FPGA & CPLD
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EP20K100ETC144-1N - APEX-20KE FPGA 100K Gates 144-LQFP | Altera
The Altera (Intel) EP20K100ETC144-1N is an APEX-20KE family Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) integrating 53,248 logic elements and 4,160 logic cells in a 144-pin LQFP (Low-profile Quad Flat Pack) package with 92 user I/Os. It is fabricated on a 0.22 µm CMOS process, operates at a 1.8 V core supply, and is rated for commercial operating temperatures of 0 °C to 85 °C. The device is a member of the APEX 20KE multi-level interconnect architecture family, which combines LUT-based logic with embedded array blocks (EABs) for high-density on-chip memory and DSP functions. What is an APEX-20KE FPGA? APEX (Advanced Programmable Embedded Matrix) is Altera's second-generation multi-core architecture family introduced in 1999. The APEX-20KE variant adds faster I/O elements, enhanced PLLs, and 35% higher performance compared to the original APEX-20K family. APEX-20KE devices belong to the broader hierarchy of programmable logic devices (PLDs), which sits within the FPGAs (Field Programmable Gate Arrays) category under digital integrated circuits. Key specifications include 100K system gates, 4,160 logic cells, 92 user I/Os, and embedded array blocks (EABs) that support 32-bit x 2K configurations of dual-port RAM, ROM, and FIFO functions. The device supports in-system programming via the IEEE 1149.1 JTAG interface and IEEE 1532 in-system configurability (ISC), which allows designers to update the configuration bitstream in-circuit without removing the part from the board. The architecture combines four-input look-up tables (LUTs) with embedded array blocks, enabling efficient implementation of wide datapath functions, multipliers, and small-to-medium FIFOs. Configuration can be loaded via passive serial, passive parallel synchronous, passive parallel asynchronous, and active serial modes using Altera serial configuration devices such as the EPC2 or EPC16. Typical applications include telecommunication line cards, multi-channel data acquisition front-ends, glue logic replacement around microprocessors, low-to-medium volume ASIC prototyping, and embedded industrial control. The 144-LQFP package footprint is well-suited for cost-sensitive designs where BGA re-flow and inspection would be prohibitive. Design consideration: when migrating the EP20K100ETC144-1N to newer Intel/Altera families such as Cyclone or MAX, expect different configuration schemes, I/O standards, and Quartus tool support — the legacy APEX 20KE is supported only by the legacy MAX+PLUS II or Quartus II software versions. Allow substantial PCB rework if you must change footprint. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives from the same APEX 20K/20KE family, and practical design notes that are not consolidated in the manufacturer datasheet.
EP20K100ETC144-1X - APEX 20KE FPGA 4160 Cells 144-TQFP | Intel
The Intel EP20K100ETC144-1X is a member of the APEX 20KE programmable logic device family, integrating 4160 logic elements (416 macrocells) with 53,248 typical gates and 92 user I/Os in a 144-pin TQFP package. It is fabricated on a 0.22 µm all-layer copper-metal CMOS process and operates from a 1.8 V core supply with maximum toggle performance rated at 250 MHz. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a reconfigurable integrated circuit that lets designers implement arbitrary digital logic through SRAM-based configuration cells, after the chip has been manufactured. FPGAs sit in the broader hierarchy of programmable logic devices (PLDs) between simple CPLDs (which are gate-array-style and non-volatile) and modern high-end SoC FPGAs with hard CPU cores. The APEX 20KE series specifically combines Look-Up Table (LUT)-based logic with embedded array blocks (EABs) for on-chip memory, making it suitable for data-path and DSP-style glue logic in telecom, networking, and industrial systems. Key specifications of the EP20K100ETC144-1X include 4160 logic elements, 53,248 typical gates, 92 available user I/O pins, a propagation delay figure of 1.6 ns through internal interconnect, 1.8 V core VCC, and a commercial operating temperature grade of 0 °C to 85 °C. The "-1X" speed-grade suffix designates the slowest APEX 20KE timing bin, while the "TC144" suffix denotes the TQFP-144 thermally enhanced gull-wing package. From an architectural standpoint, the device combines a fine-grained LUT fabric with embedded array blocks (EABs) that can be configured as RAM, ROM, or FIFO blocks of up to 2 Kbits each. The LUT-and-EAB hybrid is a hallmark of the APEX 20K family and offers higher effective logic density per square millimetre than pure CPLD architectures when implementing wide datapath functions such as bus interfaces, protocol converters, and state machines. Typical applications for the EP20K100ETC144-1X include glue logic in telecom line cards, industrial control backplanes, PCI bridge and bus-interfaces, protocol converters (UART, I2C, SPI bridges), and low-density DSP pre-processing blocks. The 144-pin TQFP is well-suited to through-hole-style prototyping or rework-friendly assembly, and the commercial temperature range covers most indoor equipment. When designing with this part, engineers should note that the APEX 20KE family is no longer in active production and is supported primarily through the legacy Altera/Intel design flow with the Quartus II toolchain. Designers targeting new designs should evaluate Cyclone IV/V or MAX II equivalents unless footprint compatibility with the existing TQFP-144 PCB is required.
EP20K100ETC144-2N - APEX-20KE FPGA, 100K Gates, 92 I/O | Altera
The Altera (Intel) EP20K100ETC144-2N is an APEX-20KE family Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) integrating 100K system gates, 4160 logic elements, and 53248 bits of embedded RAM, housed in a 144-pin LQFP package with 92 user I/Os. Manufactured on a 0.22 µm all-layer copper-metal process, this FPGA delivers up to 250 MHz core performance and operates from a 1.8 V core supply with multi-voltage I/O support. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor integrated circuit composed of configurable logic blocks (LABs/CLBs), programmable interconnects, and I/O cells that can be re-programmed post-manufacturing to implement arbitrary digital logic. FPGAs sit within the broader hierarchy of programmable logic devices (PLDs), alongside CPLDs (Complex PLDs) and SPLDs (Simple PLDs). The APEX-20KE family specifically combines logic, memory (ESBs - Embedded System Blocks), and high-speed I/O on a single die, targeting data-path and datapath-intensive applications. Compared to CPLDs, FPGAs offer far greater logic density and on-chip memory; compared to ASICs, FPGAs provide rapid prototyping and field re-programmability. Key features of the EP20K100ETC144-2N include 416 LABs/CLBs, 4 ESBs providing dual-port RAM, 263,000 typical gate count, 92 maximum user I/Os, JTAG IEEE 1149.1 boundary-scan, and 1.6 ns propagation delay. The device supports in-system programmability via the FastON connection, and includes clock-lock circuits for PLL-free clock management. Typical applications for the EP20K100ETC144-2N include telecommunications line cards, industrial control systems, and legacy digital design replacement. The 144-pin LQFP footprint makes this part attractive for cost-sensitive, prototype-friendly designs where BGA assembly is impractical. When designing with this device, ensure your logic utilization stays below approximately 70% to preserve timing closure margins. The 144-LQFP package imposes I/O limitations versus BGA variants; consider EP20K100EBC356 or EP20K100EFI672 if higher pin count is required.
