ATMEGA168PA-AU - 8-bit AVR MCU 20MHz 16KB Flash TQFP-32 | Microchip
MPN: ATMEGA168PA-AU ✓ Hoạt độngATMEGA168PA-AU Tóm tắt
A microcontroller unit (MCU) integrates a processor core, memory, and peripherals on a single chip, sitting at the center of the embedded-systems hierarchy: transistor -> logic IC -> microcontroller -> full system-on-chip. The AVR architecture uses a Harvard design with 32 general-purpose working registers directly connected to the ALU, allowing one-cycle execution of most instructions.
Key features of the ATMEGA168PA-AU include 23 programmable I/O lines, a 6-channel 10-bit ADC, a USART, a byte-oriented Two-Wire Interface (TWI/I2C), an SPI serial port, three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, and six sleep modes down to power-save operation in the sub-1 uA range via the picoPower technology.
The picoPower process delivers class-leading low-power operation: idle current, power-down, and standby modes support battery-powered designs. The enhanced RISC core executes most single-cycle instructions, and a two-cycle hardware multiplier accelerates digital signal processing tasks. In-system programmable (ISP) FLASH with read-while-write support enables field firmware updates.
Typical applications include Arduino-compatible hobby and maker boards, industrial sensor nodes, consumer appliances, and low-cost automotive-adjacent control panels where moderate memory and low power are priorities.
Design consideration: choose the internal 8 MHz RC oscillator for cost-sensitive designs, or drive the external 20 MHz crystal for maximum performance; brown-out detection should be enabled in noisy environments to prevent FLASH corruption.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, pinout data, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
Bộ thay thế dễ dàng lắp đặt cho ATMEGA168PA-AU — cùng gói, chân-to-chân tương thích. Các bộ phận yêu cầu hàn PCB bị loại trừ.
Các biến thể trong loạt này
Các mẫu cùng loạt có thể lắp đặt dễ dàng tương thích với ATMEGA168PA-AU (cùng hình factor và footprint) — khác nhau ở Operating Temperature, Instruction Set, Throughput, Programming Interface, Package.
ATMEGA168P-20AU
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA168A-AU
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA328P-AU
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA88PA-AU
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA168PA-MU
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA168PB-AU
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA168PA-AU Tỷ lệ tối đa & tính chất điện
| Core Size | 8-bit |
| Core Architecture | AVR RISC |
| Tần số xung maksimum | 20 MHz |
| Flash Memory | 16 KB (8K x 16) |
| EEPROM | 512 B |
| SRAM | 1 KB |
| Number of I/O Lines | 23 |
| ADC Resolution | 10-bit |
| ADC Channels | 6 (8 in TQFP: ADC6/ADC7) |
| Supply Voltage Range | 1.8 V to 5.5 V |
| Timers/Counters | 2 x 8-bit, 1 x 16-bit |
| Communication Interfaces | USART, SPI, TWI (I2C) |
| Hộp | 32-TQFP (7x7 mm) |
| Kiểu lắp đặt | Surface Mount |
| Nhiệt độ hoạt động | -40C to +85C |
| Low Power Technology | picoPower |
| In-System Programming | Yes (ISP, read-while-write) |
| Trạng thái RoHS | Compliant |
Cấu hình chân ATMEGA168PA-AU
| Chân 1 | PD3 — Port D bit 3 / GPIO |
| Chân 2 | PD4 — Port D bit 4 / GPIO / XCK (USART external clock) |
| Chân 3 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 4 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 5 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 6 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 7 | PB7 — Port B bit 7 / XTAL2 / OC2A |
| Chân 8 | PB6 — Port B bit 6 / XTAL1 / TOSC1 |
| Chân 9 | PB5 — Port B bit 5 / SCK (SPI) |
| Chân 10 | PB4 — Port B bit 4 / MISO (SPI) |
| Chân 11 | PB3 — Port B bit 3 / MOSI (SPI) / OC2A |
| Chân 12 | PB2 — Port B bit 2 / SS (SPI) / OC1B |
| Chân 13 | PB1 — Port B bit 1 / OC1A |
| Chân 14 | PB0 — Port B bit 0 / ICP1 / CLKO |
| Chân 15 | PD7 — Port D bit 7 / AIN1 (analog comparator) |
| Chân 16 | PD6 — Port D bit 6 / AIN0 (analog comparator) / OC0A |
| Chân 17 | PD5 — Port D bit 5 / T1 / OC0B |
| Chân 18 | PD2 — Port D bit 2 / INT0 / RXD? |
| Chân 19 | ADC6 — ADC input channel 6 (analog only) |
| Chân 20 | PD1 — Port D bit 1 / TXD (USART transmit) |
| Chân 21 | PD0 — Port D bit 0 / RXD (USART receive) |
| Chân 22 | ADC7 — ADC input channel 7 (analog only) |
| Chân 23 | PC6 — Port C bit 6 / RESET (active-low reset) |
| Chân 24 | PC5 — Port C bit 5 / ADC5 / SCL (TWI) |
| Chân 25 | PC4 — Port C bit 4 / ADC4 / SDA (TWI) |
| Chân 26 | PC3 — Port C bit 3 / ADC3 |
| Chân 27 | PC2 — Port C bit 2 / ADC2 |
| Chân 28 | PC1 — Port C bit 1 / ADC1 |
| Chân 29 | PC0 — Port C bit 0 / ADC0 |
| Chân 30 | AREF — Analog reference for ADC |
| Chân 31 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 32 | AVCC — ADC supply voltage |
Ứng dụng tiêu biểu
ATMEGA168PA-AU phù hợp cho 6 Áp dụngs: Arduino-Compatible Maker Boards, Battery-Powered Sensor Nodes, Industrial Control Panels, Consumer Appliance Control, Automotive-Adjacent Body Electronics, Educational and Prototyping Platforms.
