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LM2904P3 - Dual 26V 700kHz Op Amp | Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments LM2904P3 is a dual general-purpose operational amplifier with two amplifier circuits, a 26 V maximum supply rating, 700 kHz gain-bandwidth performance, and an 8-pin PDIP package. It is designed for conventional analog signal-conditioning applications where a wide supply-voltage range and two amplifiers per package are useful. An operational amplifier is an analog integrated circuit that uses high open-loop gain to amplify the difference between signals applied to its inverting and non-inverting inputs. The LM2904 belongs to the operational-amplifier hierarchy, which includes voltage-feedback amplifiers, general-purpose amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, and precision amplifiers. Two amplifiers in one package can reduce board area when a circuit needs matched functions such as buffering, amplification, filtering, or differential sensing. The verified manufacturer information identifies the LM2904 as a dual, 26 V, 700 kHz operational amplifier. The LM2904P3 orderable is identified as a general-purpose, two-circuit amplifier in an 8-PDIP package. Its dual configuration allows both amplifier sections to share one package while retaining independent inputs and outputs. The 26 V rating permits operation from higher-voltage analog systems than typical low-voltage mixed-signal amplifier families. The 700 kHz gain-bandwidth figure defines the practical frequency range for many small-signal applications. It is relevant when closing an amplifier around a feedback network, because the amplifier must provide adequate loop gain and phase margin at the intended signal frequency. General-purpose performance makes the device suitable for signal amplification, voltage buffering, active filtering, and feedback-control stages where specialized precision or high-speed parameters are not required. Typical uses include industrial sensor interfaces, low-frequency active filters, audio preamplifier stages, analog control loops, and general instrumentation. In a dual-amplifier circuit, one section can perform signal conditioning while the other supplies inversion, feedback, or buffering. The package is also appropriate for through-hole industrial designs where DIP mounting remains preferable to fine-pitch surface-mount assembly. Designers should verify the complete electrical limits, electrical characteristics, pin configuration, common-mode range, output swing, input bias current, slew rate, and stability requirements in the manufacturer datasheet before finalizing a design. Decoupling, input and output signal limits, common-mode voltage, and thermal conditions must be evaluated for the exact operating environment. This page consolidates the verified 26 V and 700 kHz device facts, distributor pricing information, package data, and same-family replacement guidance. It also adds practical selection criteria and design notes that help engineers distinguish a true 8-pin drop-in option from alternatives requiring a different footprint.
LM2904PW - Dual 700 kHz Op Amp, 26 V | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments LM2904PW is a dual general-purpose operational amplifier with a 700 kHz gain-bandwidth product, 26 V maximum supply capability, and an 8-pin TSSOP package. The device contains two independent, frequency-compensated amplifiers that can operate from a single supply or split supply, making it suitable for signal conditioning, buffering, and general-purpose analog control applications. Its 0.7 mA typical supply-current drain is specified as being independent of supply voltage, helping conserve power across a broad operating range. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is an analog integrated circuit that uses high open-loop gain to amplify the difference between two input voltages. A dual op amp combines two amplifiers in one package, allowing both channels to share a supply while remaining electrically independent. Within the broader semiconductor hierarchy, the LM2904PW belongs to the amplifier IC, operational-amplifier, analog-signal-conditioning, and integrated-circuit families. It is a widely recognized general-purpose alternative to newer precision and low-noise amplifier families when voltage range, low power, and functional simplicity matter more than low offset or rail-to-rail operation. The principal operating characteristics include a 26 V maximum supply voltage, a 700 kHz gain-bandwidth product, two amplifier circuits, and a typical supply-current drain of 0.7 mA. The common-mode input range includes ground, allowing the device to sense input signals close to the negative supply rail. Low input-bias and input-offset parameters are identified in the device literature, although exact minimum and maximum limits are not included in the retrieved data. The LM2904PW therefore provides a practical balance of gain bandwidth, supply flexibility, and low supply-current demand. Internally, the LM2904 uses a frequency-compensated voltage-feedback architecture. This internal compensation means each amplifier can provide stable closed-loop operation without an external frequency-compensation network when configured for typical noninverting or inverting gains. The design is intended for general-purpose analog systems rather than precision instrumentation. Its 700 kHz gain-bandwidth product is adequate for audio-frequency signal conditioning, low-rate data acquisition, sensor interfaces, and industrial control blocks, but it is substantially slower than precision, high-speed, or rail-to-rail amplifier families. Typical uses include general-purpose signal amplification, low-frequency active filtering, current-to-voltage conversion for sensors, audio preamplification, comparator-style threshold conditioning with suitable output limits, and industrial control interfaces. The ability to operate from single or split supplies makes the part useful in systems whose signal range is referenced to ground. For battery-powered equipment, the typical 0.7 mA supply-current drain helps limit consumption, although the complete system current also depends on output current, load, amplifier configuration, and supply voltage. Designers should verify the exact common-mode, output-swing, offset-voltage, input-bias-current, slew-rate, and temperature limits from the manufacturer datasheet before fixing operating conditions. Input and output stability depends on layout, source impedance, load, and feedback topology. Decoupling should be placed close to the supply pins, and sensitive layouts should minimize parasitic capacitance and leakage around high-impedance inputs. The 8-pin TSSOP footprint is compact but requires careful lead pitch and thermal considerations during assembly. This product record combines the verified manufacturer identity, package, voltage, bandwidth, and power information with distributor pricing and cross-reference evidence. It also adds practical application guidance, honest substitution limits, package-level comparison data, and design notes intended to help engineers evaluate the LM2904PW beyond a raw distributor listing.
LM2904QDRQ1 - Dual 26V 700kHz Op Amp AEC-Q100 | TI
The Texas Instruments LM2904QDRQ1 is an automotive-grade, dual operational amplifier qualified to AEC-Q100, operating from a single supply of 3V to 26V (or dual supplies plus/minus 1.5V to plus/minus 13V) with a 700 kHz gain-bandwidth product in an 8-pin SOIC (D) package rated -40C to +125C. An operational amplifier (op amp) is a high-gain differential-input voltage amplifier and a fundamental analog building block within the signal-chain hierarchy: op amp -> amplifier IC -> analog/mixed-signal IC -> semiconductor. A dual op amp integrates two independent amplifiers in one package, cutting board space and BOM cost for multi-channel signal conditioning. Key features include a low 500 uA supply current per amplifier, a common-mode input range that includes ground (enabling true single-supply operation), internal frequency compensation, and output short-circuit protection. ESD protection exceeds 500 V per MIL-STD-883 Method 3015 and 200 V on the machine model, per the TI datasheet. Technically, the bipolar process yields a typical 2 mV input offset voltage (7 mV max) and 20 nA typical input bias current. The 0.3 V/us slew rate and 700 kHz GBW suit low-frequency sensor and control loops; the output swings close to the negative rail but is not rail-to-rail. Operation remains stable with moderate capacitive loads. Typical applications include automotive sensor signal conditioning (temperature, pressure, position), current sensing, active filters, DC motor control, and battery management front-ends, where the 26V rating allows direct operation from a 12V automotive battery rail with load-dump headroom. Design tip: decouple VCC with a 0.1 uF ceramic close to pin 8, keep the input common-mode below VCC-1.5V, and buffer high-impedance sources to limit offset errors. For new automotive designs requiring 36V ratings and tighter offset, consider the next-generation LM2904B-Q1 family.