EP20K100FC144-1 - APEX-20K FPGA 100K Gates 144-LQFP | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100FC144-1 is a member of the APEX-20K family of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) housed in a 144-pin LQFP (Low-profile Quad Flat Pack) package. The device integrates approximately 100,000 typical gates, 4,160 logic elements (LEs), and 53,248 RAM bits, with 93 user I/O pins. The speed grade "-1" designates the slowest of the three APEX-20K speed grades, optimized for cost-sensitive designs where the highest toggle rates are not required. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable logic device containing an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnect, and dedicated I/O cells. FPGAs belong to the broader category of programmable logic devices (PLDs) and sit between fixed-function ASICs and software-programmable processors in terms of flexibility, performance, and NRE cost. APEX-20K devices are specifically architected for high-density logic and embedded memory applications in telecom, networking, and DSP. Key differentiating features of the EP20K100FC144-1 include the APEX-20K MultiCore architecture combining logic elements, embedded system blocks (ESBs), and FastTrack interconnect in a single device. Each ESB can be configured as a dual-port RAM, FIFO, ROM, or CAM, providing true dual-port memory without consuming general-purpose logic. The device supports 3.3V PCI compliance, JTAG boundary-scan testing, and in-system programmability via the IEEE 1532 standard. The architecture delivers up to 100K typical gates, 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 bits of embedded RAM, and 93 user I/O pins, while operating from a 2.5V core supply with 3.3V PCI-compatible I/O. The 144-pin LQFP package provides a footprint compatible with the entire EP20K100 LQFP-144 family, enabling drop-in migration between EP20K100EFC144-1, EP20K100FC144-1, and EP20K100CFI44 variants. Typical applications include custom DSP datapaths, PCI interface logic, telecommunications glue logic, industrial control systems, and pre-ASIC prototyping. The LQFP-144 package makes the device well suited for low-cost prototype and low-volume production runs where BGA packages would increase assembly cost. When designing with this part, ensure the 2.5V core supply and 3.3V I/O supply are sequenced per the APEX-20K handbook guidelines, and that decoupling capacitors are placed within 5 mm of each power pin. The EP20K100FC144-1 is now in legacy/EOL status; new designs should consider Cyclone-series replacements or check Altera/Intel end-of-life notices for last-time-buy windows. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives from the APEX-20K family, lifecycle guidance, and practical design notes not consolidated in any single manufacturer document.
EP20K100FC144-1X - APEX-20K FPGA 100K Gates 93 I/O | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100FC144-1X is a member of the APEX-20K family of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) with 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 RAM bits, and 93 user I/Os, housed in a 144-pin TQFP (FC) package. The '-1X' speed grade denotes the standard speed bin with industrial temperature range qualification for surface-mount designs. The APEX-20K family combines Look-Up Table (LUT) logic with embedded system blocks for memory and arithmetic, supporting high-density programmable logic at typical densities up to 100,000 system gates. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor integrated circuit built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), interconnect routing, and programmable I/O cells that allow designers to implement arbitrary digital logic via a hardware description language (HDL) and a configuration bitstream. Within the broader taxonomy, FPGAs sit alongside CPLDs in the programmable logic category, which itself falls under Logic ICs, a sub-domain of digital Integrated Circuits. FPGAs are typically used when design requirements exceed the capacity or performance of fixed-function ASICs, microcontrollers, or CPLDs. Key features of the EP20K100FC144-1X include 4,160 logic elements (LEs), 416 Logic Array Blocks (LABs), 53,248 embedded RAM bits, and 93 user I/O pins. The device integrates MultiCore architecture combining LUT-based logic with embedded system blocks (ESBs) usable as either dual-port RAM, ROM, or CAM blocks. The 144-pin TQFP (FC) package supports fine-pitch surface-mount assembly with a 0.5 mm lead pitch. The APEX-20K family is built on a 0.18 µm CMOS process with an SRAM-based configuration cell, requiring a configuration device or microprocessor for bitstream loading on each power-up. The 'C' package suffix indicates a commercial temperature grade (0 °C to +85 °C). I/O standards supported include LVTTL, LVCMOS, PCI, and various LVDS signaling levels via dedicated I/O banks. Typical applications include telecommunications switching, image processing pipelines, industrial control logic, and embedded system glue logic. The 93 available I/Os make it suitable for moderately wide bus interfaces, while the 53 Kbit of embedded RAM supports small FIFOs and state buffers without consuming external memory. When designing with this device, pay attention to configuration scheme selection (Passive Serial, Passive Parallel, or Boundary-Scan) because the configuration interface pins are multiplexed with user I/O after configuration. Power sequencing and decoupling must follow the Altera APEX-20K reference design guidelines. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, same-family Intel FPGA drop-in alternatives, and practical legacy-design guidance not consolidated on any single distributor product page.
EP20K100FC144-2 - APEX-20K FPGA, 4160 LE, 93 I/O, 144-TQFP | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100FC144-2 is a member of the APEX-20K family of Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) integrated circuits, providing 4,160 logic elements, 416 logic array blocks (LABs), and 53,248 bits of embedded RAM in a 144-pin TQFP (20x20 mm) surface-mount package. It supports up to 93 user I/O pins and is fabricated on a 0.18-micron CMOS process, targeting high-density programmable logic applications that require moderate speed grade (-2) and commercial 0C to 85C operating temperature. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that combines the high density of gate arrays with the configurability of logic blocks, allowing hardware designers to implement custom digital circuits after manufacturing. FPGAs sit above CPLDs and PALs in the programmable logic hierarchy, offering 100x to 1000x more logic resources, embedded memory blocks, and high-speed I/O serializers. APEX-20K devices specifically combine look-up table (LUT) logic with embedded dual-port RAM (ESBs - Embedded System Blocks), enabling efficient data-path and datapipelined designs. Within Intel's broader FPGA portfolio, APEX-20K preceded the Cyclone, Arria, and Stratix families, and is now considered a mature legacy platform. Key features of the EP20K100FC144-2 include 4,160 logic elements distributed across 416 LABs, 53,248 bits of embedded system block (ESB) RAM configurable as dual-port SRAM or ROM, and 93 user I/O pins compliant with multiple I/O standards. The device supports multi-level interconnect architecture (MegaLAB structure), four phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management, and JTAG IEEE 1149.1 boundary-scan testing. The -2 speed grade places it in the mid-performance tier of the APEX-20K family, balancing maximum operating frequency against power consumption. Architecturally, the EP20K100FC144-2 uses a MultiCore architecture integrating LUT-based logic, embedded memory, and a network of MegaLAB structures that route signals between LABs, ESBs, and I/O elements. This fabric supports True-LVDS, LVCMOS, LVTTL, SSTL, and GTL+ I/O standards via dedicated I/O banks. Each ESB can be configured as dual-port SRAM up to 4 Kbits, enabling efficient FIFO and cache implementations. The 144-pin TQFP package provides 93 usable I/O pins (some pins are dedicated to power, ground, JTAG, and configuration). Typical applications include telecommunications infrastructure (line cards, multiplexers, protocol bridges), industrial control systems (machine vision, motor controllers, PLCs), test and measurement instrumentation, and legacy embedded computing platforms. It is commonly used as a glue-logic aggregation device or as a flexible I/O expander on PCI, ISA, and VME bus cards. APEX-20K devices are widely deployed in long-lifecycle industrial and military programs where the design has been qualified and the FPGA firmware is stable. When designing with this part, ensure the Quartus II (or MAX+PLUS II) toolchain is available, as newer Quartus Prime versions may not support the APEX-20K family. Verify the 2.5V core supply (VCCINT 2.375V to 2.625V) is well-decoupled with low-ESR bulk and ceramic capacitors placed close to the power pins. Always consult the Altera APEX-20K datasheet for I/O bank configuration rules before finalizing PCB pin assignment. This page consolidates distributor pricing, drop-in same-brand and cross-brand alternatives, and engineering design notes not found in the original manufacturer datasheet - providing additional value for engineers maintaining legacy APEX-20K designs.
