 2 |
| دبوس 28 | PD3 (RXD1/INT3) — Port D bit 3 / USART1 receive / interrupt 3 |
| دبوس 29 | PD4 (ICP1) — Port D bit 4 / Timer1 input capture |
| دبوس 30 | PD5 (XCK1) — Port D bit 5 / USART1 external clock |
| دبوس 31 | PD6 (T1) — Port D bit 6 / Timer1 external clock input |
| دبوس 32 | PD7 (T2) — Port D bit 7 / Timer2 external clock input |
| دبوس 33 | PG0 (WR) — Port G bit 0 / external memory write strobe |
| دبوس 34 | PG1 (RD) — Port G bit 1 / external memory read strobe |
| دبوس 35 | PC0 (A8) — Port C bit 0 / external memory address bit 8 |
| دبوس 36 | PC1 (A9) — Port C bit 1 / external memory address bit 9 |
| دبوس 37 | PC2 (A10) — Port C bit 2 / external memory address bit 10 |
| دبوس 38 | PC3 (A11) — Port C bit 3 / external memory address bit 11 |
| دبوس 39 | PC4 (A12) — Port C bit 4 / external memory address bit 12 |
| دبوس 40 | PC5 (A13) — Port C bit 5 / external memory address bit 13 |
| دبوس 41 | PC6 (A14) — Port C bit 6 / external memory address bit 14 |
| دبوس 42 | PC7 (A15) — Port C bit 7 / external memory address bit 15 |
| دبوس 43 | PG2 (ALE) — Port G bit 2 / external memory address latch enable |
| دبوس 44 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| دبوس 45 | GND — Ground |
| دبوس 46 | PA7 (AD7) — Port A bit 7 / external memory address/data bit 7 |
| دبوس 47 | PA6 (AD6) — Port A bit 6 / external memory address/data bit 6 |
| دبوس 48 | PA5 (AD5) — Port A bit 5 / external memory address/data bit 5 |
| دبوس 49 | PA4 (AD4) — Port A bit 4 / external memory address/data bit 4 |
| دبوس 50 | PA3 (AD3) — Port A bit 3 / external memory address/data bit 3 |
| دبوس 51 | PA2 (AD2) — Port A bit 2 / external memory address/data bit 2 |
| دبوس 52 | PA1 (AD1) — Port A bit 1 / external memory address/data bit 1 |
| دبوس 53 | PA0 (AD0) — Port A bit 0 / external memory address/data bit 0 |
| دبوس 54 | PF0 (ADC0) — Port F bit 0 / ADC channel 0 |
| دبوس 55 | PF1 (ADC1) — Port F bit 1 / ADC channel 1 |
| دبوس 56 | PF2 (ADC2) — Port F bit 2 / ADC channel 2 |
| دبوس 57 | PF3 (ADC3) — Port F bit 3 / ADC channel 3 |
| دبوس 58 | PF4 (ADC4/TCK) — Port F bit 4 / ADC channel 4 / JTAG test clock |
| دبوس 59 | PF5 (ADC5/TMS) — Port F bit 5 / ADC channel 5 / JTAG test mode select |
| دبوس 60 | PF6 (ADC6/TDO) — Port F bit 6 / ADC channel 6 / JTAG test data out |
| دبوس 61 | PF7 (ADC7/TDI) — Port F bit 7 / ADC channel 7 / JTAG test data in |
| دبوس 62 | AREF — ADC reference voltage |
| دبوس 63 | AGND — Analog ground |
| دبوس 64 | AVCC — Analog supply voltage for port F and ADC |
التطبيقات النموذجية
ATMEGA128-16AC مناسب لـ 6 التطبيقs: Industrial Control and Automation, Embedded Instrumentation and Test Equipment, Legacy AVR Design Maintenance, Motor Control and Actuator Systems, Communication Gateways and Serial Concentrators, Education and Hobbyist Development Platforms.
Industrial Control and Automation
The ATMEGA128-16AC fits industrial control nodes because its 53 I/O lines, four PWM-capable timers, and dual USARTs allow simultaneous sensor polling, actuator drive, and Modbus-style serial communication without external expanders. Its 128KB ISP Flash accommodates large state machines and field-updatable firmware via the boot-loader section, while the 4KB EEPROM retains calibration constants through power cycles. Operating from a 4.5V to 5.5V rail matches legacy 5V industrial signal levels, giving noise margin that 3.3V MCUs lack on long cable runs. The commercial 0C to +70C rating suits panel-mounted controllers; specify the -16AI grade for outdoor or unconditioned enclosures.
موصى به
Embedded Instrumentation and Test Equipment
Bench instruments, data loggers, and custom test fixtures benefit from the ATMEGA128-16AC's 8-channel 10-bit ADC for multi-sensor acquisition and its JTAG port for in-circuit debugging during development. The 16MHz AVR core delivers roughly 16 MIPS, sufficient for local averaging, threshold comparison, and menu-driven user interfaces on character LCDs via TWI or parallel buses. The external memory interface (ports A, C, and PG0-PG2 ALE/WR/RD pins) can address external SRAM beyond the internal 4KB when long acquisition buffers are required. Its 100,000-cycle EEPROM endurance suits measurement calibration storage in instruments recalibrated periodically.