Arduino-Compatible Maker Boards
The ATMEGA168PA-AU is the classic silicon of Arduino Nano-class boards, providing 16 KB FLASH for bootloaders plus sketches, 23 GPIO mapped to Arduino pins D0-D13 and A0-A7, and a hardware USART for the USB-serial bridge. Market listings on Amazon and AliExpress explicitly offer ATMEGA168PA-AU Nano-compatible replacement boards, confirming ecosystem support. Running at 16 MHz from a 5 V rail, it delivers 16 MIPS with the standard Arduino bootloader, and its TWI/SPI peripherals support the shield and sensor ecosystem. For repairs and clones, the chip is a direct, no-rework replacement for original Nano controllers.
Được đề xuất
Battery-Powered Sensor Nodes
The picoPower technology of the ATMEGA168PA-AU makes it well suited to battery-operated sensor nodes that sleep for seconds or hours between measurements. In power-down mode the device draws well under 1 uA with the watchdog disabled, while the asynchronous Timer 2 keeps an RTC running in power-save mode at microamp-level current. A node can wake on pin-change interrupt, sample its 10-bit ADC, transmit over the USART or SPI to a radio module, and return to sleep within milliseconds, stretching a coin cell or two-AA battery budget to years. Operating down to 1.8 V allows direct supply from lithium coin cells without a regulator.
Được đề xuất
Industrial Control Panels
In industrial panels, the ATMEGA168PA-AU provides deterministic 8-bit control with a -40C to +85C industrial temperature rating, brown-out detector, and watchdog timer for autonomous fault recovery. Its 16 KB FLASH holds protocol logic for Modbus-over-UART implementations, while the TWI interface gathers data from front-end ADCs and display controllers. The 10-bit ADC reads potentiometers and current-sense outputs, and three timer/counters generate PWM for actuator or heater control. ISP FLASH with read-while-write lets service technicians reflash firmware in the field through the existing 6-pin ISP header without desoldering the MCU.
Được đề xuất
Consumer Appliance Control
Home appliances such as coffee makers, fans, and small cookers use the ATMEGA168PA-AU for low-cost user-interface control. The chip drives 7-segment or matrix LED displays via timer-multiplexed GPIO, reads capacitive or mechanical buttons on ADC channels, and generates buzzer tones and triac-phase-control PWM. Operating directly from a 5 V linear supply eliminates regulator cost, and the internal 8 MHz RC oscillator removes the crystal BOM line for price-sensitive products. With 16 KB FLASH there is ample room for menu logic, EEPROM-backed user settings (512 B EEPROM survives power cycles), and safety interlock code.
Được đề xuất
Automotive-Adjacent Body Electronics
While not AEC-Q100 qualified, the ATMEGA168PA-AU is used in non-safety automotive-adjacent accessories such as aftermarket lighting controllers, dash accessories, and marine/leisure-vehicle gadgets. The wide 1.8-5.5 V supply range tolerates 12 V-rail transients when paired with a simple regulator, the watchdog timer guarantees recovery from electrical noise, and GPIO with change interrupts decode encoder and switch inputs. PWM timers drive LED headlights and RGB accent lighting at up to 20 mA per pin, expanded by external drivers. The 10-bit ADC reads battery voltage via dividers for low-voltage disconnect protection logic.
