ATMEGA328P-MN - AVR 8-bit MCU 20MHz 32KB Flash 32-VQFN | Microchip
MPN: ATMEGA328P-MN ✓ Hoạt độngATMEGA328P-MN Tóm tắt
A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer that integrates a CPU, memory (Flash for program, SRAM for data, EEPROM for non-volatile storage), and programmable peripherals on one die. The ATmega328P belongs to the AVR enhanced RISC architecture family, which executes most instructions in a single clock cycle, enabling deterministic timing essential for real-time embedded control. Within the broader taxonomy, the ATmega328P-MN is a microcontroller -> embedded processor -> semiconductor device, and is the canonical MCU used on Arduino Uno and Arduino Nano carrier boards.
Key features include 131 RISC instructions, a debugWIRE on-chip debug interface, six PWM channels, a 10-bit ADC, programmable watchdog timer with separate on-chip oscillator, and five software-selectable power-saving modes that drop quiescent current below 1 µA in power-down mode. Internal 8 MHz and 128 kHz RC oscillators reduce external component count for cost-sensitive designs.
The device is built on a low-power CMOS process with an advanced Harvard architecture that separates program and data buses for simultaneous fetch and write, achieving throughput up to 20 MIPS at 20 MHz. Hardware multipliers and true single-cycle execution make it well suited to deterministic control loops in sensor processing and communication bridging.
Typical applications include Arduino-compatible maker boards, consumer appliance controllers, sensor data acquisition nodes, battery-powered IoT endpoints, industrial 4-20 mA loop interfaces, and hobby/educational platforms. Designers choose the ATmega328P-MN for its mature toolchain (avr-gcc, Arduino IDE, Atmel Studio), abundant reference designs, and the broad availability of code libraries.
Design tip: When migrating from the plastic DIP-28 (ATMEGA328P-PU) footprint used on the classic Arduino Uno to the QFN-32 package, ensure your PCB includes a thermal pad with at least 6 ground vias to dissipate the package's heat under high CPU load, and use a 0.5 mm pitch land pattern that respects the JEDEC MSL3 moisture sensitivity.
This page synthesizes live distributor pricing, drop-in VQFN-32 alternatives (ATMEGA328PB-MN, ATMEGA328-MN, ATMEGA168P-MN), and engineering guidance not aggregated on a single OEM datasheet page.
Bộ thay thế dễ dàng lắp đặt cho ATMEGA328P-MN — cùng gói, chân-to-chân tương thích. Các bộ phận yêu cầu hàn PCB bị loại trừ.
Các biến thể trong loạt này
Các mẫu cùng loạt có thể lắp đặt dễ dàng tương thích với ATMEGA328P-MN (cùng hình factor và footprint) — khác nhau ở ADC, Communication Interfaces, EEPROM, Package, SRAM.
ATMEGA328PB-MN
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA328-MN
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
ATMEGA168P-MN
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
ATMEGA88P-MN
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
ATMEGA48P-MN
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
ATMEGA328P-MN Tỷ lệ tối đa & tính chất điện
| Core Architecture | AVR 8-bit RISC |
| Program Memory (Flash) | 32 KB (16K x 16) |
| SRAM | 2 KB |
| EEPROM | 1 KB |
| Maximum CPU Speed | 20 MHz |
| Điện áp cung cấp | 1.8 V to 5.5 V |
| Throughput | Up to 20 MIPS at 20 MHz |
| Programmable I/O Lines | 23 |
| ADC | 6 channels, 10-bit |
| Timers | 2x 8-bit, 1x 16-bit |
| PWM Channels | 6 |
| Communication Interfaces | 1x USART, 1x SPI, 1x TWI (I2C) |
| Nhiệt độ hoạt động | -40 °C to +105 °C |
| Hộp | 32-pin VQFN (5x5 mm) |
| Kiểu lắp đặt | Surface Mount |
| Trạng thái RoHS | Compliant |
| Debug Interface | debugWIRE |
Cấu hình chân ATMEGA328P-MN
| Chân 1 | PD3 (OC2B, INT1) — PORTD bit 3, Timer/Counter2 compare B, external interrupt 1 |
| Chân 2 | PD4 (T0, XCK) — PORTD bit 4, Timer0 external clock, USART0 clock |
| Chân 3 | GND — Digital ground |
| Chân 4 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 5 | GND — Digital ground |
| Chân 6 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 7 | PD5 (OC0B, T1) — PORTD bit 5, Timer0 compare B, Timer1 external clock |
