PIC16C57-XTE/P
PIC16C57-XTE/P - 8-Bit 4MHz 3KB OTP MCU 28-PDIP | Microchip
The Microchip Technology PIC16C57-XTE/P is an 8-bit RISC microcontroller from the PIC16C5X family, featuring 3KB (2K x 12) of One-Time-Programmable (OTP) EPROM program memory, 72 bytes of RAM, and 20 digital I/O pins, all housed in a 28-pin PDIP (0.600 inch / 15.24 mm) through-hole package. Operating at a maximum clock frequency of 4MHz (XT oscillator grade, extended temperature), the device runs from a 3.25V to 6V supply and is fabricated on a low-power CMOS process. The 12-bit-wide instruction set delivers 2:1 code compression over competitive 8-bit microcontrollers, and the RISC architecture executes most instructions in a single 200ns machine cycle at 20MHz equivalent throughput. The '-XTE' suffix designates the XT oscillator range (typically 4MHz external crystal/resonator) and the 'E' suffix denotes the extended industrial temperature grade (-40C to +125C).
A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer containing a CPU core, program memory, working RAM, and programmable I/O peripherals. The PIC16C5X family belongs to the baseline 8-bit MCU category within Microchip's broader PIC® microcontroller hierarchy (baseline PIC10/12/16 -> mid-range PIC16 -> enhanced mid-range PIC16/18 -> 16-bit PIC24 -> 32-bit PIC32). It sits below the popular PIC16F and PIC18 families in capability but above simple 6-pin PIC10F devices in pin count and feature set. OTP EPROM-based MCUs are typically chosen for cost-sensitive, mature, or high-volume production designs where the program is finalized at build time and does not require field re-programmability.
Key features include 33 single-word instructions, two 8-bit timer/counters (TMR0 and TMR1-equivalent watchdog), a watchdog timer with on-chip RC oscillator, 4 MHz internal/external clock input, power-on reset, power-saving SLEEP mode, and 20 high-current source/sink I/O pins capable of directly driving LEDs. The device supports in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) via RB6/RB7 pins when used in compatible configurations, although the OTP die does not permit field erasure. Code protection bits and oscillator selection fuses are configured at program time.
Architecturally, the PIC16C5X uses a Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses, a 12-bit program counter addressing up to 2K words of OTP EPROM, and a 7-bit RAM address space mapping 72 bytes of general-purpose registers plus peripheral control registers. The ALU is 8-bit wide; arithmetic, logical, and bit-manipulation instructions all execute in a single cycle except branches (2 cycles). This compact, deterministic instruction set is why PIC MCUs remain popular for hard-real-time control loops in appliance, automotive, and industrial applications.
Typical applications for the PIC16C57-XTE/P include appliance control boards (washing machines, microwave ovens, dishwashers), HVAC thermostat and damper controllers, simple sensor-interface boards, LED driver controllers, low-cost toys and consumer gadgets, industrial timer/counter modules, and automotive body electronics (interior lighting, seat controllers) where the extended temperature grade is required. The 20 I/O count and 4MHz throughput make it well suited to bit-banging protocols (UART, I2C slave, SPI slave) and direct keypad/display multiplexing.
When designing with this device, ensure the OTP window is covered with opaque label tape if the part is ever exposed to UV light during board rework, because EPROM cells can be erased by direct sunlight or UV-C. Allocate the oscillator start-up timer delay (typically 1024 Tosc) before code releases the SLEEP wakeup path, and respect the 6V absolute-maximum VDD to avoid latch-up. The 28-PDIP footprint has remained pin-compatible across the PIC16C5X baseline family for over two decades, simplifying long-life industrial designs.
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