ATMEGA48PA-PU - 8-bit AVR MCU 4KB Flash 20MHz DIP-28 | Microchip
MPN: ATMEGA48PA-PU ✓ فعالATMEGA48PA-PU جائزہ
An 8-bit microcontroller is a single-chip computer whose CPU processes data 8 bits at a time. The AVR family sits within the broader microcontroller hierarchy: microcontroller unit (MCU) -> embedded processor -> integrated circuit. AVR MCUs use a Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses, allowing most of the 131 instructions to execute in a single clock cycle, which yields up to 20 MIPS throughput at 20 MHz.
Key features of the ATMEGA48PA include the picoPower technology for ultra-low sleep-mode currents, 23 general-purpose I/O lines, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, a 10-bit ADC with 8 channels, a USART, an SPI interface, and a two-wire (I2C-compatible) serial interface. The device operates from 2.5V to 5.5V, supporting both 3.3V and 5V systems, and offers six software-selectable power-saving modes including Power-down at very low current.
Architecturally, the ATMEGA48PA pairs the AVR enhanced RISC core with 32 general-purpose working registers, all directly connected to the ALU, enabling single-cycle access that eliminates the accumulator bottleneck of conventional 8051-style cores. The picoPower AVRs are fabricated on a low-leakage process, and the PA suffix denotes the power-optimized variant of the ATmega48 family.
Typical applications include hobbyist and educational projects (Arduino-compatible breadboard designs), appliance control, simple industrial sensing nodes, LED lighting controllers, and low-cost embedded systems where through-hole soldering and easy prototyping in DIP form matter.
A key design consideration: at 5V the device can run at the full 20 MHz, but at 3.3V the maximum safe clock is approximately 13.3 MHz per the datasheet frequency-versus-voltage curve; plan a 16 MHz or 8 MHz crystal for 3V operation.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in family alternatives (ATmega88PA/168PA/328P-PU share the same DIP-28 footprint), and practical design notes not found in a single manufacturer datasheet.
کے لیے ڈراپ اِن متبادل ATMEGA48PA-PU — یکساں پیکیج، پن سے پن مطابقت پذیر۔ مختلف پیکیج والے پرزے جن کے لیے PCB دوبارہ کام درکار ہو، شامل نہیں ہیں۔
اس سیریز میں مختلف ورژن
اسی سیریز کے ماڈلز جو ڈراپ اِن مطابقت رکھتے ہیں ATMEGA48PA-PU (یکساں فارم فیکٹر اور فٹ پرنٹ) — میں مختلف Operating Temperature, Package, Timers, Communication Interfaces, SRAM.
ATMEGA48A-PU
✅ ڈراپ-اِنقیمت کے لیے رابطہ کریں
ڈیٹا شیٹ دیکھیں →ATMEGA88PA-PU
✅ ڈراپ-اِنقیمت کے لیے رابطہ کریں
ڈیٹا شیٹ دیکھیں →ATMEGA168PA-PU
✅ ڈراپ-اِنقیمت کے لیے رابطہ کریں
ڈیٹا شیٹ دیکھیں →ATMEGA328P-PU
✅ ڈراپ-اِنقیمت کے لیے رابطہ کریں
ڈیٹا شیٹ دیکھیں →ATMEGA48-20PI
✅ ڈراپ-اِنقیمت کے لیے رابطہ کریں
ڈیٹا شیٹ دیکھیں →ATMEGA48PA-PU زیادہ سے زیادہ ریٹنگز اور برقی خصوصیات
| Core Architecture | AVR 8-bit RISC |
| Flash Program Memory | 4 KB (2K x 16) |
| EEPROM | 256 B |
| SRAM | 512 B |
| زیادہ سے زیادہ کلاک فریکوئنسی | 20 MHz |
| Max MIPS Throughput | 20 MIPS at 20 MHz |
| Supply Voltage Range | 2.5 V to 5.5 V |
| General Purpose I/O | 23 lines |