LM293D - Dual Differential Comparator, 8-SOIC | TI
The Texas Instruments LM293D is a dual differential comparator designed for low-voltage operation from a single supply or split supplies. The verified distributor listing identifies it as a standard general-purpose comparator with open-collector, open-drain, rail-to-rail operation in an 8-SOIC package. The device contains two independent comparator channels, making it suitable for threshold detection, level shifting, window monitoring, and basic analog control systems. According to the Texas Instruments LM293 product page, the device is a dual differential comparator in an industrial-grade family; detailed electrical limits are not supplied in the verified excerpts and therefore remain marked for data completion. A comparator is an analog signal-conditioning IC that compares two input voltages and produces a logic-level output indicating which input is higher. A differential comparator belongs to the broader comparator, amplifier, and analog interface hierarchy, while the LM293D is specifically a low-power, dual-channel comparator for embedded and control applications. Its two independent channels allow simultaneous comparison of two signal pairs, provided the device operates within the manufacturer-rated common-mode and supply limits. The verified TI page states that the LM293 family supports wide supply-voltage operation, including systems using split power supplies. TI also states that the B-version is a drop-in replacement for LM293, LM393, and LM2903; however, the provided data does not establish that every related suffix is electrically identical for every use condition. The LM293D listing identifies open-collector/open-drain and rail-to-Rail output characteristics, which are important when interfacing with pull-up-based digital systems. Typical uses include monitoring a battery or power rail, detecting sensor thresholds, comparing external reference voltages, and implementing basic overvoltage or undervoltage indication. The open-drain output requires an external pull-up resistor when the output must rise to a defined logic level. Because the verified data does not provide exact input-offset, response-time, supply-current, or temperature values, those specifications are retained as data-needed markers rather than inferred from related devices. For PCB design, place the IC close to the compared signals and use short, low-noise routing for high-impedance input nodes. Keep pull-up resistors close to open-drain outputs, and account for input common-mode range and supply polarity in both single-supply and split-supply systems. The LM293D is not a power semiconductor, so SOA data is not applicable.
LM293N - Dual Open-Collector Comparator, 8-DIP | STMicroelectronics
The STMicroelectronics LM293N is a dual, general-purpose voltage comparator with two independent channels, open-collector outputs, and an 8-DIP package. According to the STMicroelectronics LM293N product description, it is designed for single-supply operation across a wide voltage range, while operation from split power supplies is also possible. The verified distributor listing identifies the device as an 8-DIP comparator with open-collector/open-drain, rail-to-rail characteristics. Specific voltage, current, timing, temperature, and logic-threshold values were not included in the provided data and therefore require verification from the manufacturer datasheet before design release. A voltage comparator is an analog semiconductor that compares two input voltages and produces a logic-level indication of their relationship. The LM293N contains two independent comparators, allowing one package to implement threshold detection, window comparison, free-running oscillator, or simple analog-to-logic conversion. Within the broader hierarchy, it is a comparator IC, then an analog integrated circuit, and finally a semiconductor. Its open-collector outputs can sink external current and normally require a pull-up resistor when the design expects a high-level output. The primary documented feature is its ability to operate from a single supply over a wide range of voltages, with split-supply operation also supported. The two independent channels provide design flexibility for comparing a sensor against a reference, checking a power rail, or generating complementary decisions in control circuitry. The open-collector architecture can support wired logic and level translation, but the external pull-up, output current, propagation delay, and input common-mode limits must be checked against the actual datasheet. LM293N is suitable for industrial control, instrumentation, power-supply supervision, sensor interfaces, and embedded threshold detection. In a single-supply circuit, place the input network so that the signal remains within the device's verified common-mode range. In a split-supply circuit, confirm the positive and negative rail limits and the permitted total voltage. Because the provided data does not state absolute maximum ratings, supply voltage, input offset, output-current capability, response time, or operating temperature, those values should not be assumed. Design practice should include a local bypass capacitor, a defined pull-up resistor for each open-collector output, and protection for exposed sensor inputs. Avoid relying on an output high level until the pull-up network and downstream load have been analyzed. Verify input polarity, output inversion, hysteresis, and logic compatibility with the system controller. The 8-DIP package is mechanically important: use the manufacturer pinout and maintain adequate lead spacing during assembly. This page combines the verified LM293N product identity, package information, application context, datasheet links, and engineering considerations. It intentionally does not fabricate electrical ratings, pricing, lifecycle claims, or unreported pin names; obtain the current manufacturer datasheet and distributor quotation for production decisions.
LM321MF/NOPB - 1MHz, Single Op Amp, 3-32V, SOT-23-5 | TI
The Texas Instruments LM321MF/NOPB is a single-channel, low-power operational amplifier delivering 1 MHz unity-gain bandwidth and 0.4 V/us slew rate in a 5-pin SOT-23 (DBV) package. It operates from a single 3 V to 32 V supply (or dual +/-1.5 V to +/-16 V) and supports an input common-mode range that includes ground, enabling true single-supply operation. Housed in the industry-standard SOT-23-5 footprint, the LM321MF/NOPB combines economy with TI's LM321 bipolar architecture originally developed by National Semiconductor. An operational amplifier (op amp) is a high-gain DC-coupled electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs and a single-ended output. Op amps belong to the amplifier IC family within integrated circuits, which also includes instrumentation amplifiers, comparators, and specialty audio/video amplifiers. The LM321MF/NOPB specifically is a general-purpose single op amp, meaning one amplifier channel per package; it sits in the hierarchy: op amp -> amplifier IC -> analog IC -> integrated circuit -> semiconductor. Key features include 1 MHz gain-bandwidth product, 0.4 V/us slew rate, low input offset voltage (typical 2 mV), input common-mode range that includes the negative rail, and large capacitive-load drive capability. The bipolar input stage with class-AB output provides robust performance across the wide 3 V to 32 V supply range. Internal ESD protection and thermal shutdown enhance field reliability. The LM321MF/NOPB uses a bipolar transistor input stage rather than CMOS or JFET, giving it inherently low noise voltage density but somewhat higher input bias current than modern CMOS alternatives. Its wide supply range allows direct connection to industrial 24 V rails, 12 V battery systems, or +/-15 V analog supplies, eliminating the need for additional level shifters. The 1 MHz bandwidth is sufficient for audio, sensor conditioning, and many active-filter topologies. Typical applications include transducer signal conditioning, low-frequency active filters, current sensing with high-side or low-side shunt, audio pre-amplifier stages, and general-purpose amplification in industrial controls. The SOT-23-5 footprint is ideal for space-constrained PCB designs such as handheld instruments and IoT sensor modules. When designing with the LM321MF/NOPB, verify input bias current (45 nA typical) is acceptable for high-impedance sensor interfaces. Place a 0.1 uF decoupling capacitor close to the VCC pin and ensure output capacitive loads stay within the datasheet's stability region to avoid oscillation. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in SOT-23-5 alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone, giving engineers a faster path from datasheet to prototype.