| Chân 8 | PD6 (OC0A, AIN0) — PORTD bit 6, Timer0 compare A, analog comparator +input |
| Chân 9 | PD7 (OC2A, AIN1) — PORTD bit 7, Timer2 compare A, analog comparator -input |
| Chân 10 | PB0 (ICP1, CLKO) — PORTB bit 0, Timer1 input capture, system clock output |
| Chân 11 | PB1 (OC1A) — PORTB bit 1, Timer1 compare A |
| Chân 12 | PB2 (OC1B, SS) — PORTB bit 2, Timer1 compare B, SPI slave select |
| Chân 13 | PB3 (MOSI, OC2A) — PORTB bit 3, SPI MOSI, Timer2 compare A |
| Chân 14 | PB4 (MISO) — PORTB bit 4, SPI MISO |
| Chân 15 | PB5 (SCK) — PORTB bit 5, SPI clock |
| Chân 16 | PB6 (XTAL1, TOSC1) — PORTB bit 6, crystal oscillator pin 1, Timer2 oscillator pin 1 |
| Chân 17 | PB7 (XTAL2, TOSC2) — PORTB bit 7, crystal oscillator pin 2, Timer2 oscillator pin 2 |
| Chân 18 | AREF — ADC reference voltage input |
| Chân 19 | GND — Digital ground |
| Chân 20 | AVCC — Analog supply voltage |
| Chân 21 | ADC7 — ADC channel 7 |
| Chân 22 | ADC6 — ADC channel 6 |
| Chân 23 | PC0 (ADC0) — PORTC bit 0, ADC channel 0 |
| Chân 24 | PC1 (ADC1) — PORTC bit 1, ADC channel 1 |
| Chân 25 | PC2 (ADC2) — PORTC bit 2, ADC channel 2 |
| Chân 26 | PC3 (ADC3) — PORTC bit 3, ADC channel 3 |
| Chân 27 | PC4 (SDA) — PORTC bit 4, I2C data |
| Chân 28 | PC5 (SCL) — PORTC bit 5, I2C clock |
| Chân 29 | PC6 (RESET) — PORTC bit 6, reset (active low) |
| Chân 30 | PD0 (RXD) — PORTD bit 0, USART0 RX |
| Chân 31 | PD1 (TXD) — PORTD bit 1, USART0 TX |
| Chân 32 | PD2 (INT0) — PORTD bit 2, external interrupt 0 |
| Chân 33 | EP — Exposed thermal pad (must be soldered to ground for thermal performance) |
Ứng dụng tiêu biểu
ATMEGA328P-MN phù hợp cho 6 Áp dụngs: Arduino-Compatible Maker Boards, Battery-Powered IoT Sensor Nodes, Industrial 4-20 mA Loop Transmitters, Consumer Appliance Control Boards, Educational and STEM Platforms, Hobby Robotics and Servo Control.
Arduino-Compatible Maker Boards
The ATMEGA328P-MN is the surface-mount VQFN-32 die behind most Arduino-compatible boards, including the Arduino Nano and the SMD variants of the Uno. Its 20 MHz AVR core and 32 KB Flash run the Arduino boot loader and the full avr-gcc library set unmodified, while 23 programmable I/O lines expose PWM, ADC, and I2C/SPI for shields and breakout boards. The 105 °C operating range and 1.8 V–5.5 V supply tolerance let the same part serve 3.3 V Feather-class boards and legacy 5 V boards without redesign.
Được đề xuất
Battery-Powered IoT Sensor Nodes
The ATMEGA328P-MN's five software-selectable power-saving modes (Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-save, Power-down, Standby) drop quiescent current below 1 µA in power-down mode while retaining the ability to wake on watchdog, external interrupt, or pin change. With 1.8 V operation it runs directly from a single Li-FePO4 cell, and its 32 KB Flash accommodates Over-the-Air update code for LoRaWAN or Zigbee stack bring-up. Real-world designs typically see 3–5 year battery life on a 2400 mAh cell when the MCU sleeps between sensor reads.
Được đề xuất
Industrial 4-20 mA Loop Transmitters
The ATMEGA328P-MN's 10-bit ADC with six channels and 1.8 V–5.5 V analog supply range matches the signal levels from 4-20 mA current loops and bridge sensors. Its hardware TWI (I2C) and SPI peripherals drive external DACs and digital isolators, while the watchdog timer and brown-out detector provide the supervisory functions demanded by industrial process-control standards. –40 °C to +105 °C operation handles the typical industrial enclosure temperature range without derating.
Được đề xuất
Consumer Appliance Control Boards
In washing machines, coffee makers, and HVAC zone controllers, the ATMEGA328P-MN's six PWM channels drive TRIACs, MOSFETs, and variable-frequency drives, while its USART interfaces to main-display or Wi-Fi modules. The 32 KB Flash supports capacitive-touch firmware and safety-state machines, and the –40 °C to +105 °C rating meets appliance under-hood thermal stress. Combined with its sub-$3 reel price, it offers the best MCU price/performance for high-volume consumer SKUs shipping in the millions of units per year.