EP20K100FC144-2X - APEX-20K FPGA 4160 LE 93 I/O 144-LQFP | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100FC144-2X is a member of the APEX-20K family of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), delivering 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 RAM bits, and 93 programmable I/O pins in a 144-pin LQFP (FC) package. This device integrates LUT-based logic with embedded memory blocks and is designed for high-performance, low-power programmable logic applications requiring medium-density logic capacity. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that allows engineers to implement custom digital circuits through software-defined configuration. FPGAs sit at the top of the programmable logic hierarchy, which flows: programmable logic device (PLD) → CPLD → FPGA → SoC FPGA. APEX-20K devices specifically combine look-up table (LUT) logic, embedded array blocks (EABs) for memory, and FastTrack interconnect, supporting both combinational and sequential digital designs up to several hundred MHz internal performance. Key features of the EP20K100FC144-2X include 416 logic array blocks (LABs/CLBs), 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 bits of embedded RAM distributed across embedded array blocks, and 93 user I/O pins supporting multiple I/O standards. The device operates from a 2.5V core supply and 3.3V/5V-tolerant I/O, and is offered in a commercial grade speed grade -2 with the 'X' suffix indicating an unspecified or variant temperature/process option. The LQFP-144 package is surface-mount friendly and supports standard reflow profiles. The architecture employs a MultiCore interconnect routing fabric that provides predictable timing for high-performance designs, with built-in support for common functions such as FIFOs, CAMs, RAM/ROM, and standard interfaces (PCI, LVDS, etc.) via dedicated IP cores. The 144-LQFP package provides a practical pin count for memory and high-density logic designs while still allowing hand-solderable prototype boards, which is unusual for a programmable logic device of this capacity. Typical applications for this FPGA include telecommunications line cards, industrial control and machine vision pre-processing, glue logic in embedded systems, prototyping for ASIC designs, and low-volume custom DSP/communication pipeline implementations. The combination of moderate logic capacity and 93 I/O makes the EP20K100FC144-2X a strong fit for bridging legacy interfaces to modern processors, particularly where dedicated I/O banks need to support multiple voltage domains. When designing with this part, note that the APEX-20K family is legacy hardware - newer designs should consider Cyclone IV/V or MAX 10. Always use the Quartus II design software (legacy 13.0sp1 or earlier) for synthesis and place-and-route, since modern Quartus releases do not support APEX devices. Ensure the JTAG programming interface is brought out to a 10-pin header for in-system programming and boundary-scan testing. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-package alternatives from the same APEX-20K family, and practical design notes for legacy FPGA procurement not found on the Altera datasheet PDF.
EP20K100FC144-3 - APEX-20K 100K Gate FPGA, 93 I/O, 144-LQFP | Intel/Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100FC144-3 is an APEX-20K family Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with 100,000 typical gates, 4,160 logic elements, and 53,248 bits of embedded RAM, housed in a 144-pin LQFP (Low-profile Quad Flat Pack) package. The device provides 93 user I/O pins and operates at the -3 speed grade, balancing logic density and timing margin for high-performance digital designs. It belongs to the APEX (Advanced Programmable Element Matrix) architecture family, which was Intel/Altera's first-generation multi-core programmable logic platform. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor integrated circuit composed of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and I/O cells that engineers can reprogram post-manufacturing to implement custom digital logic functions. FPGAs sit in the broader programmable logic device (PLD) taxonomy between simple PLDs (SPLDs, e.g., PAL/GAL) and complex PLDs (CPLDs); modern FPGAs occupy the high-density tier and are widely used in digital signal processing, communications, prototyping, and ASIC emulation. The APEX-20K series specifically pioneered embedded memory blocks (ESBs - Embedded System Blocks) and a multi-core architecture combining Look-Up Tables (LUTs) with product-term logic. Key features of the EP20K100FC144-3 include 416 Logic Array Blocks (LABs), 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 RAM bits for distributed or block memory, four Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) for clock management, JTAG-based IEEE 1149.1 boundary-scan testing, and in-system programmability via SRAM configuration. The 144-pin LQFP package (also referenced as 144-TQFP by some distributors) supports 93 user I/O pins operating across multiple I/O standards including LVTTL, LVCMOS, PCI, and SSTL. The device operates from a 2.5V core supply with separate VCCIO banks for I/O flexibility. The architecture combines a fine-grained LUT-based logic fabric with embedded memory and a high-speed interconnect network, enabling designs up to 100K system gates at sustained internal clock rates typically in the 100-180 MHz range. The embedded system blocks (ESBs) provide dual-port RAM, FIFO, and CAM functions, reducing the need for external memory in data-path applications. Four PLLs support clock multiplication, division, and phase shifting across the device. Typical applications include high-speed digital signal processing, telecommunications infrastructure, network routers and switches, industrial control and automation, and ASIC prototyping. The 93 I/O count suits medium-complexity bus bridging and glue logic tasks. Designers use the Altera Quartus II (or legacy MAX+PLUS II) development software for synthesis, place-and-route, and timing analysis. When designing with this device, plan for 5V-tolerant I/O via the VCCIO bank configuration and ensure decoupling capacitors are placed close to each supply pin. The LQFP-144 footprint requires careful PCB thermal management: although the package's thermal resistance is moderate, sustained high-toggle-rate designs should verify junction temperature with the manufacturer's thermal model. Legacy software (MAX+PLUS II) may be required for compatibility with pre-Quartus design files.
EP20K100FC196-1X - 100K-Gate APEX-20K FPGA, 196-BGA | Altera/Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100FC196-1X is a member of the APEX 20K family of programmable logic devices, providing approximately 100,000 typical gates in a 196-ball FineLine BGA package with a -1 speed grade. The APEX 20K family combines look-up-table (LUT)-based logic elements with embedded array blocks (EABs) for memory and specialty functions, making it suitable for system-on-a-chip style integration. The device is built on a 0.18-micron CMOS SRAM process and supports in-system programmability via the IEEE 1149.1 JTAG interface plus the passive serial configuration scheme. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable logic device that contains an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and dedicated I/O and memory resources. FPGAs belong to the broader category of programmable logic devices (PLDs) which also includes CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices); FPGAs typically offer higher logic density and richer on-chip memory than CPLDs, at the cost of non-volatile configuration (SRAM-based FPGAs require a configuration memory at every power-up). The APEX 20K family sits at the intersection of FPGA and CPLD architectures, sometimes described as a "programmable logic device with embedded memory." Key features of the EP20K100FC196-1X include a multi-voltage I/O bank structure (1.8V/2.5V/3.3V PCI-compatible interface support), dedicated high-speed interconnect (MultiTrack Interconnect), embedded array blocks that can be configured as RAM, ROM, or FIFO, and built-in clock-management circuitry. The -1X suffix indicates an industrial temperature range with the slowest of the APEX 20K speed grades, trading timing margin for cost savings in non-timing-critical designs. Typical applications include telecommunications line cards, industrial control and factory automation, ASIC prototyping, glue logic integration around microprocessors, and legacy system upgrades. Because the APEX 20K family has been in long-term production and is supported by the Quartus II design software (with project-import paths from MAX+PLUS II), it remains popular for maintenance of installed industrial and telecom systems. When designing with this device, ensure that the configuration memory (typically an EPC2 or EPC8 serial configuration device, or a microcontroller-driven passive serial stream) is correctly sized for the chosen bitstream compression mode, and that the JTAG chain order is preserved across multi-device boards. The 196-BGA package requires careful PCB layout to maintain signal integrity on the high-speed MultiTrack interconnect.
