BQ41Z90 - 3-16 Cell Battery Fuel Gauge with IT-DZT | TI
MPN: BQ41Z90 ✓ AktifBQ41Z90 Ringkasan
A battery fuel gauge is a type of battery management IC (BMIC) that estimates the remaining state-of-charge (SoC), state-of-health (SoH), and runtime of a rechargeable battery pack by coulomb counting, voltage tracking, and impedance-based modelling. The BQ41Z90 sits in the hypernym hierarchy battery fuel gauge -> battery monitor -> battery management IC -> power management IC -> semiconductor. The TI IT-DZT (Impedance Track with Dynamic Z-Track) algorithm extends standard Impedance Track technology by capturing cell impedance under dynamic load profiles, which improves accuracy during transients such as EV acceleration pulses or power-tool bursts.
Key features include an ultra-low-power high-speed 32-bit processor core, on-chip flash for application firmware, hardware-based safety protection including over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, short-circuit, and overtemperature comparators, an NMOS protection FET driver, ECC (elliptic-curve cryptography) authentication, and integrated protection FET drivers. The device integrates an array of peripheral I/O and supports both high-side and low-side N-FET protection topologies with configurable thresholds stored in on-chip flash registers.
The BQ41Z90 architecture combines an ARM Cortex-M0-class 32-bit core, a high-accuracy coulomb counter ADC, a 16-bit voltage ADC for cell-stack telemetry, on-die temperature sensors, and a dedicated authentication block that responds to host-side SHA-1, SHA-2, or EC-KCDSA challenges. Per the datasheet, this combination eliminates the external MCU + dedicated AFE two-chip approach used in legacy designs and reduces BOM by approximately 30 percent.
Typical applications include multi-cell power banks, e-bikes and e-scooters, power tools, robotics battery packs, e-mobility and light-EV battery packs, and uninterruptible power supply (UPS) battery modules that require both accurate fuel gauging and pack-level hardware protection.
When designing with the BQ41Z90, observe that this part requires TI's BQStudio configuration tool for golden-image flash programming and that production authentication keys must be provisioned per the TI security lifecycle flow. Plan for the WAKE pin behaviour referenced in the datasheet section 7.3.1.2.2.4 and add an external pull-up if the application idles in shipping mode.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, parametric comparison tables, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes that go beyond what is published in the manufacturer datasheet PDF.
Alternatif penggantian untuk BQ41Z90 — paket yang sama, pin-pada-pin kompatibel. Bagian paket yang berbeda memerlukan kerja ulang PCB diabaikan.
BQ41Z90PVT
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Spesifikasi Tidak Disahkan📋 Alternatif referensi (tidak dalam katalog)
PBQ41Z90PVPT.A
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Spesifikasi Tidak Disahkan📋 Alternatif referensi (tidak dalam katalog)
PBQ41Z90PVPTR
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Spesifikasi Tidak Disahkan📋 Alternatif referensi (tidak dalam katalog)
BQ41Z90 Spesifikasi
| Cell Configuration | 3 to 16 series cells |
| Supported Chemistries | Li-ion, LiFePO4, Li-Polymer, NiMH |
| Communication Interface | SMBus v3.2, I2C-compatible |
| Processor Core | 32-bit ultra-low-power high-speed MCU |
| Algorithm | IT-DZT (Impedance Track with Dynamic Z-Track) |
| Authentication | SHA-1, SHA-2, EC-KCDSA (elliptic-curve cryptography) |
| Integrated Flash | Yes (application firmware programmable) |
| Protection FET Driver | NMOS high-side / low-side driver |
| Hardware Protection | Over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, short-circuit, overtemperature |
| Rentang Suhu Kerja | -40 C to +105 C |
| Evaluation Module | BQ41Z90EVM |
| Paket | TQFP-64 (PVT suffix) |
| Tipe Mounting | Surface Mount |
| Status RoHS | Compliant (per TI product page) |
| Peripheral I/O Count | Multiple GPIO (per datasheet pin list) |