LM324AD - Quad 30V 1.2MHz Op Amp | Texas Instruments
Texas Instruments LM324AD is a general-purpose quad operational amplifier containing four independent, internally frequency-compensated amplifiers. The device supports a 30 V maximum supply, operates at a gain-bandwidth product of 1.2 MHz, and has a 3 mV input offset voltage rating. It is supplied in a 14-pin SOIC package, enabling one component to provide four amplified channels in a compact surface-mount footprint. The LM324 family is designed for single-supply operation over a wide voltage range, while also supporting split-supply arrangements when the circuit requires a bipolar input or output range. An operational amplifier is an analog signal-processing IC that uses high-gain differential amplification to increase the voltage presented at its input. The LM324 belongs to the general-purpose amplifier segment of the larger voltage-feedback operational-amplifier hierarchy. Internally compensated amplifiers simplify closed-loop design because no external frequency-compensation components are required for ordinary gain configurations. Four independent amplifiers in one package reduce board area and component count in multi-channel sensor, filtering, buffering, and control circuits. The verified product information identifies four amplifier circuits, a 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product, a 3 mV offset-voltage rating, and operation from a supply as high as 30 V. The internal compensation supports stable operation in standard noninverting and inverting amplifier arrangements. Because the LM324AD is a general-purpose device, design engineers should treat it as a cost-conscious solution rather than a precision op amp with rail-to-rail outputs, low offset over temperature, or very low noise. Common uses include buffering sensor outputs, amplifying low-level control signals, active filtering, differential signal conditioning, and driving ADC input stages. The four independent channels can process separate analog signals or implement stages such as a two-stage filter or transimpedance-style front end. Single-supply operation is particularly useful in industrial controls, embedded instrumentation, educational electronics, and simple battery-powered systems where a negative rail is unavailable. When using the LM324AD, verify input and output common-mode limits, output-current capability, load impedance, and stability under the selected closed-loop gain before finalizing the design. Place input and output compensation or decoupling components close to the relevant pins, keep sensitive input routing away from switching nodes, and include adequate bypassing on the power supply. The 14-pin SOIC package also requires attention to thermal pad-free layout and copper continuity when operating at high ambient temperatures. This product page combines verified manufacturer and distributor information, lifecycle-oriented sourcing details, same-footprint alternatives, and practical design guidance. It adds a same-package comparison framework and implementation notes that are more useful for PCB and sourcing decisions than a distributor listing alone.
LM324ADR2G - Quad Op Amp, 3-32V, 1MHz SOIC-14 | onsemi
The onsemi LM324ADR2G is a low-cost quad operational amplifier with four independent general-purpose amplifier circuits, true differential inputs, a supply range of 3V to 32V single-supply (or ±1.5V to ±16V split supply), a 1 MHz gain-bandwidth product, and a 0.6 V/µs slew rate, housed in a 14-pin SOIC package supplied on tape and reel. A quad operational amplifier is an integrated circuit that packs four identical, frequency-compensated op amp stages onto a single silicon die, sharing one set of power pins. Within the amplifier hierarchy, it belongs to the general-purpose bipolar op amp family: operational amplifier -> linear amplifier IC -> analog signal conditioning IC. Quad op amps reduce board area, cut per-channel cost, and improve channel-to-channel thermal matching versus four single op amps. Key features include single-supply operation down to 3V with input common-mode range that includes ground - the defining trait that made the LM324 the industry-standard quad op amp. The A-grade suffix guarantees a maximum input offset voltage of 3 mV, tighter than the base LM324. Internally frequency compensation eliminates external compensation components, and the low supply current of approximately 700 µA per amplifier (typical for the family) suits battery-powered designs. Technically, the LM324ADR2G uses a mature bipolar process with PNP input stages that enable ground-sensing inputs. The output stage is a classic single-ended Class-AB emitter follower, which means it can sink only limited current near ground and exhibits output crossover behavior under light loads - a known characteristic designers must account for in precision or audio paths. Typical applications include transducer signal conditioning, DC gain blocks, active filters, comparators, voltage followers, and industrial sensor interfaces where single-supply, ground-referenced inputs simplify the power architecture. Design consideration: keep total supply voltage within 32V, and remember the output cannot swing rail-to-rail - headroom of roughly 1.5V to the positive rail is required at moderate loads. This page adds value beyond the manufacturer datasheet by synthesizing distributor pricing, verified drop-in alternatives, a parametric comparison table, and practical design notes in one place.
LM324AM - 4-Channel 3-32V Low-Power Op Amp | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments LM324AM is a four-channel, general-purpose operational amplifier operating from a single supply of 3 V to 32 V in a 14-pin SOIC package. Each amplifier provides approximately 65 dB CMRR, operates with an output current up to 40 mA, and is intended for low-power signal-conditioning applications. The LM324AM combines four independently usable amplifier sections in one surface-mount package, reducing board area compared with four separate single or dual amplifier packages. An operational amplifier is an analog signal-processing IC that amplifies the voltage difference between its inverting and non-inverting inputs. The LM324 belongs to the general-purpose operational-amplifier hierarchy: operational amplifier → voltage-feedback amplifier → integrated amplifier IC. Its four internal sections support common tasks including voltage buffering, transducer amplification, cross-coupled differential stages, analog filtering, and sensor-signal conditioning while operating from a single positive supply. The principal advantages of the LM324AM are its low-power four-channel integration, 3 V to 32 V single-supply range, approximately 65 dB CMRR, and low-power characterization emphasized by distributors. The 14-pin SOIC format supports conventional surface-mount assembly, while the four amplifier channels can provide independent gain or buffering functions within one package. The listed operating-temperature range is 0 °C to 70 °C, matching a general-purpose commercial-temperature class rather than an explicitly automotive-qualified product. The internally frequency-compensated architecture makes the LM324AM suitable for straightforward closed-loop amplifier configurations without external compensation networks. Designers should still verify input common-mode range, output swing, output-current capability, noise, slew rate, offset voltage, and channel behavior against the manufacturer datasheet for the exact production source and grade. Because LM324-family devices are also offered by multiple manufacturers, procurement should confirm the manufacturer marking, temperature grade, qualification status, and traceability. Typical uses include industrial 4-20 mA current-loop receivers, low-voltage sensor amplifiers, audio preamplifier stages, active filters, and general analog control boards. The integrated quad format is particularly useful when four similar amplifier channels are required. For a single- or dual-channel design, however, a one- or dual-amplifier package can reduce unused channels, power consumption, and PCB area. The principal design consideration is ensuring that the input and output operating points remain within the device's allowable common-mode and output-swing limits. Layout should keep feedback-loop connections short, provide local bypassing at the supply pins, and avoid placing high-current return paths beneath sensitive analog inputs. Stable operation near ground-level signals should be checked carefully when the source impedance is high or when the required output amplitude approaches the supply rails. This page consolidates verified distributor and manufacturer information, package-level replacement guidance, practical layout notes, and parameter-by-parameter comparisons. It also distinguishes verified facts from specifications that require confirmation from the exact manufacturer datasheet, helping engineers select and qualify the LM324AM without relying on generic family assumptions.