EP20K100FC196-2X - APEX 20K FPGA, 196-Ball BGA | Intel
The Intel EP20K100FC196-2X is an APEX 20K family field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with 4,160 logic elements, supplied in a 196-ball FineLine BGA (FC196) package. The part is an Altera heritage device now carried under Intel Programmable Solutions Group, and it was widely used in mid-density programmable logic designs that require custom datapaths, protocol bridging, and moderate I/O count. An FPGA is an integrated circuit whose logic fabric can be reconfigured after manufacturing using a hardware description language such as VHDL or Verilog. Unlike fixed-function ASICs, FPGAs consist of programmable logic blocks, interconnect resources, and I/O elements arranged to implement arbitrary digital functions. The APEX 20K family is one of the classic Altera FPGA families that used look-up-table (LUT) logic and hierarchical routing to balance capacity, performance, and flexibility for system-level integration. Key features of the EP20K100FC196-2X are its 4,160 logic elements, the 196-ball BGA package, and the -2X speed-grade ordering option. The FC196 package provides a compact array footprint and good thermal behavior compared with QFP packages of the same era. The device is part of the broader EP20K100 family, which includes different package and speed variants designed for communications, industrial control, and test equipment applications. Architecturally, the APEX 20K family was built around programmable logic elements arranged into logic array blocks, with embedded memory support in several family members. The EP20K100 device in the FC196 form factor enables board-level integration without an external microprocessor, implementing functions such as address decoding, protocol conversion, and parallel processing in programmable logic. Exact embedded memory bits and user I/O counts vary by package option and are detailed in the Intel/Altera APEX 20K documentation. Typical applications for the EP20K100FC196-2X include telecom line-card control logic, industrial motion-control interfaces, and test-and-measurement front-end signal processing. Its large BGA pin count supports wide parallel buses and multiple peripheral devices, while the APEX 20K architecture suits synchronous design flows and HDL simulation-based verification. One important design consideration is lifecycle: the EP20K100 family is legacy/obsolete and not recommended for new designs. Engineers must source remaining stock, verify configuration bitstream compatibility, and consider last-time-buy inventory. If an existing production design uses the -2X speed-grade part, a drop-in speed-grade variant such as the EP20K100FC196-1X can be used after timing re-verification. This page synthesizes distributor stock references, speed-grade drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes for the EP20K100FC196-2X, augmenting the limited marketing information available from legacy sources. It is intended for engineers evaluating ECO replacement options and supply-chain teams managing APEX 20K EOL transitions.
EP20K100FC324-1 - APEX-20K FPGA 4160 LE 252 I/O | Altera
The Altera EP20K100FC324-1 is an APEX-20K field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 bits of embedded RAM, and 252 user I/Os, supplied in a 324-ball BGA (FC324) package. It implements Altera's MultiCore architecture, combining look-up table (LUT) logic, product-term logic, and embedded memory blocks, making it suitable for a wide range of programmable system-integration applications. What is an FPGA? A field-programmable gate array is a semiconductor device containing configurable logic blocks, programmable interconnects, and often embedded memory. Unlike ASICs, an FPGA is configured after manufacturing by loading a hardware description or configuration bitstream, allowing rework and field updates. In the system hierarchy, FPGAs sit between CPLDs and ASICs: they provide higher logic density and more embedded memory than a CPLD, while offering faster time-to-market and reconfigurability compared with custom silicon. The EP20K100FC324-1 belongs to the 2.5-V APEX-20K family and requires an external configuration device such as an Altera EPC2 or EPC16. Key features of the EP20K100FC324-1 include 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 total RAM bits, and 252 user I/Os. The APEX-20K MultiCore architecture integrates LUT-based logic, product-term logic, and embedded memory in one device, allowing functions such as state machines, arithmetic datapaths, small FIFOs, and dual-port RAM to be implemented close together. The FC324 package provides a square 324-ball BGA footprint, enabling dense board integration while preserving a practical number of user pins. Technically, the EP20K100FC324-1 is a commercial-temperature APEX-20K FPGA. The core is specified at 2.5 V, and the device is configured from internal SRAM cells after power-up. Because SRAM-based FPGAs are volatile, a configuration PROM, EPC device, or host processor is required to load the design at every power cycle. The device also supports JTAG-based configuration and in-system programming, which simplifies board-level test and debug. Typical applications include telecommunications line-card bridging, industrial control glue logic, protocol conversion, ASIC prototyping, and video/broadcast processing. The 252 user I/Os and embedded memory allow designers to replace multiple discrete logic and memory devices with a single programmable device, reducing board area and BOM complexity. When designing with the EP20K100FC324-1, pay attention to the 2.5-V core supply decoupling and to the external configuration interface: keep the configuration device close to the FPGA, terminate CONF_DONE and nSTATUS pull-ups correctly, and follow the BGA escape routing recommendations from the Altera package guidelines. This page synthesizes distributor availability, same-package drop-in ordering variants, and practical design guidance for the EP20K100FC324-1, providing sourcing and engineering context beyond a bare datasheet listing.
EP20K100FC324-1V - 100K Gates APEX-20K FPGA, 324-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100FC324-1V is a member of the APEX-20K® family of MultiCore field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) housed in a 324-ball FineLine BGA package (324-FBGA, 19x19 mm). It integrates 53,248 bits of embedded SRAM, 4,160 logic elements, 252 user I/O pins, and is offered in the -1V (commercial, faster) speed grade with a 2.5 V core supply (2.375 V to 2.625 V). The device combines look-up table (LUT) logic, product-term logic, and embedded memory in a single programmable fabric to support high-density system integration. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable logic device that lets engineers implement arbitrary digital logic, state machines, and datapath functions in silicon that can be reconfigured after PCB assembly. APEX-20K devices belong to the high-density programmable logic device (PLD) class, sitting above traditional CPLDs in logic capacity and below ASICs in unit cost at low volume. Within the system hierarchy they are categorized as programmable logic -> programmable logic device -> logic IC -> integrated circuit (IC) -> semiconductor. Key features include 100,000 typical gates, four Phase-Locked Loops (PLUs) for clock management, support for LVCMOS, LVTTL, PCI, SSTL, and GTL+ I/O standards, and embedded array blocks (EABs) for memory-intensive functions such as FIFO buffers and RAM/ROM. The -1V speed grade delivers faster Fmax than the -1 base speed grade for designs with tight timing margins. Fast on-chip interconnect and a rich IP library (PCI, CAM, FIFO, multipliers) accelerate development of communication, networking, and DSP subsystems. The MultiCore architecture combines a logic array, embedded array blocks, and FastTrack interconnect in one fabric, eliminating the need for separate logic and memory devices. Each EAB provides up to 2,048 bits of dual-port RAM, and the interconnect is segmented to minimize routing delay between neighboring logic elements. JTAG (IEEE 1149.1) boundary-scan testing and in-system programmability simplify board-level debug and field upgrades. Typical applications include telecommunications line cards, ASIC prototyping, DSP datapath acceleration, high-speed bus interfaces, and glue logic consolidation. The 252 user I/Os easily accommodate 32-bit/64-bit parallel buses and multiple serial channels. The 324-FBGA package is suitable for high-density multilayer PCBs where signal integrity demands controlled-impedance routing and short stub lengths. When designing with the EP20K100FC324-1V, plan power sequencing for VCCINT (2.5 V) and VCCIO (3.3 V/2.5 V) rails and provide bulk decoupling within 100 mils of each supply pin. Confirm Quartus II (or MAX+PLUS II) tool support for the -1V speed grade and simulate timing closure before tapeout, since speed-grade migration to -2X or -3N is possible but requires re-validation. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives within the same 324-FBGA footprint, and practical design notes for the APEX-20K® EP20K100 family not found in the original datasheet alone.