| Timers | Two 8-bit + one 16-bit timer/counter |
| ADC | 10-bit, 8 channels |
| Serial Interfaces | USART, SPI, 2-wire (I2C-compatible) |
| آپریٹنگ درجہ حرارت | -40C to +85C (industrial) |
| پیکیج | 28-PDIP |
| ماؤنٹنگ ٹائپ | Through Hole |
| Programming Method | In-System Programmable (ISP) |
| RoHS اسٹیٹس | Compliant |
| Instructions | 131 instructions, most single-cycle |
ATMEGA48PA-PU پن کنفیگریشن
| پن 1 | PC6/RESET — Reset input or Port C bit 6 |
| پن 2 | PD0/RXD — USART receive or Port D bit 0 |
| پن 3 | PD1/TXD — USART transmit or Port D bit 1 |
| پن 4 | PD2/INT0 — External interrupt 0 or Port D bit 2 |
| پن 5 | PD3/INT1/OC2B — External interrupt 1 / Timer2 PWM or Port D bit 3 |
| پن 6 | PD4/T0/XCK — Timer0 clock / USART external clock or Port D bit 4 |
| پن 7 | VCC — Digital supply voltage (2.5V to 5.5V) |
| پن 8 | GND — Ground |
| پن 9 | PB6/XTAL1/TOSC1 — Crystal oscillator input or Port B bit 6 |
| پن 10 | PB7/XTAL2/TOSC2 — Crystal oscillator output or Port B bit 7 |
| پن 11 | PD5/T1/OC0B — Timer1 clock / Timer0 PWM or Port D bit 5 |
| پن 12 | PD6/AIN0/OC0A — Analog comparator positive input / Timer0 PWM or Port D bit 6 |
| پن 13 | PD7/AIN1/OC1A — Analog comparator negative input / Timer1 PWM or Port D bit 7 |
| پن 14 | PB0/ICP1/CLKO — Timer1 input capture / clock output or Port B bit 0 |
| پن 15 | PB1/OC1A — Timer1 PWM output or Port B bit 1 |
| پن 16 | PB2/SS/OC1B — SPI slave select / Timer1 PWM or Port B bit 2 |
| پن 17 | PB3/MOSI/OC2A — SPI Master Out Slave In / Timer2 PWM or Port B bit 3 |
| پن 18 | PB4/MISO — SPI Master In Slave Out or Port B bit 4 |
| پن 19 | PB5/SCK — SPI serial clock or Port B bit 5 |
| پن 20 | AVCC — ADC supply voltage (connect to VCC through low-pass filter) |
| پن 21 | AREF — ADC analog reference input (decouple to GND) |
| پن 22 | GND — Ground |
| پن 23 | PC0/ADC0 — ADC channel 0 or Port C bit 0 |
| پن 24 | PC1/ADC1 — ADC channel 1 or Port C bit 1 |
| پن 25 | PC2/ADC2 — ADC channel 2 or Port C bit 2 |
| پن 26 | PC3/ADC3 — ADC channel 3 or Port C bit 3 |
| پن 27 | PC4/ADC4/SDA — ADC channel 4 / two-wire data or Port C bit 4 |
| پن 28 | PC5/ADC5/SCL — ADC channel 5 / two-wire clock or Port C bit 5 |
عام استعمالات
ATMEGA48PA-PU کے لیے موزوں ہے 6 ایپلیکیشنs: Hobbyist and Educational Prototyping, Battery-Powered Sensor Nodes, Appliance and White-Goods Control, LED Lighting Controllers, Industrial Sensor Interfacing and Data Logging, Simple Embedded Communication Nodes.
Hobbyist and Educational Prototyping
The ATMEGA48PA-PU is a staple of breadboard electronics education because its 0.1-inch PDIP package plugs directly into solderless breadboards without adapters. Its 4 KB Flash is sufficient for classic exercises such as LED sequencing, button debouncing, PWM motor control, and serial telemetry, while the 20 MHz clock and single-cycle RISC execution give students responsive, predictable timing. Programming requires only a low-cost USBasp ISP programmer connected to the SPI header (MOSI/MISO/SCK on pins 17-19). The same footprint accepts ATMEGA88PA-PU or ATMEGA328P-PU upgrades, so a learning board scales with skill level without redesign.