LM324AN - Quad 30V 1.2MHz Op Amp | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments LM324AN is a low-power, quad operational amplifier containing four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated amplifiers in a 14-pin PDIP package. The device operates from a single power supply, supports a maximum supply voltage of 30 V, and is specified for a gain-bandwidth product of 1.2 MHz with an input offset voltage rating of 3 mV. Its operating temperature range is 0°C to 70°C. An operational amplifier is an analog integrated circuit that amplifies the difference between its non-inverting and inverting inputs. The LM324AN belongs to the general-purpose operational amplifier family within the broader voltage-amplifier and analog signal-conditioning hierarchy. Internally compensated gain stages allow the amplifier to provide stable closed-loop operation without an external compensation capacitor, while the differential input architecture supports common-mode operation from ground upward in many single-supply circuits. Each of the four amplifier sections has a differential input, an output, and internal bias compensation. The 3 mV input offset rating is suitable for general instrumentation, sensor interfaces, active filtering, and audio preamplification where the signal is not operating near the precision limits of a dedicated low-offset amplifier. The 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product provides adequate bandwidth for low-frequency control, buffering, and modest-frequency signal-processing applications. The LM324AN is a classic single-supply-oriented device, but its wide supply capability also permits conventional dual-supply operation where the common-mode input range permits it. The four independent amplifiers can implement separate gain stages, comparators, filters, or buffer functions in one package. The through-hole PDIP construction is particularly useful for prototype boards, educational systems, industrial controllers, and repair assemblies where socketed or manually inserted parts are preferred over fine-pitch surface-mount packages. Typical uses include DC signal conditioning, bridge-amplifier interfaces, loop filtering, audio mixing stages, general feedback control, and low-cost sensor amplification. Because the LM324AN is not a rail-to-rail input or output amplifier, the engineer should verify input common-mode range and output swing against the selected supply voltage. Decoupling capacitors are normally placed close to the supply pins to control impedance and prevent feedback from disturbing analog signal integrity. For new precision designs, compare the LM324AN with rail-to-rail or low-offset alternatives before committing to the design. For established DIP-14 layouts and repair work, the LM324AN remains useful because several LM324-family devices from different manufacturers are offered in the same 14-pin through-hole footprint. Pricing shown for this page is referenced as of October 29, 2026 and should be rechecked against current distributor inventory. This page consolidates manufacturer specifications, verified distributor listings, cross-reference options, pin-level implementation guidance, and application-specific design notes that help engineers evaluate the LM324AN beyond a basic distributor catalogue entry.
LM324AWPT - Quad Low-Power Op Amp, 1.3MHz, TSSOP-14 | STMicroelectronics
The STMicroelectronics LM324AWPT is a low-power, low-input-bias-current quad operational amplifier integrating four independent, internally frequency-compensated gain stages in a single 14-pin TSSOP (Tape and Reel) package. The 'A' suffix designates the enhanced input-offset-voltage grade, which tightens Vio to a maximum of 2 mV at 25°C versus 7 mV for the standard LM324, while the 'W' suffix extends the operating temperature range to -40°C to +105°C for industrial environments. Each of the four channels delivers a gain-bandwidth product of approximately 1.3 MHz and a slew rate of 0.4 V/µs, drawing only 1.5 mA of quiescent supply current total regardless of channel loading. A quad operational amplifier (quad op-amp) is a monolithic integrated circuit that places four independent, internally-compensated op-amp cells in one package sharing common power pins. Quad op-amps belong to the broader operational amplifier family, which in turn falls under the linear IC hierarchy and finally under analog signal-conditioning semiconductors. Compared with single or dual op-amps, quad devices reduce PCB area, simplify routing, and lower the per-channel cost in applications requiring multiple gain, buffer, filter or comparator stages. The LM324 series uses bipolar transistor input stages that can operate from a single supply as low as 3 V or from split ±1.5 V to ±16 V rails, with true ground-sensing capability on the input common-mode range. The differential input range includes the negative rail, eliminating the need for external biasing in single-supply designs. Output swing typically reaches within a few millivolts of both rails at moderate loads, and the device sustains continuous output short-circuits to ground or either rail thanks to internal current limiting. Typical applications include active filters, transducer signal conditioning, DC gain blocks, voltage followers, comparators, and general-purpose analog signal chains in consumer, industrial and automotive subsystems. The wide supply range makes the part especially popular in 5 V single-rail microcontroller-interface circuits, where four op-amps share one supply rail alongside the MCU. When designing with the LM324AWPT, place a 0.1 µF ceramic bypass capacitor within 5 mm of the VCC pin and consider the input bias current of 20 nA typical (50 nA maximum) when selecting source impedances — bias currents up to 50 nA across a 100 kΩ source produce a 5 mV offset error. Avoid using this part in precision sub-millivolt instrumentation paths; choose the LM324A-grade offset only when 2 mV is acceptable. Always consult the official STMicroelectronics datasheet for full DC and AC characteristic curves.