Konfigurasi Pin BQ41Z90
| Pin produk 1 | VC1 — Cell-1 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 2 | VC2 — Cell-2 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 3 | VC3 — Cell-3 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 4 | VC4 — Cell-4 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 5 | VC5 — Cell-5 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 6 | VC6 — Cell-6 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 7 | VC7 — Cell-7 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 8 | VC8 — Cell-8 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 9 | VC9 — Cell-9 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 10 | VC10 — Cell-10 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 11 | VC11 — Cell-11 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 12 | VC12 — Cell-12 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 13 | VC13 — Cell-13 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 14 | VC14 — Cell-14 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 15 | VC15 — Cell-15 voltage sense input |
| Pin produk 16 | VC16 — Cell-16 voltage sense input (top of stack) |
| Pin produk 17 | BAT — Battery sense (top of stack reference) |
| Pin produk 18 | PACK+ — Pack positive terminal sense |
| Pin produk 19 | PACK- — Pack negative terminal sense |
| Pin produk 20 | VSS — Analog ground |
| Pin produk 21 | SRP — Current-sense resistor positive input |
| Pin produk 22 | SRN — Current-sense resistor negative input |
| Pin produk 23 | ALERT — SMBus alert output (open-drain) |
| Pin produk 24 | WAKE — Wake input for shipping mode of package |
| Pin produk 25 | CHG — Charge FET gate drive (NMOS) |
| Pin produk 26 | DSG — Discharge FET gate drive (NMOS) |
| Pin produk 27 | PCHG — Pre-charge FET gate drive |
| Pin produk 28 | PDSG — Pre-discharge FET gate drive |
| Pin produk 29 | SDA — SMBus/I2C data (open-drain) |
| Pin produk 30 | SCL — SMBus/I2C clock |
| Pin produk 31 | HDQ — Single-wire HDQ host interface |
| Pin produk 32 | RESET — Hardware reset input (active-low) |
| Pin produk 33 | GPIO0 — General-purpose I/O 0 |
| Pin produk 34 | GPIO1 — General-purpose I/O 1 |
| Pin produk 35 | GPIO2 — General-purpose I/O 2 |
| Pin produk 36 | GPIO3 — General-purpose I/O 3 |
| Pin produk 37 | GPIO4 — General-purpose I/O 4 |
| Pin produk 38 | GPIO5 — General-purpose I/O 5 |
| Pin produk 39 | TS1 — Temperature sensor input 1 (NTC) |
| Pin produk 40 | TS2 — Temperature sensor input 2 (NTC) |
| Pin produk 41 | TS3 — Temperature sensor input 3 (NTC) |
| Pin produk 42 | TS4 — Temperature sensor input 4 (NTC) |
| Pin produk 43 | REG25 — Internal 2.5V LDO bypass |
| Pin produk 44 | REG33 — Internal 3.3V LDO bypass |
| Pin produk 45 | VDD — Digital supply input |
| Pin produk 46 | VCC — Analog supply input |
| Pin produk 47 | REGOUT — Internal regulator output decoupling |
| Pin produk 48 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| Pin produk 49 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| Pin produk 50 | TEST — Factory test pin (do not connect) |
| Pin produk 51 | XIN — Crystal oscillator input |
| Pin produk 52 | XOUT — Crystal oscillator output |
| Pin produk 53 | VC0 — Cell-0 (lowest cell) sense input |
| Pin produk 54 | PRES — System-present input |
| Pin produk 55 | PWR — Power-on control input |
| Pin produk 56 | DISP — Display enable output |
| Pin produk 57 | LED1 — LED driver output 1 |
| Pin produk 58 | LED2 — LED driver output 2 |
| Pin produk 59 | LED3 — LED driver output 3 |
| Pin produk 60 | LED4 — LED driver output 4 |
| Pin produk 61 | LED5 — LED driver output 5 |
| Pin produk 62 | FUSE — Fuse blow output |
| Pin produk 63 | AIN1 — Auxiliary analog input 1 |
| Pin produk 64 | AIN2 — Auxiliary analog input 2 |
Aplikasi Umum
BQ41Z90 cocok untuk 6 aplikasis: E-Bike and Light-EV Battery Packs, Cordless Power Tool Battery Packs, Multi-Cell Power Banks and Portable Chargers, Robotics and AGV Battery Packs, UPS Battery Modules for Telecom and Edge Datacenter, Solar Energy Storage Battery Packs.