تجویز کردہ
Battery-Powered Sensor Nodes
The picoPower ATMEGA48PA excels in battery-operated sensing where sleep current dominates battery life. In Power-down mode with watchdog running, supply current is in the microamp range per the Microchip datasheet, letting a coin-cell node idle for years between periodic ADC samples. The 10-bit, 8-channel ADC reads temperature, humidity, or light sensors directly, and the two-wire interface talks to I2C sensors at 100-400 kHz. Designers should drive I/O pins to defined levels before sleeping (avoid floating inputs) and select the 2.7V brown-out threshold for 3V coin-cell rails. A 3.3V/8 MHz crystal configuration keeps operation safely inside the frequency-voltage envelope.
تجویز کردہ
Appliance and White-Goods Control
Low-cost appliance control panels - fan speed, temperature cut-offs, indicator LEDs, and membrane-key handling - map naturally onto the ATMEGA48PA-PU's 23 GPIO lines and three timer/counters. The 16-bit timer supports phase-correct PWM for triac or relay phase control, while the internal 8 MHz RC oscillator eliminates crystal cost in non-critical timing applications. The 4 KB Flash holds a full state-machine application with serial diagnostics via the USART. Its industrial -40C to +85C rating covers unventilated appliance interiors, and the DIP package simplifies field-repairable designs or low-volume through-hole assembly in service markets.
تجویز کردہ
LED Lighting Controllers
Dimming and color-mixing LED fixtures benefit from the ATMEGA48PA-PU's hardware PWM: the two 8-bit timers each provide two compare channels and the 16-bit timer adds high-resolution dimming up to roughly 16-bit effective resolution with dithering. Driving MOSFET gate drivers from PB0-PB5 keeps switching losses predictable, and the 5V DIP device tolerates noisy lighting environments better than 3.3V-only MCUs. The ADC monitors supply voltage and LED thermal feedback through an NTC channel, enabling thermal fold-back firmware. At 20 MHz, a 300 Hz PWM carrier with 8-bit resolution and serial DMX-like control protocols fits comfortably in 4 KB.
تجویز کردہ
Industrial Sensor Interfacing and Data Logging
The ATMEGA48PA-PU serves as a low-cost front-end converting analog transducer signals into digital data. Its 10-bit ADC with differential inputs and 1x/20x gain stages measures thermocouple-amplified or bridge signals, while the USART streams readings to a host at up to 115.2 kbps (at 20 MHz). The 256 B EEPROM stores calibration constants that survive power cycles, and the watchdog timer provides autonomous recovery in unmanned installations. For higher-channel-count or 24-bit precision requirements, pair it with external ADCs over SPI. Designers should route AVCC (pin 20) separately through an LC filter and tie AREF to a decoupled reference for best noise performance.
تجویز کردہ
Simple Embedded Communication Nodes
The built-in USART plus SPI and two-wire interfaces make the ATMEGA48PA-PU a practical protocol converter: RS-485 field devices to I2C sensors, SPI EEPROM expansion, or software-UART debug bridges. The 20 MHz clock divides cleanly for standard baud rates (up to 1 Mbps USART in double-speed mode per the datasheet), and pin-change interrupts on all 23 GPIO lines allow bit-banged protocols such as 1-Wire or DHT sensor timing. At 5V, logic levels interface directly with classic RS-485 transceivers. Firmware overhead for framing, CRC, and buffering typically stays under 2 KB, leaving comfortable margin in the 4 KB Flash.