Được đề xuất
Educational and Prototyping Platforms
The ATMEGA168PA-AU is a staple of embedded-systems education because the AVR architecture is simple, fully documented in the 662-page family datasheet, and programmable with free tools (AVR-GCC, Microchip Studio, Arduino IDE). DIP-to-TQFP adapter boards and low-cost ISP programmers make lab use inexpensive. Students learn register-level peripherals - USART, TWI, SPI, ADC, timers - without abstraction-layer overhead, and the device runs the same binaries as its larger ATMEGA328P-AU sibling, easing migration to production. University robotics and IoT courses routinely deploy it on custom carrier PCBs with standard 2.54 mm headers.
Được đề xuất
Tóm tắt các sản phẩm được đề xuất
Dữ liệu tham khảo kỹ thuật cho ATMEGA168PA-AU — so sánh, hướng dẫn thiết kế và thông tin tuân thủ.
Hướng dẫn chọn lựa
So sánh với các sản phẩm thay thế
| Tham số | Sản phẩm này | ATMEGA168P-20AU | ATMEGA328P-AU | ATMEGA88PA-AU | ATMEGA168PB-AU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 32-TQFP (7x7 mm) | 32-TQFP (7x7 mm) - same | 32-TQFP (7x7 mm) - same | 32-TQFP (7x7 mm) - same | 32-TQFP (7x7 mm) - same |
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Flash Memory | 16 KB | 16 KB | 32 KB | 8 KB | 16 KB |
| SRAM | 1 KB | 1 KB | 2 KB | 1 KB | 1 KB |
| Max Clock Frequency | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz |
| Timers | 2x 8-bit, 1x 16-bit | 2x 8-bit, 1x 16-bit | 2x 8-bit, 1x 16-bit | 2x 8-bit, 1x 16-bit | 2x 8-bit, 2x 16-bit |
| picoPower Low Sleep Current | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
Bảo phân biệt quan trọng
- picoPower sleep optimization at identical memory size (vsATMEGA168A-AU)
- Cost-efficient 16 KB mid-tier memory point (vsATMEGA328P-AU)
- 2x program memory over the low-cost tier (vsATMEGA88PA-AU)
- Proven legacy availability (vsATMEGA168PB-AU)
Ghi chú thiết kế
Decouple both VCC pins (4 and 6) and AVCC (pin 32) with 100 nF ceramic capacitors placed within 2-3 mm of each pin, plus a 10 uF bulk capacitor near the supply entry. Connect AVCC to VCC through a low-pass LC filter (10 uH + 100 nF) when ADC accuracy matters, keeping analog routing away from USART/SPI switching lines. AREF should have a 100 nF capacitor to ground; never place a capacitor on AREF when using the internal reference in noisy designs without consulting the ADC section of the datasheet.
Clock frequency is voltage-derated: the full 20 MHz rating applies only at 4.5-5.5 V. At 3.3 V, stay at or below roughly 13.3 MHz per the 'Maximum Frequency vs. VCC' curve to avoid marginal operation. Pin 23 (PC6/RESET) must not be left floating; tie it to VCC via a 10 k pull-up and add a programming header. When using PC6 as reset, disable JTAG is not applicable but ensure the RSTDISBL fuse is never set unintentionally - it permanently disables external reset and can brick in-circuit programming.
For battery designs, use power-down mode with the watchdog disabled for sub-uA sleep, and wake on level-change interrupts on PD2/PD3 (INT0/INT1) or pin-change interrupts on any GPIO. Estimated: a node sleeping 99.9% of the time at 0.1 uA and active 0.1% at 5 mA/3 V averages roughly 5 uA - about 5.7 years on a 250 mAh CR2032, excluding sensor and radio budget. Verify exact currents against the datasheet power-management characterization graphs for your voltage and temperature.
Drive XTAL1/XTAL2 (pins 8/7) with a parallel-resonant crystal matched to the datasheet's recommended load capacitance (typically 12-22 pF - verify in the clock section) with short, guarded traces. For EMI-sensitive designs, configure the CKOUT fuse off and prefer the internal 8 MHz RC oscillator, which removes radiating crystal traces entirely. Keep SPI clock lines under 10 cm stub length and series-terminate 33R on long SCK runs to reduce ringing on cable-connected peripherals.
Thông tin tuân thủ
RoHS compliant per Microchip product listings on DigiKey/LCSC. REACH, halogen-free, and conflict-minerals status not stated in provided data.