EP20K100FC324-2 - APEX 20K 100K Gates FPGA | Intel / Altera
The Intel / Altera EP20K100FC324-2 is an APEX 20K family Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) delivering 100K equivalent gates and 4,160 logic cells, housed in a 324-ball Fine-pitch Ball Grid Array (FBGA) package. It is fabricated on a 0.22 µm CMOS technology with a 2.5 V core supply, supports 252 user I/Os, and targets high-performance programmable logic designs. What is an FPGA? A Field Programmable Gate Array is a programmable logic device (PLD) whose logic, interconnect, and I/O behavior are defined by a user-supplied configuration bitstream rather than hard-wired mask layers. APEX 20K belongs to the broader category hierarchy PLD -> CPLD/FPGA -> programmable logic -> integrated circuit, and combines gate-array-style Look-Up Table (LUT) logic with embedded dual-port RAM blocks, making it suitable for complex datapath and glue-logic designs. Key features of the EP20K100FC324-2 include 4,160 logic elements, an internal 200 MHz core performance figure, a 1.6 ns propagation delay, and a high-density BGA footprint with 252 available I/Os. The device supports in-system configuration via the Altera (now Intel) Quartus / MAX+PLUS II toolchain, and provides JTAG boundary-scan compliance for board-level testability. The architecture is built around Logic Array Blocks (LABs) containing multiple Logic Elements (LEs) and an embedded memory plane that can be partitioned into dual-port RAM, ROM, or FIFO blocks. The 0.22 µm process combined with APEX 20K's MultiCore interconnect delivers faster timing closure than the original APEX family, while preserving the parallel programmable fabric required for high-throughput glue logic. Typical applications include telecom interface cards, custom peripheral controllers, mid-density bus-bridging logic, and legacy industrial control designs where APEX 20K bitstreams are already field-deployed. The 252 I/Os also suit high-pin-count glue-logic between microprocessors and parallel peripherals. When designing with this part, ensure your EDA flow targets the APEX 20K device family and that the configuration PROM (typically EPC/EPCS) is sized to the bitstream. Because the EP20K100FC324-2 is a mature device, validate long-term availability against your program's lifecycle requirements. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, package diagrams, and drop-in alternative guidance that complements the manufacturer datasheet, helping engineers quickly verify fit for legacy APEX 20K designs.
EP20K100FC324-2V - APEX 20K 100K Gates FPGA, 324-FBGA | Altera
The Altera EP20K100FC324-2V is a member of the APEX 20K programmable logic family, integrating 100,000 gates, 416 macrocells, and 53,248 bits of embedded memory in a 324-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA) package measuring 19x19 mm with 1.0 mm ball pitch. Operating from a 1.71 V to 1.89 V core supply (1.8 V nominal) with LVDS I/O support, the device uses Altera's MultiCore architecture that combines lookup-table (LUT) logic, product-term logic, and embedded memory blocks on a single die. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable logic device that integrates configurable logic blocks, programmable interconnect, and I/O elements. The APEX 20K family belongs to the broader hierarchy of programmable logic devices (PLDs), which also includes CPLDs. FPGAs sit at the high-density end of the PLD spectrum, supporting system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) integration of logic, memory, and sometimes dedicated multipliers or transceivers. APEX 20K was Altera's first family to combine LUT and product-term fabrics, making it suited for register-intensive datapaths alongside combinatorial glue logic. The EP20K100FC324-2V provides 252 user I/O pins plus 4 dedicated inputs, delivering up to 256 total inputs and 252 outputs. It is built on a 0.22 micrometer CMOS process and supports system clock rates up to 167 MHz. The device is designed for SOPC integration, combining multiple logic and memory functions on one programmable die. Typical applications include telecommunications line cards, network switches and routers, industrial control systems, automotive telematics (pre-AEC-Q100 era), DSP pre-processing, and PCI/PCI-X bridge designs. The 324-FBGA package offers high pin density suitable for board-constrained designs where 252 I/Os are needed in a compact footprint. When designing with this device, consider that APEX 20K is a mature, legacy Altera family now supported only through the Rochester Electronics last-time-buy channel and aftermarket distributors. Designers targeting new designs should evaluate modern Altera/Intel Cyclone IV/V or equivalent families; this part is best reserved for sustaining legacy systems.
EP20K100FC324-2X - APEX 20K FPGA 100K Gates 324-BGA | Intel / Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100FC324-2X is a member of the APEX-20K family of Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), integrating 100,000 gates and 4,160 logic elements into a 324-ball FineLine BGA package. It is fabricated on a 0.22 µm CMOS process, operates from a 2.5 V core supply, and delivers up to 252 user I/Os with system performance up to 200 MHz. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable logic device that combines configurable logic blocks, programmable interconnect, and dedicated I/O cells, allowing engineers to implement custom digital circuits after PCB fabrication. FPGAs sit within the semiconductor hierarchy between ASICs and CPLDs, offering higher density and speed than CPLDs while preserving the reprogrammability that ASICs lack. The APEX-20K series was Altera's first family to embed MultiCore architecture, pairing look-up-table based logic elements with embedded array blocks (EABs) for on-chip memory. Key features of the EP20K100FC324-2X include 4,160 logic elements, 100K typical gates (263K maximum system gates), 53,248 bits of embedded RAM distributed across embedded array blocks, and 252 programmable user I/O pins supporting multiple I/O standards such as LVTTL, LVCMOS, PCI, and SSTL. The device supports in-system programmability through the IEEE 1149.1 JTAG interface and is configured via a serial or parallel configuration scheme. The architecture combines four-input look-up-table logic elements, embedded array blocks for synchronous RAM/ROM, and FastTrack interconnect for predictable timing. The -2X speed grade offers an internal propagation delay around 1.6 ns per logic element, enabling the 200 MHz system clock operation advertised by the manufacturer. Typical applications for this FPGA include glue logic for telecom line cards, custom interface bridging (PCI to local bus), digital signal processing front-ends, industrial control and instrumentation, and legacy replacement of multiple 74-series TTL devices. The wide I/O count also makes it useful for video processing and parallel data acquisition. When designing with this part, ensure the 2.5 V core and 3.3 V I/O supplies are properly sequenced, the configuration EPROM or JTAG loader is correctly wired, and decoupling follows the manufacturer's reference schematic. This device has reached end-of-life; new designs should consider Cyclone or Cyclone II families.
EP20K100FC324-3 - APEX 20K 100K Gates FPGA 324-FBGA | Intel
The Intel EP20K100FC324-3 is a member of the APEX 20K family of programmable logic devices (PLDs) manufactured on a 0.22 µm CMOS process, delivering 100K system gates and 4,160 logic elements in a 324-pin Fine-pitch Ball Grid Array (FBGA) package with 252 user I/O pins. The device operates from a 2.5 V core supply, supports a maximum internal clock frequency of 167 MHz, and is specified for the commercial 0 °C to 85 °C temperature range. The -3 speed grade identifies the slowest of the APEX 20K speed bins and is intended for cost-sensitive applications where timing margins are relaxed. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that combines configurable logic blocks, programmable interconnect, and embedded memory arrays on a single die. Within the broader semiconductor taxonomy, FPGAs sit under programmable logic -> logic ICs -> integrated circuits. The APEX 20K family further extends the FPGA concept by integrating dedicated Look-Up Table (LUT) logic with Embedded System Blocks (ESBs) that can be configured as dual-port RAM, ROM, or CAM, allowing designers to implement system-on-chip glue logic, bus interfaces, and DSP datapaths in a single device. Key features of the EP20K100FC324-3 include 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 RAM bits organized across embedded system blocks, 252 user I/Os, multi-voltage I/O support for interfacing with 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, and 5 V buses, and in-system programmability via an IEEE 1149.1 JTAG interface. The architecture exposes a four-level hierarchical routing network with dedicated clock trees and phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management. Compared with the APEX 20KE successor family, the original APEX 20K silicon uses a 0.22 µm process node, whereas 20KE moves to 0.15 µm all-layer copper to deliver roughly 35 % higher performance. Typical applications include telecommunications backplane glue logic, industrial control and machine automation, military and aerospace signal processing, embedded DSP pre-/post-processing, and PCI bus bridge designs. The wide I/O count and embedded memory also make the part suitable for protocol bridging between legacy microprocessors and modern peripherals. When designing with the EP20K100FC324-3, use the Altera Quartus II (legacy) or MAX+PLUS II development toolchain and verify that the -3 speed grade meets timing closure for the target fMAX. Note that the APEX 20K family has been superseded by newer Stratix and Cyclone device families, and long-term production parts are typically serviced through licensed franchises such as Rochester Electronics.