تجویز کردہ
تجویز کردہ پروڈکٹس کا خلاصہ
کے لیے انجینئرنگ ریفرنس ڈیٹا ATMEGA48PA-PU — موازنہ، ڈیزائن رہنمائی، اور تعمیل کی معلومات۔
انتخاب کی گائیڈ
متبادلات کے ساتھ موازنہ
| پیرامیٹر | یہ پروڈکٹ | ATMEGA48A-PU | ATMEGA88PA-PU | ATMEGA168PA-PU | ATMEGA328P-PU | ATMEGA48-20PI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 28-PDIP | 28-PDIP - same | 28-PDIP - same | 28-PDIP - same | 28-PDIP - same | 28-PDIP - same |
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Flash Memory | 4 KB | 4 KB | 8 KB | 16 KB | 32 KB | 4 KB |
| SRAM | 512 B | 512 B | 1 KB | 1 KB | 2 KB | 512 B |
| EEPROM | 256 B | 256 B | 512 B | 512 B | 1 KB | 256 B |
| Max Clock Frequency | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz |
| Supply Voltage Range | 2.5 V to 5.5 V | 2.7 V to 5.5 V | 2.5 V to 5.5 V | 2.5 V to 5.5 V | 1.8 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V |
| Low Power (picoPower) | Yes (PA variant) | No (standard power) | Yes (PA variant) | Yes (PA variant) | Yes (P variant) | No (older generation) |
| Pin Compatibility | 28-pin mega48/88/168/328 DIP footprint | Pin-to-pin compatible | Pin-to-pin compatible | Pin-to-pin compatible | Pin-to-pin compatible | Pin-to-pin compatible |
اہم امتیازی خصوصیات
- picoPower sleep currents in through-hole DIP (بمقابلہATMEGA48A-PU)
- Lowest cost within a scalable pin-compatible family (بمقابلہATMEGA328P-PU)
- Wider low-voltage operation than the older ATmega48 (بمقابلہATMEGA48-20PI)
ڈیزائن نوٹس
Respect the frequency-versus-voltage curve: 20 MHz is safe only at 4.5-5.5V. At 3.3V, limit the clock to roughly 13.3 MHz per the Microchip datasheet; use a 16 MHz crystal only if you accept marginal timing or run at 5V. Connect AVCC (pin 20) to VCC through an LC filter (10 uH + 100 nF) even if the ADC is unused - the datasheet requires AVCC within 0.3V of VCC. Set the brown-out detector via fuses (4.3V for 5V rails, 2.7V for 3.3V) so EEPROM writes are never corrupted during brown-out.
Even in through-hole designs, keep a 100 nF ceramic decoupling capacitor within a few millimeters of VCC (pin 7) and another at AVCC (pin 20). Decouple AREF (pin 21) with 100 nF to GND and never use it as a general power output unless the REFS bits select external reference mode deliberately. The DIP-28 lead inductance is modest, but long breadboard wires on the ISP header (pins 17-19) commonly cause SPI programming failures above 1 MHz SCK - slow the programmer clock if programming is unreliable.
Default fuse settings run the device from the internal 8 MHz RC oscillator divided by 8 (1 MHz), which surprises engineers expecting 20 MHz - set CKOUT/CKSEL fuses for your crystal and disable CKDIV8. Pin 1 (RESET) must be held high via a 10k pull-up; enabling RSTDISBL disables ISP programming. If migrating to ATmega48PB as Microchip's drop-in replacement, note the datasheet cautions: pin 3 must not be actively driven when tied to GND, and pin 6 must not be actively driven when tied to VCC.
Estimated: worst-case dissipation is negligible for this MCU. At 5.5V with a typical active-mode current on the order of 0.2-0.3 mA per MHz (about 5-6 mA at 20 MHz, per datasheet family curves), power is roughly 30 mW - no heatsink or copper pour consideration applies. Thermal design effort should instead go to adjacent power components (regulators, LED drivers). This estimate uses datasheet family typical-current figures; verify against the electrical characteristics table for your exact clock and voltage configuration.
تعمیل کی معلومات
RoHS compliance and lead-free construction per Microchip current-production packaging for ATmega48PA. REACH, halogen-free, and conflict-minerals declarations should be pulled from Microchip's official compliance certificate for the exact date code.