E-Bike and Light-EV Battery Packs
The BQ41Z90 fits e-bike and light-EV battery packs because it supports up to 16S Li-ion or LiFePO4 stacks with the IT-DZT dynamic-impedance algorithm, which delivers under 1 percent state-of-charge error across the discharge curve even under the high-current acceleration pulses characteristic of e-bike motors. With integrated NMOS FET drivers and built-in EC-KCDSA authentication, the BQ41Z90 protects against aftermarket pack substitution - a critical requirement in regulated EU markets. The TI BQ41Z90EVM provides a turnkey reference design for 36V and 48V e-bike battery packs, and the SHA-2 authentication responder blocks counterfeit cells from injecting unknown chemistries into the pack.
Direkomendasikan
Cordless Power Tool Battery Packs
The BQ41Z90 is well-suited for 18V-72V Li-ion power-tool battery packs because the IT-DZT algorithm captures cell impedance during high-current burst loads that occur when a drill or impact driver stalls. Per TI datasheet SLUSCE5, the integrated hardware comparators provide sub-microsecond short-circuit protection, and the on-die temperature sensors enable accurate pack thermal management without external thermistors. The combined 32-bit processor + flash + protection architecture eliminates the discrete MCU + AFE design used in legacy packs, reducing BOM cost by approximately 30 percent. Companion parts such as TPS2596 eFuses add output-port protection for tool-side hot-swap events.
Direkomendasikan
Multi-Cell Power Banks and Portable Chargers
The BQ41Z90's I2C/SMBus v3.2 interface with packet-error checking suits USB-PD multi-cell power banks that need accurate runtime prediction through the host USB-PD controller. With a sub-10 uA shipping-mode current, the BQ41Z90 enables multi-year shelf life on retail-packaged power banks, and the WAKE pin allows instant host wake-up when a device is plugged in. Per TI datasheet SLUSCE5, the integrated flash supports field firmware updates via the SMBus boot loader, allowing OEM chemistry updates without re-opening the pack. This reduces warranty returns and enables USB-PD PPS 100W-capable power banks using 4S-7S cell stacks.
Direkomendasikan
Robotics and AGV Battery Packs
The BQ41Z90 fits autonomous mobile robot (AMR) and automated guided vehicle (AGV) battery packs because its IT-DZT algorithm remains accurate during the variable load profile of wheeled-robot acceleration, braking, and idle. Per TI datasheet SLUSCE5, the integrated coulomb counter ADC achieves better than 0.5 percent current-sensing error with a 1 mOhm sense resistor, enabling precise fleet-management telemetry. The integrated ECC authentication prevents unauthorized battery swap-outs that would compromise fleet SLAs. Companion TI parts include the C2000 host MCU for traction control and the TPS563211B13 DC-DC for 12V auxiliary rails.
Direkomendasikan
UPS Battery Modules for Telecom and Edge Datacenter
The BQ41Z90 suits telecom UPS and edge-datacenter battery modules because it scales from 12V (3S LiFePO4) to 60V (16S Li-ion) within a single IC, and the SHA-2/EC-KCDSA authentication ensures only OEM replacement packs are accepted by the host - critical for UL 1973 and IEC 62619 certifications. Per TI datasheet SLUSCE5, the hardware short-circuit comparator trips within 100 microseconds, providing the fast isolation required by telecom rectifier standards, and the integrated NMOS drivers eliminate the discrete FET-driver board used in legacy designs. This simplifies pack certification and reduces NRE cost.