EP20K100FC324-3V - APEX 20K FPGA, 100K Gates, 324-BGA | Altera
The Altera (Intel Programmable Solutions Group) EP20K100FC324-3V is a member of the APEX 20K family of field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) delivering 100,000 system gates, 4,160 logic elements, and 53,248 bits of embedded memory in a 324-pin FineLine BGA (FBGA) package. Built on a 0.22 µm CMOS process and powered by a 2.5 V core supply, the device integrates MultiCore architecture combining lookup-table (LUT) logic, product-term logic, and embedded system blocks (ESBs) for true system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) integration. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device whose digital logic and routing are defined after manufacturing by the end user, sitting in the broader taxonomy of programmable logic devices (PLDs) -> programmable logic -> logic ICs -> integrated circuits. FPGAs are typically deployed in parallel processing, high-bandwidth data path, and glue-logic roles where microcontrollers or fixed-function ASICs lack the required throughput, IO flexibility, or time-to-market. APEX 20K extends PLDs beyond glue logic by integrating dedicated memory and product-term resources on die. Key features include 252 user I/O pins, a 252-bit internal configuration, and a 3.6 ns pin-to-pin delay grade (-3V speed grade). The 324-FBGA (19 x 19 mm) package supports high-density board integration and full MultiCore architecture for register-intensive and datapath designs. The 4,160 logic elements are organized as 416 LABs/CLBs, enabling both fine-grained state machines and wide datapath functions in a single device. The MultiCore fabric combines an LUT-based logic array, an embedded memory array (ESBs), and a product-term plane optimized for fast arithmetic, FIFO, and CAM functions. The 0.22 µm process with 2.5 V core and 1.71 V to 1.89 V supply range provides a balance of integration density and I/O performance, with LVDS-capable I/O support on selected banks for high-speed serial links. Typical applications include communications infrastructure (line cards, bridges, routers), industrial control and instrumentation, DSP co-processing, and PCI/embedded processor bridges. The combination of embedded memory, fast IO, and SOPC integration suits designs where a microcontroller cannot meet throughput and an ASIC is not justified by volume. When designing with this device, plan pin assignments against the 324-FBGA escape routing and verify the Quartus toolchain supports the -3V speed grade. The APEX 20K family is mature and on a long-term support track; verify long-term supply with the manufacturer before high-volume commitment. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet, intended as an engineering supplement to the official Altera documentation.
EP20K100QC208-1 - APEX 20K FPGA 100K Gates 208-Pin PQFP | Altera
The Altera EP20K100QC208-1 is an APEX 20K family Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with 100K equivalent gates, 4160 logic elements, and a maximum core frequency of 250 MHz, housed in a 208-pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) tray package. It is manufactured on a 0.22 µm (some sources cite 0.15 µm all-layer copper) CMOS process and operates from a 2.5 V core supply. The device integrates an embedded array block architecture that pairs look-up-table (LUT) logic with dedicated memory blocks, enabling efficient implementation of wide datapaths, FIFOs, and on-chip RAM. The PQFP-208 pinout exposes up to 159 user I/Os, providing generous connectivity for parallel buses and standard digital interfaces. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable logic device that combines configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and I/O cells on a single silicon die. In the broader taxonomy, an FPGA sits inside the programmable logic category alongside CPLDs, and above that the integrated circuit (IC) hierarchy. APEX 20K devices are SRAM-based, meaning configuration data must be loaded from an external PROM or microcontroller at every power-up, which makes them reprogrammable in-system but volatile. The "20K" prefix in the family name indicates the use of MegaLAB structures that combine multiple Logic Array Blocks (LABs) for higher density. Key features of the EP20K100QC208-1 include 26,624 typical gates, 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 bits of embedded RAM distributed across embedded array blocks, 4 phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock synthesis, and multi-standard I/O support including LVTTL, LVCMOS, PCI, and GTL+. The -1 speed grade corresponds to the slowest of the three available grades (-1, -2, -3) for the APEX 20K family, offering a tPD of about 1.6 ns as cited in third-party datasheet summaries. The 2.5 V core is supplemented by separate VCCIO banks that can be powered to interface with 3.3 V, 2.5 V, or 1.8 V logic families. Architecturally, the EP20K100QC208-1 is built around MegaLAB columns that group 16 LABs and one embedded system block (ESB). Each ESB can be configured as either dual-port RAM, single-port RAM, ROM, or product-term logic, giving designers a flexible mix of LUT-based and product-term-based resources on the same die. The four PLLs support clock multiplication, division, phase shifting, and external feedback, which is essential for source-synchronous interfaces and frequency synthesis. Typical applications for the EP20K100QC208-1 include telecommunication line cards, industrial control and factory automation, medical imaging front-ends, networking switches and routers, and legacy PCI bus bridges. Designers choose APEX 20K for mid-density glue-logic consolidation, bus-interface bridging, or prototyping designs destined for Altera's higher-density Stratix or Cyclone families. When designing with this part, note that PQFP-208 has a relatively large 28 x 28 mm footprint and 0.5 mm lead pitch, requiring a multilayer PCB with sufficient via density. The SRAM-based configuration needs a serial or parallel configuration PROM such as the EPC2 or EPC16, and the JTAG chain must include the EPC device for in-system programming support. This page synthesizes distributor stock and pricing, pin-compatible APEX 20K drop-in alternatives from the Site MPN list, and practical design notes for legacy systems not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
EP20K100QC208-1N - 100K APEX 20K FPGA, 208-PQFP | Intel
The Intel EP20K100QC208-1N is a member of the APEX 20K family of programmable logic devices (PLDs), delivering 100K typical gates and 4,160 logic elements in a 208-pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) package with 0.5 mm terminal pitch. The device combines fine-grain logic, embedded system blocks (ESBs) for memory, and high-speed I/O in a single chip fabricated on a 0.22 µm CMOS process. A speed grade of -1 places it among the highest-performance members of the APEX 20K family, supporting up to 250 MHz internal operation. A programmable logic device (PLD) is a semiconductor whose logic function is defined by user-loaded configuration data rather than by factory mask programming. Within that hierarchy, a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) such as the APEX 20K contains an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), routing resources, and I/O cells. The APEX 20K family further introduced embedded system blocks that provide dual-port RAM, content-addressable memory, and product-term logic, blurring the line between FPGA and complex PLD (CPLD). The 'QC208' suffix denotes the 208-pin PQFP package, while '-1N' indicates the -1 speed grade in a commercial 0–85 °C temperature range. Key features include 159 usable user I/Os, four dedicated fast inputs for high-fanout clocking, on-chip phase-locked loops for clock multiplication and deskew, and JTAG-based in-system programmability (ISP). The 2.5 V core supply (VCCINT) is supported by a multi-voltage I/O ring that can be configured for 2.5 V, 3.3 V, or 5 V interfaces using separate VCCIO banks. Embedded system blocks deliver up to 53 Kbits of dual-port RAM while remaining bit-stream-compatible with the APEX 20KE generation. Architecturally, the EP20K100 partitions into MegaLAB structures that each contain 16 logic elements and one ESB. Carry-chain and cascade-chain interconnects accelerate arithmetic and wide fan-in functions, while MultiTrack routing provides predictable timing closure for high-speed designs. The device is in-system programmable through the IEEE 1149.1 (JTAG) port, supporting background reconfiguration without halting the application. Typical applications include telecommunications line cards, industrial control and machine vision, military and avionics signal processing, and prototyping of ASIC functionality. The 208-pin PQFP package is hand-solderable and socket-compatible, making the part a popular choice for legacy designs and lab validation. The EP20K100QC208-1N is also commonly used as a glue-logic replacement for multiple 74-series TTL devices. When designing with this device, verify the Quartus or MAX+PLUS II toolchain supports the targeted density and that JTAG chain provisioning is allocated on the board. The 208-pin PQFP offers fewer I/Os than the BGA-652 variant of the same silicon, so designers migrating between packages must re-validate pin assignments. For new designs, Intel recommends the Cyclone series instead. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone, including source-traced specifications, EOL-aware cross references, and AEO-optimized answers to the questions procurement and design engineers actually ask.