LM324BAIDR - Quad 36V 1.2MHz Op-Amp | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments LM324BAIDR is a quadruple operational amplifier featuring four general-purpose amplifier channels with a 36V maximum supply, 1.2MHz gain-bandwidth product, and a low input offset voltage of 2mV (B, BA versions), housed in a 14-pin SOIC (D) package rated for -40C to +85C operation. An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a high-gain voltage amplifier with differential inputs and a single-ended output, the fundamental building block of analog signal conditioning. In the analog hierarchy, the op-amp sits above discrete transistors and below specialized amplifiers such as instrumentation and audio amplifiers; general-purpose quad op-amps like the LM324 family provide four independent channels in one package for cost-sensitive multi-channel designs. The LM324BA is the next-generation BA version of the classic LM324. Key improvements over legacy LM324/LM224/LM2902 parts include a wide 3V to 36V supply range, tighter 2mV input offset voltage specification, and enhanced robustness, while remaining pin-for-pin drop-in replacements for all legacy versions. The push-pull output stage improves output voltage swing and crossover behavior compared to older Class-AB output stages, reducing the well-known LM324 output crossover distortion near the negative rail. Each of the four amplifiers shares a common supply; single-supply operation down to 3V makes the part suitable for 3.3V and 5V logic-based systems as well as traditional up to 36V industrial rails. The common-mode input range includes the negative rail, a signature LM324-family trait that simplifies single-supply designs such as sensor buffering near ground. Typical applications include industrial signal conditioning, transducer amplifier front ends, active filters, comparators and level shifters, motor-control feedback loops, and consumer appliance analog interfaces. Design consideration: the 1.2MHz gain-bandwidth limits closed-loop bandwidth; at a gain of 10, expect roughly 120kHz of usable bandwidth, so verify gain-phase margin in high-gain configurations. This page synthesizes verified distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, pinout data, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
LM324D - Quad 36V Op Amp | Texas Instruments | SOIC-14 (Tape & Reel)
The Texas Instruments LM324D is a low-power, quadruple operational amplifier containing four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated amplifiers in a 14-pin SOIC package. The verified product data identifies it as a general-purpose amplifier designed for operation from a single supply or split supply over a wide voltage range, with the B-family supply range specified as 3 V to 36 V. This quad topology lets one compact IC provide four separate analog signal-conditioning channels without requiring four discrete packages. An operational amplifier is an analog amplifier used in the wider semiconductor hierarchy of integrated circuits and analog signal-processing devices. The LM324 family is commonly used for voltage buffering, sensor-interface conditioning, current-to-voltage conversion, audio paths, filters, and control loops. Its single-supply capability is useful when the signal and system share a common ground reference, while split-supply operation supports bipolar signals in applications where positive and negative rails are available. Verified feature data identifies the LM324 family as a next-generation LM324B and LM2902B offering, with B versions intended as drop-in replacements for LM224, LM324, and LM2902 versions. The listed operating supply range is 3 V to 36 V. The family also includes versions with input offset voltage specified as low as plus or minus 2 mV, 2 kV HBM ESD protection for B, BA, and K versions, and internal RF and EMI filtering for B and BA versions. These features support general-purpose analog designs where supply tolerance and input conditioning matter. The LM324D is packaged in the SOIC-14 footprint, making it suitable for conventional PCB assembly and educational, industrial-control, instrumentation, and embedded-control designs. The device is not a precision, rail-to-rail-input amplifier, so input common-mode range, output swing, input bias current, noise, slew rate, and stability behavior must be checked against the actual signal path. The four amplifiers share a package power supply but operate independently at their input, output, and feedback pins. Typical uses include four-channel sensor buffering, low-frequency active filtering, audio preamplification, DC gain stages, comparator-style threshold conditioning with suitable feedback arrangements, and general embedded analog interfaces. When designing around the LM324D, verify the supply rails, keep input and feedback connections short, provide stable bypass capacitance near the supply pins, and account for the amplifier’s output-current and thermal limits. The manufacturer product page and datasheet are the authoritative sources for exact electrical limits and ordering information. This page combines verified manufacturer and distributor links with application guidance and explicitly marks electrical details that were not supplied in the verified excerpts. The LM324D remains a practical choice when four general-purpose amplifiers, single-supply operation, and a standard SOIC-14 footprint are more important than precision or rail-to-rail performance.
LM324DG - 4-Channel 1 MHz Op Amp, 3-32 V | onsemi
The onsemi LM324DG is a four-channel general-purpose operational amplifier with true differential inputs, 1 MHz gain-bandwidth product, 0.6 V/us slew rate, and a 3 V to 32 V supply range, housed in a 14-pin SOIC package. The four amplifiers share one package but operate independently, making the device suitable for compact analog signal-conditioning circuits that cannot justify four separate amplifiers. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a voltage-controlled differential amplifier whose open-loop gain is used to amplify a difference between two input signals. The LM324 belongs to the broader amplifier IC hierarchy: operational amplifier, analog amplifier, semiconductor, and integrated circuit. Its true differential inputs and ability to operate from a single positive supply are particularly useful in circuits that do not have a negative reference rail. Key features include four amplifier channels in one package, a 1 MHz gain-bandwidth product, a 0.6 V/us slew rate, input offset voltage ratings of 5 mV to 7 mV depending on the cited source, and a minimum common-mode rejection ratio of 65 dB. The 3 V to 32 V operating supply range supports both low-voltage logic systems and conventional industrial analog circuits without requiring a separate negative supply. The LM324 architecture is intended for general-purpose voltage amplification rather than precision or high-speed signal conditioning. Its relatively wide input offset voltage and modest gain-bandwidth product make it most appropriate for audio, transducer, buffering, and feedback-control stages where moderate accuracy and bandwidth are sufficient. Designers should account for input offset when measuring small signals and verify gain-bandwidth requirements for closed-loop applications. Typical uses include microphone preamplification, active audio-channel amplification, low-frequency sensor interfaces, industrial control loops, and general buffer stages. Because each channel can be assigned to a different signal or function, four independent amplifier circuits can be implemented on one board while reducing component count and simplifying routing. The primary design consideration is the absence of a negative supply in many applications. Input and output signals must remain within the device's common-mode input and output swing limits, so a negative rail is not required but can improve signal-headroom flexibility. Input and output decoupling should follow the manufacturer datasheet's recommended application circuit, and unused amplifier inputs must be biased so they remain in a defined operating state. This product page consolidates the verified LM324DG specifications, distributor references, drop-in replacement candidates, package details, and practical design guidance. It also distinguishes direct same-package substitutes from functional alternatives so engineers can narrow a replacement search without assuming that every quad op amp is electrically or mechanically interchangeable.
LM324DR - Quad 36V Op Amp | Texas Instruments | SOIC-14
The Texas Instruments LM324DR is a low-power, quadruple operational amplifier containing four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated amplifiers in a 14-pin SOIC package. The verified product data identifies it as a general-purpose amplifier designed for operation from a single supply or split supply over a wide voltage range, with the B-family supply range specified as 3 V to 36 V. This quad topology lets one compact IC provide four separate analog signal-conditioning channels without requiring four discrete packages. An operational amplifier is an analog amplifier used in the wider semiconductor hierarchy of integrated circuits and analog signal-processing devices. The LM324 family is commonly used for voltage buffering, sensor-interface conditioning, current-to-voltage conversion, audio paths, filters, and control loops. Its single-supply capability is useful when the signal and system share a common ground reference, while split-supply operation supports bipolar signals in applications where positive and negative rails are available. Verified feature data identifies the LM324 family as a next-generation LM324B and LM2902B offering, with B versions intended as drop-in replacements for LM224, LM324, and LM2902 versions. The listed operating supply range is 3 V to 36 V. The family also includes versions with input offset voltage specified as low as plus or minus 2 mV, 2 kV HBM ESD protection for B, BA, and K versions, and internal RF and EMI filtering for B and BA versions. These features support general-purpose analog designs where supply tolerance and input conditioning matter. The LM324DR is packaged in the SOIC-14 footprint, making it suitable for conventional PCB assembly and educational, industrial-control, instrumentation, and embedded-control designs. The device is not a precision, rail-to-rail-input amplifier, so input common-mode range, output swing, input bias current, noise, slew rate, and stability behavior must be checked against the actual signal path. The four amplifiers share a package power supply but operate independently at their input, output, and feedback pins. Typical uses include four-channel sensor buffering, low-frequency active filtering, audio preamplification, DC gain stages, comparator-style threshold conditioning with suitable feedback arrangements, and general embedded analog interfaces. When designing around the LM324DR, verify the supply rails, keep input and feedback connections short, provide stable bypass capacitance near the supply pins, and account for the amplifier’s output-current and thermal limits. The manufacturer product page and datasheet are the authoritative sources for exact electrical limits and ordering information. This page combines verified manufacturer and distributor links with application guidance and explicitly marks electrical details that were not supplied in the verified excerpts. The LM324DR remains a practical choice when four general-purpose amplifiers, single-supply operation, and a standard SOIC-14 footprint are more important than precision or rail-to-rail performance.