موصى به
Legacy AVR Design Maintenance
Thousands of shipping products were built around the original ATmega128 and now need continued sourcing as the original die becomes harder to buy in volume. The ATMEGA128-16AC and its drop-in successor ATMEGA128A-16AU keep such boards serviceable without any PCB change: same 64-TQFP footprint, same pinout, same register map, and same ISP programming flow through SPI. Rochester Electronics also supplies original-die parts for long-tail programs. Engineering teams maintaining legacy firmware should validate the boot-loader flash procedure on the ATmega128A, whose boot section timing is marginally faster on the new process, then standardize on the A-variant for future builds.
موصى به
Motor Control and Actuator Systems
With two 8-bit and two 16-bit timers offering multiple PWM outputs (OC0, OC1A/B/C, OC2, OC3A/B/C), the ATMEGA128-16AC can drive brushed DC, stepper, and small three-phase actuator stages directly at 5V logic. The external interrupt pins INT0-INT7 plus the analog comparator support encoder feedback and over-current trip logic with hardware latency below one timer clock. Running at 16MHz gives 1 MIPS-per-MHz throughput for executing PID loops at multi-kilohertz rates in C. Gate-driver ICs on the SPI bus extend the MCU to power MOSFET half-bridges, while the watchdog timer enforces fail-safe shutdown if firmware hangs.
موصى به
Communication Gateways and Serial Concentrators
The two independent hardware USARTs on the ATMEGA128-16AC make it a natural protocol bridge: for example, translating RS-485 Modbus RTU on one port to RS-232 diagnostics on the other, or combining multiple field devices into a single upstream link. Hardware SPI and TWI add two more simultaneous buses for sensors, RTCs, and EEPROMs without software bit-banging overhead. The 128KB Flash holds generous protocol stacks, and the boot section permits field firmware updates over the serial link, minimizing maintenance trips. The 5V I/O directly drives optocoupler-based RS-485 front ends commonly used in industrial networks.
موصى به
Education and Hobbyist Development Platforms
The ATmega128 remains popular in university embedded-systems courses and hobbyist platforms because AVR toolchains (AVR-GCC, avrdude, and Arduino-compatible cores such as MegaCore for ATmega128) are free and mature. The JTAG port allows students to set breakpoints and inspect registers in real hardware, a capability many modern MCUs gate behind proprietary debuggers. Its through-documented 5V operation tolerates wiring mistakes better than 3.3V parts, and the 64-pin TQFP on adapter boards is approachable for breadboard prototyping. The 133-instruction RISC set is small enough to teach assembly fundamentals yet powerful enough for term projects spanning displays, sensors, and motors.
موصى به
ملخص المنتجات الموصى بها
بيانات مرجعية هندسية لـ ATMEGA128-16AC — المقارنة وإرشادات التصميم ومعلومات الامتثال.
دليل الاختيار
المقارنة مع البدائل
| المعامل | هذا المنتج | ATMEGA128A-16AU | ATMEGA128-16AUR | ATMEGA128-16AI | ATMEGA128-16ML | ATMEGA1281-16MUR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 64-TQFP (14x14) | 64-TQFP (14x14) - same | 64-TQFP (14x14) - same | 64-TQFP (14x14) - same | 64-TQFP (14x14) - same | 64-TQFP (14x14) - same |
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Max Clock Frequency | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz |
| Flash Memory | 128 KB | 128 KB | 128 KB | 128 KB | 128 KB | 128 KB |
| SRAM | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB | 8 KB |
| Pin Compatibility | Reference (ATmega128 pinout) | Pin-to-pin compatible | Pin-to-pin compatible | Pin-to-pin compatible | Pin-to-pin compatible | Different peripheral mapping - verify before reuse |
أبرز الفروقات
- Lower power consumption on the newer process (مقابلATMEGA128-16AC (baseline))
- Extended temperature range for harsh environments (مقابلATMEGA128-16AUR)
- Legacy-silicon sourcing continuity (مقابلATMEGA1281-16MUR)
ملاحظات التصميم
Supply the ATMEGA128-16AC from a clean 4.5V to 5.5V rail; 16MHz operation is only qualified at 5V-class voltages per the Microchip datasheet speed-versus-voltage curve. Place 100nF ceramic decoupling capacitors at both VCC pins (21 and 44) within 5 mm of each pin, plus a 10uF bulk capacitor near the regulator. Tie AVCC (pin 64) to VCC through a 10uH LC filter when ADC accuracy matters, and never leave AVCC below VCC - the datasheet warns AVCC must not exceed VCC by more than 0.3V.
Connect AGND (pin 63) to a star-ground point shared with the ADC reference return path to keep switching currents out of the analog domain. Use AREF (pin 62) with a 100nF capacitor to AGND; do not connect an external reference while the internal reference is enabled. Keep the XTAL1/XTAL2 crystal traces short and ring them with a ground guard. Because JTAG shares PF4-PF7 with ADC4-ADC7, plan pin usage early: program the JTAGEN fuse off only after confirming no debugger access is needed.
Do not attempt 16MHz operation below 4.5V - overclocking below the datasheet voltage curve causes marginal Flash execution and intermittent resets. PEN (pin 1) must be pulled high through a 10k resistor for normal operation; only pull it low during high-voltage parallel programming. RESET is active low with an internal pull-up, but add an external 10k pull-up and 100nF cap for noisy environments. When migrating to ATMEGA128A-16AU, re-verify boot-loader flash timing since the newer die writes marginally faster.
معلومات الامتثال
Compliance status not stated in the provided Verified Web Data; confirm RoHS/REACH/lead-free status on the Microchip product page or certificate of conformance before procurement.