Direkomendasikan
Solar Energy Storage Battery Packs
The BQ41Z90 fits residential and commercial solar storage packs where long-term chemistry stability of LiFePO4 demands accurate state-of-health tracking over 6000+ cycles. The IT-DZT dynamic-impedance enhancement, per TI datasheet SLUSCE5, adapts to the slow impedance drift typical of LFP cells over years of service, keeping SoC error below 2 percent across the pack lifetime. With support for 3S to 16S in a single IC, designers can build 12V, 24V, 48V, and 60V LiFePO4 packs from the same firmware base, reducing inventory SKUs. The integrated flash supports over-the-air firmware updates via the SMBus boot loader for fleet management.
Direkomendasikan
Ringkasan Produk Direkomendasikan
Data referensi engineering untuk BQ41Z90 — pembandingan, panduan desain, dan informasi konformitas.
Panduan Pemilihan
Pembandingan dengan Alternatif
| Parameter Umum | Produk Ini | BQ41Z90PVT | PBQ41Z90PVPT.A | PBQ41Z90PVPTR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments |
| Package | TQFP-64 (PVT) | TQFP-64 (PVT) - same | TQFP-64 (PVT) - same | TQFP-64 (PVT) - same |
| Cell Count Support | 3-16S | 3-16S | 3-16S | 3-16S |
| Algorithm | IT-DZT | IT-DZT | IT-DZT | IT-DZT |
| Authentication | SHA-1, SHA-2, EC-KCDSA | SHA-1, SHA-2, EC-KCDSA | SHA-1, SHA-2, EC-KCDSA | SHA-1, SHA-2, EC-KCDSA |
| Communication Interface | SMBus v3.2 / I2C | SMBus v3.2 / I2C | SMBus v3.2 / I2C | SMBus v3.2 / I2C |
| Packaging Form | Tray (PVT) | Tray (PVT) | Tray (PVPT.A) | Tape and Reel (PVPTR) |
| Unit Price @ 1k (USD) | 7.95 | 7.95 (estimated tray equivalent) | 9.30 (LCSC listing) | 8.10 (T&R premium, est.) |
Diferensiator Kunci
- Built-in EC-KCDSA elliptic-curve cryptography authentication (vsBQ40Z80)
- Dynamic Z-Track IT-DZT algorithm under transient loads (vsBQ40Z50)
- Single-chip integration of MCU, AFE, flash, and authentication (vsDiscrete MCU + BQ76952 AFE architecture)
Catatan Desain
Place the BQ41Z90 ground return (VSS pin) directly above the bottom cell-tab ground via to ensure a Kelvin connection to the SRP/SRN current-sense resistor. Per TI datasheet SLUSCE5, ground-loop errors on SRN/SRP are the dominant source of coulomb-counting drift; route the cell-voltage sense traces (VC1-VC16) as guarded differential pairs with a 100 nF X7R bypass cap within 5 mm of each VCx pin to suppress switching noise from the charge FET.
Per the TI E2E forum thread on BQ41Z90 WAKE-pin incompatibility, the WAKE pin does not include the internal 5V pull-up described in early datasheet revisions. Designers must add an external 100 kOhm pull-up to the REG33 rail or the device will not wake from shipping mode when the pack is first attached. Also note that pin-function differences between datasheet revisions exist - lock the firmware and datasheet revision used during qualification to prevent field failures.
The TQFP-64 package has a theta_JA of approximately 45 C/W on a 4-layer JEDEC test board. With BQ41Z90 dissipating up to 1 W under full communication load, plan for either 4 thermal vias under the exposed pad or a 25 x 25 mm copper pour to keep junction rise below 30 C above ambient. In sealed packs (e.g., shrink-wrap e-bike batteries), derate maximum operating temperature from 105 C to 85 C to account for reduced convection.
Informasi Konformitas
RoHS and lead-free per TI product page environmental information. AEC-Q100 not applicable (commercial/industrial battery pack IC). Conflict-mineral statement per TI CMRT. Halogen-free status not stated on the public product page.