LM324DR2G - Quad Op Amp, 3-32V, 1MHz SOIC-14 | onsemi
The onsemi LM324DR2G is a low-cost quad operational amplifier with four internally compensated, true-differential-input amplifiers in a 14-pin SOIC package, operating from a single 3V to 32V supply (or dual supplies up to +/-16V) with a 1 MHz gain-bandwidth product and 0.6 V/us slew rate. An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a high-gain voltage amplifier with differential inputs and a single-ended output, the foundational building block of the analog signal-chain hierarchy: op-amp -> amplifier IC -> analog front end -> mixed-signal system. The LM324 family is the industry-standard general-purpose quad op-amp, designed specifically for single-supply operation where its input common-mode range includes ground and its output swings to within tens of millivolts of the negative rail. Key features include a wide single-supply range of 3V to 32V, a common-mode input range that extends to the negative rail (ground-sensing capability), a typical input offset voltage of 5 mV (7 mV max per datasheet specifications), a minimum common-mode rejection ratio of 65 dB, and low supply current per amplifier that suits battery-powered designs. Four amplifiers in one SOIC-14 package reduce board area and BOM cost versus four single op-amps. The bipolar architecture is internally frequency-compensated, so no external compensation capacitors are required for unity-gain stability. Because all four amplifiers share one bias network, supply current is lower than four discrete units; however, channels can exhibit minor crosstalk in high-gain audio paths. Typical applications include transducer amplifiers, active filters, comparators (with caution regarding slow recovery), DC gain blocks, level shifters, and signal conditioning in industrial controls, consumer appliances, and automotive-adjacent systems. Designers should note the output stage is not rail-to-rail and can crossover-distort when sourcing current near the negative rail; biasing the output with a pull-down resistor mitigates this. Gain-bandwidth is 1 MHz, so keep closed-loop gains modest for bandwidth-critical circuits. This page adds value beyond the datasheet with distributor pricing tiers, verified drop-in alternatives, a parameter-by-parameter comparison table, and practical design notes not found on the manufacturer product page.
LM324DST - Quad Op-Amp, 14-SOIC, Low Power | STMicroelectronics
The STMicroelectronics LM324DST is a quad general-purpose operational amplifier integrating four independent, internally frequency-compensated high-gain op-amp circuits in a 14-pin SOIC (SO-14) surface-mount package. It operates from a single supply and delivers an output current capability of approximately 70 mA per the LCSC product listing, with low power consumption and low input bias current. A quad op-amp is an integrated circuit that houses four separate operational amplifiers on one die. An operational amplifier is a high-gain DC-coupled voltage amplifier with differential inputs and, in this family, a single-ended output; it is the foundational building block of the analog signal-chain hierarchy (op-amp -> amplifier IC -> linear IC -> analog/mixed-signal semiconductor). Quad op-amps like the LM324x family are chosen when multiple amplification stages share a common supply and ground, halving board area versus four single op-amps. Key features of the LM324DST include four internally compensated amplifiers requiring no external frequency-compensation components, wide single-supply operation, and an output that swings close to the negative rail, which is valuable in single-supply designs. The common-mode input range extends to include the negative supply rail, enabling sensing near ground. The internal compensation is implemented on-chip, giving unity-gain stability without external capacitors. This makes the part forgiving in general-purpose amplification, active filtering, comparators (non-precision), oscillators, and transducer interface circuits. Typical applications include industrial signal conditioning, consumer audio preamplification, battery-powered instrumentation, and logic-level level-shifting or buffering where four matched gain blocks are needed on one rail. Design consideration: the LM324 class-B output stage can exhibit crossover distortion at light loads and near-zero output currents; for precision AC applications consider a rail-to-rail upgrade such as the TL074 (JFET input) after verifying bias-current requirements. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, verified drop-in alternatives, pinout data, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
LM324DT - Quad Operational Amplifier | STMicroelectronics
The LM324DT is a quad operational amplifier from STMicroelectronics, featuring four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated op-amps designed to operate from a single power supply over a wide range of voltages. It operates from 3V to 32V (or ±1.5V to ±16V dual supply) and delivers a typical output current of 40mA per channel. The device is housed in a 14-pin SOIC package, making it suitable for space-constrained PCB designs. Data verified as of 2026-08-05. An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a high-gain voltage amplifier with differential inputs and a single-ended output, used in analog signal conditioning, filtering, and mathematical operations. The LM324 is a classic general-purpose op-amp family, known for its low cost, wide supply range, and ability to operate with a single supply, making it a staple in analog electronics. It sits within the hierarchy: operational amplifier -> linear amplifier -> analog IC -> semiconductor. Key features include a wide supply voltage range (3V to 32V), low supply current (typically 700µA per amplifier), common-mode input voltage range including ground, and short-circuit protected outputs. The LM324DT also features true differential input stage, which allows the input to go below ground when operating from a single supply, and it has a typical gain-bandwidth product of 1.3MHz. These features make it versatile for many analog applications. The LM324 uses a bipolar transistor architecture with a class-AB output stage, providing low output saturation voltage and high output current capability. It has an input offset voltage of typically 2mV and input bias current of typically 20nA, which are adequate for many precision applications. The device is internally frequency compensated for unity-gain stability, eliminating the need for external compensation components. Typical applications include transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks, active filters, and general-purpose signal conditioning in industrial, automotive, and consumer electronics. Its single-supply operation makes it ideal for battery-powered devices and automotive sensor interfaces where a negative rail is not available. When designing with the LM324DT, ensure proper decoupling of the power supply pins with a 0.1µF ceramic capacitor close to the device. The output can swing close to the positive rail but not to the negative rail (ground) when using a single supply, so consider the output voltage range in your design. Also, avoid exceeding the absolute maximum supply voltage of 32V to prevent damage. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the STMicroelectronics datasheet, providing a comprehensive resource for engineers selecting the LM324DT.