EP20K100QC208-2 APEX-20K FPGA 263K Gate 4160 LE | Altera
The Altera EP20K100QC208-2 is a 263,000-gate APEX-20K Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) containing 4,160 logic elements, 416 LABs, 53,248 RAM bits, and 159 user I/Os, supplied in a 208-pin BFQFP/PQFP surface-mount package and rated for the 0 °C to 85 °C commercial operating range. Mouser and DigiKey list the device as an APEX-20K programmable logic device with 4,160 logic elements/cells and 159 I/O pins, while Rochester Electronics supplies the legacy Altera inventory. An FPGA is an integrated circuit whose logic blocks and interconnect can be reconfigured after manufacturing, allowing hardware functions to be changed in the field or during development. The APEX-20K family occupies the programmable-logic space between CPLDs and larger array FPGAs: it combines moderate logic density, embedded memory, and wide I/O for applications such as communication bridging, industrial control, video processing, and test equipment. This EP20K100QC208-2 is an early-2000s Altera architecture now handled mainly through legacy-stock distributors. The key features of EP20K100QC208-2 include 263,000 typical gates, 4160 logic elements, 416 LABs/CLBs, 53,248 total RAM bits, and 159 user I/O pins. The 208-lead BFQFP package enables dense board layouts with a square 28x28 mm body and gull-wing terminals. The -2 speed grade is the mainstream mid-speed ordering option in the original APEX-20K QC208 group, widely used in legacy telecom, industrial, and measurement platforms where the design is already fitted to this exact footprint. The APEX-20K architecture uses a programmable logic core with JTAG-based in-system configuration and supports external configuration devices. The logic elements are grouped in LABs, giving a predictable route from HDL synthesis to place-and-route. With 159 I/Os, the device can bridge processor buses, memory interfaces, and peripheral logic, while the embedded RAM bits are useful for FIFOs and small frame buffers without external SRAM. Typical applications include legacy telecommunication line-card glue logic, industrial control I/O expansion, broadcast video format bridging, test-and-measurement instrument logic, and educational FPGA prototyping. Because this is an older programmable-logic device, most current demand is for maintaining existing production systems, replacing failed boards, or supporting installed equipment rather than for new high-volume designs. Designers must verify the exact VCC specification from the authoritative APEX-20K datasheet; one distributor listing on the 2026-09-07 search shows 1.71 V to 1.89 V, while Altera ordering conventions for a non-E APEX-20K often imply a 2.5 V family device. Use adequate VCC decoupling and confirm the configuration-device interface before committing a repair or bridged design. This page aggregates distributor availability, package data, drop-in QC208 alternatives, and practical legacy-design notes not found in a plain manufacturer datasheet, helping engineers and buyers source this obsolete FPGA with more confidence.
EP20K100QC208-2X - APEX 20KE 100K Gates FPGA 208PQFP | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100QC208-2X is a member of the APEX 20KE programmable logic device family that delivers 100,000 system gates, 4,160 logic elements, and 53,248 bits of embedded memory in a 208-pin Power QFP (PQFP/BQFP) package. The device operates from a 2.375 V to 2.625 V core supply (1.8 V I/O standard variant) and supports 159 user I/O with multi-voltage I/O capability, making it suitable for mixed-voltage system designs. The "QC208" package suffix denotes the 208-pin plastic QFP form factor, while "-2X" indicates the speed grade and lead-free / extended temperature option. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device containing an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnect, and I/O cells that the user can re-program after manufacture to implement arbitrary digital logic. The APEX 20KE family pioneered the MultiCore architecture, integrating look-up table (LUT) logic, product-term logic, and embedded system blocks (ESBs) on a single die - this combination enabled SOPC (System-on-a-Programmable-Chip) integration before that term became mainstream. FPGAs sit hierarchically under programmable logic devices (PLDs) and above fixed-function ASICs in the digital design taxonomy. Key features of the EP20K100QC208-2X include the MultiCore architecture combining LUT and product-term logic, 53248 bits of embedded SRAM distributed across embedded system blocks, four Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) for clock management, and LVDS-compatible I/O support at 1.8 V. The 0.22-micron CMOS process node and 2.5 V core supply deliver a balance of density and power efficiency for the era. With 159 user I/O and a 200 MHz internal performance target, the device bridges moderate-density logic integration with high pin-count board-level connectivity. Typical applications include telecommunications line-card interface logic, industrial control glue logic, peripheral bridging (PCI to local bus), custom DSP co-processors, and pre-silicon prototyping for ASIC designs. Engineers often deploy the APEX 20KE in legacy systems where the part has already been qualified into long-lifecycle equipment. The 208 PQFP form factor also supports hand-soldering and inspection workflows that fine-pitch BGA packages cannot accommodate, which matters for low-volume or ruggedized programs. When designing with this device, use the Altera Quartus II (MAX+PLUS II for legacy flows) design toolchain for synthesis, place-and-route, and bitstream generation. Pay close attention to I/O bank voltage grouping and supply decoupling - the 2.5 V core and multiple I/O voltages each require their own bypass network. The device is now classified as a legacy / mature product, so confirm long-term supply with the manufacturer before committing to new designs. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, package cross-reference, and practical design considerations drawn from the original APEX 20KE datasheet family - context that manufacturer datasheets alone do not aggregate into a single comparison view.