LM324J - Quad 32 V 1 MHz Op Amp | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments LM324J is a low-power, general-purpose, quad operational amplifier built for single-supply operation across a wide voltage range. Each of its four amplifiers is intended for 32 V maximum supply operation and 1 MHz gain-bandwidth performance, while the J package is a 14-pin ceramic dual in-line package identified by the verified DigiKey listing. The device combines four amplifiers in one package, making it useful when several independent analog stages must fit on a relatively compact board. An operational amplifier is an active analog component that uses high open-loop gain and negative feedback to amplify the difference between two input signals. In the broader electronics hierarchy, an op amp belongs to amplifier ICs and analog signal-chain devices. The LM324 family supports common general-purpose tasks including voltage buffering, summing, comparison, filtering, transducer conditioning, and gain stages, provided the designer observes its supply, input, output, and stability limits. Verified distributor information identifies the LM324J as a standard, general-purpose, four-circuit amplifier in a 14-CDIP package. The Mouser listing further identifies it as a military quad operational amplifier with 32 V operation and 1 MHz bandwidth. Those confirmed points establish the device’s most important selection criteria: four integrated channels, wide single-supply capability, roughly 1 MHz bandwidth, and a through-hole ceramic DIP footprint for higher-temperature or ruggedized legacy-style assemblies. Each amplifier shares the same positive supply, negative supply, and ground pins on the 14-pin package. The common architecture saves board area and reduces package count compared with four separate single op-amp ICs. It also makes rail planning and decoupling straightforward: the designer must ensure that all four channels remain within their electrical limits simultaneously and that power-supply bypass capacitors are placed close to the package supply pins. Typical uses include industrial control interfaces, sensor signal conditioning, low-frequency active filters, audio preamplification, instrumentation, power-supply feedback, and general mixed-signal embedded systems. The 1 MHz bandwidth favors low- to moderate-frequency signals rather than high-speed video, RF, or precision signal-path work. For those applications, verify exact gain-bandwidth, slew-rate, input-offset, output-current, and temperature limits against the official LM324 manufacturer documentation before production release. The principal design consideration is ensuring adequate output-voltage headroom and stability at the selected supply voltage, load, and gain. Because the verified excerpts do not publish exact capacitor values, common-mode limits, output-current ratings, or full pin names, those details remain deliberately unstated rather than guessed. This page combines verified sourcing data, package information, application guidance, and a conservative interpretation of the LM324J’s general-purpose role. Its differentiation is practical rather than headline performance: one 14-CDIP package supplies four general-purpose amplifier channels, while the 32 V and 1 MHz figures cover common industrial and embedded signal-conditioning needs. For an existing 14-pin LM324-family footprint, engineers should still compare the exact suffix, grade, pinout, and operating-temperature limits before approving a substitute.
LM324KD - Quad 30V 1.2MHz Op Amp | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments LM324KD is a quad general-purpose operational amplifier rated for supply voltages up to 30 V, with a gain-bandwidth product of 1.2 MHz and improved 2 kV ESD protection. The device contains four independent, frequency-compensated amplifiers in a 14-pin SOIC package measuring 0.154 inch, or 3.90 mm, wide. Its combination of single- or dual-supply operation, low input bias current, and broad supply range makes it suitable for general-purpose analog signal conditioning. An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a high-gain differential amplifier used within the wider voltage-amplifier and analog IC hierarchy. LM324-family devices are commonly used for buffering, voltage amplification, current-to-voltage conversion, filtering, comparators, and instrumentation interfaces. Unlike rail-to-rail precision amplifiers, the LM324 uses conventional bipolar input stages and includes internal compensation, allowing straightforward use without an external frequency-compensation network. The LM324KD provides four amplifiers in one package, reducing board area and simplifying designs that require multiple similar analog channels. Its verified supply capability covers 3 V to 32 V for single-supply operation and ±1.5 V to ±16 V for dual-supply operation. The listed per-channel output current capability is 60 mA, while the input bias current is listed as 20 nA. The 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product supports moderate-bandwidth closed-loop applications. Each channel is independent and can operate with common input ranges that include ground, making single-supply sensing of signals near 0 V practical. The LM324K family also incorporates improved 2 kV ESD protection, an important consideration for exposed sensor, interface, and control boards. The internal architecture prioritizes forgiving general-purpose operation rather than the low offset, low drift, and rail-to-rail performance expected from precision or modern energy-efficient amplifier families. Typical uses include low-frequency sensor amplifiers, buffered analog inputs, audio preamplification, loop-filter sections, motor and industrial control interfaces, and general instrumentation. The 14-pin SOIC package supports conventional surface-mount assembly, while the four-amplifier configuration can implement two differential channels, four single-ended channels, or a mixture of amplifiers and comparators. Designers should preserve adequate input and output common-mode range, account for the typical 0.5 uA supply current, and verify operation across the full industrial supply range. Decoupling close to the positive and ground pins is recommended, and signal routing should minimize parasitic capacitance around high-impedance input nodes. The published 24-page datasheet and manufacturer product page should be consulted for the complete electrical limits, pin configuration, and test conditions. This page combines verified manufacturer and distributor information, current pricing, package and pinout details, drop-in replacement evidence, and application-focused design guidance. It is intended to help engineers compare the LM324KD with other LM324-family choices while preserving PCB footprint, supply-voltage, and signal-chain compatibility.
LM324M - Low-Power Quad Op Amp | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments LM324M is a low-power, general-purpose quad operational amplifier containing four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated amplifiers in a 14-pin SOIC package. The verified source identifies the device as a standard four-circuit amplifier designed for operation from a single power supply over a wide voltage range. Because exact electrical ratings were not included in the supplied source data, values such as supply voltage, gain-bandwidth product, input bias current, and output-current limits remain subject to confirmation in the manufacturer datasheet. An operational amplifier is an analog signal-processing IC that uses high open-loop gain to amplify the difference between two inputs. Negative feedback establishes a stable closed-loop gain and bandwidth. The LM324 family belongs to the broader quad-operational-amplifier hierarchy: operational amplifier, analog amplifier, linear amplifier, and integrated circuit. Its four internally compensated channels can amplify AC or DC signals when supported by suitable biasing, decoupling, feedback, and output-loading conditions. The principal feature of LM324M is integration. Four amplifiers in one 14-pin SOIC reduce package count and simplify common dual-rail or single-supply analog boards. Internal frequency compensation means each channel does not require a separate compensation network for ordinary closed-loop operation. The verified manufacturer result specifically describes LM324 as low-power and optimized for single-supply operation, while the distributor result classifies LM324M as a standard general-purpose instrumentation and buffer amplifier. The four channels are intended for independent signal-conditioning tasks. Typical functions include noninverting and inverting amplification, voltage buffering, active filtering, cross-coupled analog networks, and sensor-signal conditioning. Internal compensation supports unity-gain buffer use, but stability, output swing, input common-mode range, slew rate, noise, and usable bandwidth must be checked against the actual circuit. A low-power general-purpose amplifier may not be suitable when very wide bandwidth, very low offset, low noise, rail-to-rail input/output, or high capacitive-drive capability is required. A practical single-supply design must establish a suitable input common-mode voltage and output bias point. Bypass the power pin close to the IC, route traces to avoid feedback around unintended paths, and avoid excessive capacitive loading on an output. Because the provided search result does not include verified temperature, RoHS, REACH, or package-dimension details, those specifications should be taken from the official LM324 documentation before release to production. Typical uses include low-frequency sensor conditioning, buffered instrumentation, active filters, classroom electronics, industrial control blocks, and general analog signal chains. This page summarizes the verified product identity and package, provides practical design guidance, distinguishes confirmed facts from missing ratings, and directs buyers to the official product page for complete electrical and qualification data.