EP20K100QC208-3N - APEX 20K FPGA, 100K Gates | Intel
The Intel (Altera) EP20K100QC208-3N is an APEX 20K programmable logic device providing 100K system gates, 4,160 logic elements/cells, and 159 user I/O pins in a 208-pin QFP package. It is part of the Altera APEX 20K family, operating from a 2.5 V core supply and offering a typical clock-performance class of 167 MHz according to Intel/Altera distributor summary data. What is an FPGA/CPLD programmable logic device? An FPGA, or field-programmable gate array, is an integrated circuit containing programmable logic blocks and programmable interconnects that can be configured after manufacturing. CPLD, or complex programmable logic device, is a denser programmable logic architecture often used in glue logic and control applications. The APEX 20K family occupies a hybrid position in this hierarchy, providing gate-array-like densities with programmable logic elements, embedded memory, and I/O flexibility. In a system hierarchy, this part sits between small CPLDs, such as MAX 7000 devices, and large transceiver-based FPGAs, giving designers a medium-density programmable-logic solution for parallel processing and bus interfacing. Key features include 100K gates, 4,160 logic cells, 159 user I/Os, 208 terminals with gull-wing construction, and a 2.5 V core supply. The QFP package code is FQFP with a square body, making it well suited for through-board-level integration on traditional surface-mount assembly lines. The N suffix in the ordering code indicates the lead-free device version, an important factor for RoHS-sensitive production environments. This device supports the APEX 20K architecture, which combines look-up table logic, product-term macrocells, and ESB embedded-system blocks. Technical depth for this part comes from the APEX 20K family architecture and its 0.22 um fabrication process. The device is listed as a LOADABLE PLD by distribution parametric systems, with terminal form of gull wing and package shape square. As a -3 speed grade, it sits below the faster -1 and -2 speed-bin variants in the same package family. Typical performance of 167 MHz in the APEX 20K family gives the EP20K100QC208-3N enough headroom for many communication-bridge, industrial-control, and display-interface applications, although exact achievable fMAX depends on the design, routing, I/O loading, and timing constraints. EP20K100QC208-3N is applicable in telecommunications line-card termination, networking protocol bridging, industrial control boards, test instrumentation, and embedded video/image capture paths where medium-density programmable logic with 159 I/Os is sufficient. Because it has no high-speed serial transceivers, it is most appropriate for parallel bus logic, address decoding, state-machine control, data buffering, and interface adaptation. The 2.5 V core and QFP package allow straightforward power-plane design and conventional PCB fan-out. A key design consideration is configuration memory: APEX 20K devices are SRAM-based and require an external configuration EPROM or download cable at power-up. Use an Altera EPC2 or EPC16 configuration device, or a JTAG-based configuration controller, and confirm that the configuration voltage and I/O-bank voltages match the surrounding system. The -3N lead-free finish should be reflected in the solder profile used during board assembly. This page synthesizes distributor listings, package attributes, drop-in speed-grade alternatives, and practical design notes for the EP20K100QC208-3N. It adds information-gain value beyond a bare datasheet by consolidating live availability, cross-reference candidates, and selection guidance in one structured format.
EP20K100QC240-1 - APEX 20K FPGA 100K Gates 240-PQFP | Intel
The Intel EP20K100QC240-1 is a member of the APEX 20K family of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), integrating 100,000 typical gates and 4,160 logic elements (LEs) into a 240-pin Plastic Quad Flat Pack (PQFP) surface-mount package. Built on a 0.22 µm CMOS process with a 2.5 V core supply, it delivers a maximum internal clock frequency of 250 MHz and supports 189 user I/O pins, making it suitable for high-density glue-logic, bus-interface, and DSP pre-processing applications in telecom, industrial, and embedded systems. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that allows designers to configure digital logic blocks and interconnect after manufacture. Within the broader taxonomy, an FPGA sits between a CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) and an ASIC (Application-Specific Integrated Circuit): more flexible than an ASIC and higher density than a CPLD. The APEX 20K series introduced embedded dual-port RAM blocks and a MultiCore architecture combining look-up tables (LUTs) with product-term logic, allowing a single device to replace discrete SRAM, ROM, and glue logic on legacy system boards. Key features of the EP20K100QC240-1 include 4,160 logic elements, 53,248 RAM bits, 189 maximum user I/O, a -1 speed grade targeting 250 MHz Fmax, JTAG-based IEEE 1149.1 boundary-scan support, and in-system programmability via the Altera (now Intel) Quartus and MAX+PLUS II toolchains. The 2.5 V core with 3.3 V-tolerant I/O simplifies interfacing to legacy 5 V-tolerant bus transceivers through external series resistors. The 240-pin PQFP with 0.5 mm pitch supports hand-soldering for prototypes and standard surface-mount assembly for production volumes. Typical applications include PCI bridge designs, telecom line-card glue logic, network router backplane interfaces, industrial motor-control state machines, and migration paths for legacy APEX 20K prototypes still in field service. With a 0 to 85 °C commercial operating-temperature range, this part targets benign-environment embedded systems rather than automotive or extended-industrial deployments. When designing with this device, plan JTAG chain access early and verify Quartus II version compatibility - newer Intel Quartus releases have dropped APEX 20K device support. For new designs, evaluate Cyclone IV or MAX II as the modern equivalent family, since APEX 20K silicon is mature and approaching end-of-life availability through authorized distributors.
EP20K100QC240-1XV - APEX 20K 100K-Gate FPGA, 240-PQFP | Intel / Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP20K100QC240-1XV is a member of the APEX 20K family of programmable logic devices (PLDs) featuring 100,000 system gates, 4,160 logic elements (cells), and 53,248 bits of embedded memory. Housed in a 240-pin PQFP (Plastic Quad Flat Pack) package, this device combines LUT-based logic, product-term logic, and embedded memory blocks on a single die to deliver system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) integration. It operates at a nominal 2.5V core supply (range 2.375V to 2.625V) with 5V-tolerant I/O and supports up to 189 user I/O pins, of which 4 are dedicated inputs. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor integrated circuit that can be electrically programmed to implement any digital logic function. Within the broader hierarchy, the EP20K100QC240-1XV sits as a PLD > FPGA > SRAM-based reprogrammable FPGA > fine-grained LUT architecture device. APEX 20K extends the classic LUT-plus-product-term hybrid approach pioneered by Altera, allowing register-intensive datapaths, finite-state machines, and moderate-density memory blocks to coexist on one chip without external glue logic. The MultiCore architecture integrates LUT logic for register-intensive functions, product-term logic for wide combinatorial decode, and embedded system blocks (ESBs) for on-chip RAM or ROM. Key features of the EP20K100QC240-1XV include a propagation delay of approximately 2.5 ns and an internal core frequency of up to 250 MHz. The device includes 4 phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management and skew control, supports in-system programming via JTAG, and provides configurable I/O standards. The 240-pin PQFP body measures 32 mm x 32 mm with a 0.5 mm lead pitch and gull-wing terminations suitable for surface mounting. Industrial temperature variants (suffix-less) span 0C to +85C. The APEX 20K family was the industry's first PLD family to integrate SOPC capability, blurring the line between traditional FPGAs and system-on-chip solutions. By embedding dedicated arithmetic blocks, memory, and PLLs alongside general-purpose logic, the EP20K100 enables designers to consolidate what previously required a CPLD plus a separate SRAM plus clock buffers onto a single chip, reducing board area, BOM count, and design complexity. Typical applications include telecommunications line cards, industrial control and factory automation backplanes, DSP pre/post-processing front-ends, PCI bus bridges, and custom peripheral controllers for embedded systems. The 240-pin PQFP footprint suits legacy through-hole-style reflow profiles, making this part a drop-in solution when modern BGA-only successors cannot be retrofitted onto an existing PCB. When designing with this part, ensure the configuration device (EPC or enhanced) is sized for the bitstream and that JTAG chain integrity is preserved across multiple EP20K devices. Note that the -1XV suffix denotes the extended-temperature / speed-grade 1 variant; verify tpd and fMAX against the timing model in the Altera APEX 20K datasheet before board bring-up. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, lifecycle status, package-level drop-in alternatives from the APEX 20K family, and practical design notes not consolidated in the manufacturer datasheet - offering information gain beyond the original Altera documentation.