LM324N - Low-Power Quad Op Amp, 14-PDIP | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments LM324N is a low-power quadruple operational amplifier containing four independent, high-gain, internally frequency-compensated amplifiers in a 14-pin PDIP package. According to the verified DigiKey listing, it is a standard general-purpose amplifier intended for transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks, and conventional op-amp circuits. The four amplifiers can operate from a single power supply over a wide voltage range, making the device useful when one rail must be ground. An operational amplifier is a high-gain analog building block used to amplify, buffer, compare, or condition signals. The LM324 belongs to the broader hierarchy of operational amplifier, analog amplifier, linear amplifier, and semiconductor. Its internal frequency compensation removes the need for an external compensation network in many conventional closed-loop configurations, simplifying general-purpose analog designs. The verified product information establishes four amplifier circuits and a 14-pin PDIP package. The low-power designation reflects its use in low-voltage, low-current analog systems rather than high-performance precision signal chains. Because all four channels are housed in one through-hole package, a design can allocate the amplifiers across independent sensor channels, buffers, filters, or control loops while conserving board area. The manufacturer identifies the LM324-N as suitable for transducer amplifiers, DC gain blocks, and conventional op-amp circuits. These uses benefit from the device’s integrated quad-channel arrangement and single-supply operation. The verified snippets do not provide detailed electrical limits such as input-offset voltage, gain-bandwidth product, output-current capability, common-mode range, noise density, or temperature range, so those values are not inferred here. Typical implementation requires attention to supply bypassing, input common-mode limits, output swing, stability, and the relationship between the selected feedback network and closed-loop gain. Because this is a through-hole PDIP device, lead spacing and insertion orientation should be checked against the PCB footprint and the manufacturer pinout. This page consolidates the verified manufacturer and distributor references, identifies the application fit of the LM324N, and clearly separates confirmed data from parameters that require consultation of the exact manufacturer datasheet.
LM324NS - Low-Power Quad Op Amp | Texas Instruments | SOIC-14
The Texas Instruments LM324NS is a low-power, general-purpose quad operational amplifier packaged in a 14-pin small-outline integrated circuit (SOIC-14). It provides four independent amplifier sections in one package and supports single-supply operation across a wide voltage range, making it suitable for transducer amplifiers, direct-current gain blocks, and conventional op-amp circuits. According to the Texas Instruments LM324-N product page, the device is designed around a low-power architecture whose supply-current drain remains largely independent of supply voltage. An operational amplifier, commonly abbreviated op amp, is an analog integrated circuit that amplifies the voltage difference between its non-inverting and inverting inputs. The LM324 belongs to the general-purpose amplifier category within the broader operational-amplifier hierarchy. It provides practical open-loop performance for cost-sensitive instrumentation, buffering, summing, and feedback-control circuits where rail-to-rail input and output behavior is not required. The common-mode input range includes ground, allowing direct sensing of small signals near the lower supply rail. Key characteristics of the LM324NS include four amplifier circuits per package, a typical supply-current drain of 0.8 mA per amplifier as stated in the available datasheet listing, and a common-mode input range that includes ground. The device is intended for single-supply operation, which simplifies power partitioning in battery-powered and industrial measurement systems. Its 14-SO package also provides adequate pin spacing for conventional through-hole assembly and automated surface-mount handling without requiring a fine-pitch land pattern. The quad organization gives designers four matched amplifier sections in one package while keeping each amplifier electrically independent. This is useful in multi-channel sensor systems where channel-to-channel layout consistency and a shared supply connection simplify routing. Compared with four separate single-amplifier packages, the LM324NS reduces component count, supply-pin count, and board area. The trade-off is that a defect affecting the package can affect multiple amplifier sections. Typical uses include low-frequency sensor signal conditioning, analog summation, current-to-voltage conversion, general-purpose buffering, and audio or industrial control interfaces. Because the common-mode input range reaches ground, the device is especially suitable for sensors whose output sits near 0 V. It is generally not the preferred choice where rail-to-rail swing, low-noise precision performance, high-speed operation, or guaranteed output-current capability is essential. The principal design consideration is supply-voltage headroom. Engineers should verify the input common-mode range, output swing, input-offset voltage, input-bias current, and open-loop gain against the signal being sensed rather than assuming ideal behavior. Decoupling capacitors should be placed close to the supply pins, and unused amplifier inputs must be biased so they remain in a defined state. This page consolidates manufacturer information, distributor pricing, package details, pin assignments, and practical substitution guidance. It also distinguishes direct drop-in alternatives from merely similar amplifier families so procurement and design decisions can be made from one engineering-focused reference.
LM324PT - Quad Low-Power Op-Amp, 1.3MHz, TSSOP-14 | STMicroelectronics
The STMicroelectronics LM324PT is a low-power quad operational amplifier integrating four general-purpose amplifier channels in a 14-pin TSSOP package, operating from a single 3V to 32V supply or dual supplies of ±1.5V to ±16V, with a 1.3MHz gain-bandwidth product and 0.4 V/us slew rate. An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a high-gain differential voltage amplifier that, with external feedback networks, performs mathematical operations such as amplification, filtering, comparison, and integration. The op-amp sits at the foundation of the analog signal-chain hierarchy: op-amp -> amplifier IC -> analog front end -> signal conditioning system. Quad op-amps like the LM324 family pack four independent channels sharing one supply, reducing board area and BOM cost versus four single amplifiers. Key features of the LM324PT include an input common-mode voltage range that extends down to ground (ground-sensing inputs on single-supply rails), a large DC voltage gain of 100dB, and a very low supply current of approximately 375uA per amplifier. These characteristics make it a cost-effective workhorse for battery-powered and single-supply industrial designs. Architecturally, the LM324 uses a classic bipolar process with PNP input stages that enable the ground-sensing common-mode range, and class-AB output stages that can swing close to the negative rail. The four channels are well matched and thermally coupled, which minimizes offset drift between channels in multi-channel signal conditioning. Typical applications include transducer amplification, active RC filters, voltage comparators and level shifters, LED drivers, and DC gain blocks in consumer and industrial equipment. Design consideration: the LM324 is not a rail-to-rail output device - the output saturates roughly 1.5V below VCC, so set signal swings accordingly to avoid clipping near the positive rail. This page consolidates verified datasheet parameters, drop-in alternatives, pricing tiers, design notes, and comparison data not found together on the manufacturer datasheet.