Được đề xuất
Educational and STEM Platforms
The ATMEGA328P-MN is the de-facto learning MCU in universities and maker spaces because the avr-gcc, Arduino IDE, and Microchip Studio all target it as a first-class citizen. Its 32 KB Flash holds the standard Arduino boot loader plus user sketches, and the debugWIRE interface supports single-pin in-circuit debugging from low-cost tools such as the Atmel-ICE and the AVR Dragon. Students benefit from deterministic single-cycle instruction execution, which makes timing tutorials and assembly primer labs reproducible on every board revision.
Được đề xuất
Hobby Robotics and Servo Control
Robotics hobbyists rely on the ATMEGA328P-MN to drive multi-servo gimbals, BLDC ESC interfaces, and sensor fusion loops at the heart of hexapods, robotic arms, and pan-tilt gimbals. The 16-bit Timer/Counter1 supports high-precision PWM in the 50 Hz servo range, and the six PWM outputs cover typical 4–6 servo limbs without external drivers. The 32 KB Flash accommodates inverse-kinematics libraries and IMU fusion filters; the I2C bus ties in MPU6050 / BNO055 IMUs directly without glue logic.
Được đề xuất
Tóm tắt các sản phẩm được đề xuất
Dữ liệu tham khảo kỹ thuật cho ATMEGA328P-MN — so sánh, hướng dẫn thiết kế và thông tin tuân thủ.
Hướng dẫn chọn lựa
So sánh với các sản phẩm thay thế
| Tham số | Sản phẩm này | ATMEGA328PB-MN | ATMEGA328-MN | ATMEGA168P-MN | ATMEGA88P-MN | ATMEGA48P-MN |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | VQFN-32 (5x5 mm) | VQFN-32 (5x5 mm) - same | VQFN-32 (5x5 mm) - same | VQFN-32 (5x5 mm) - same | VQFN-32 (5x5 mm) - same | VQFN-32 (5x5 mm) - same |
| Program Memory (Flash) | 32 KB | 32 KB | 32 KB | 16 KB | 8 KB | 4 KB |
| SRAM | 2 KB | 2 KB | 2 KB | 1 KB | 1 KB | 512 B |
| EEPROM | 1 KB | 1 KB | 1 KB | 512 B | 256 B | 256 B |
| Max CPU Speed | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz |
| Supply Voltage | 1.8 V to 5.5 V | 1.8 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 1.8 V to 5.5 V | 1.8 V to 5.5 V | 1.8 V to 5.5 V |
| PWM Channels | 6 | 9 (+3 vs base) | 6 | 6 | 6 | 6 |
| USART / SPI / TWI | 1 / 1 / 1 | 2 / 2 / 1 (+1 USART, +1 SPI) | 1 / 1 / 1 | 1 / 1 / 1 | 1 / 1 / 1 | 1 / 1 / 1 |
Bảo phân biệt quan trọng
- Highest Flash density in the VQFN-32 8-bit AVR family (vsATMEGA168P-MN)
- Backwards-compatible peripheral upgrade path (vsATMEGA328PB-MN)
- PicoPower (P-variant) low-voltage operation (vsATMEGA328-MN)
- Mature, broadest ecosystem and code-library compatibility (vsATMEGA88P-MN)
Ghi chú thiết kế
The 32-pin VQFN package requires that the exposed thermal pad (pin 33) be soldered directly to a ground copper pour with at least six thermal vias (0.3 mm drill, 0.6 mm pads) stitching to inner ground planes. At 20 MHz with all peripherals running, the die dissipates roughly 30 mW; without a thermal pad the junction-to-ambient thermal resistance can climb above 70 C/W, violating the 105 °C ceiling in enclosed housings. Use at least 1 oz copper on the top layer beneath the device for best thermal relief.
Place the 0.1 µF VCC decoupling capacitor within 2 mm of pin 4 (and pin 20 AVCC), with a 10 µF bulk capacitor on the same rail no more than 20 mm away. Route the crystal traces (PB6/XTAL1, PB7/XTAL2) as short, ground-guarded differential pairs under 10 mm, and add 22 pF load capacitors to GND within 3 mm of each pin. Avoid routing high-speed SPI or USART lines across the crystal region to prevent jitter and EMI.
Estimated: when migrating from ATMEGA328P-PU (DIP-28) to -MN (VQFN-32), the ADC channels 6 and 7 are mapped to dedicated analog-only pins (no digital function) and C6 lacks RESET functionality, requiring a 10 kΩ pull-up to VCC and the fuse set to disable RESET (RSTDISBL programmed). Designers commonly forget that an unprogrammed -PU will draw 5 mA continuously because the internal pull-up on the RESET pin keeps the chip in reset without a clean high level.
Activate the Brown-out Detector (BOD) fuse at 2.7 V threshold for all battery-powered designs to guarantee predictable reset behavior below the safe operating range. In power-down mode the ATMEGA328P-MN draws less than 1 µA with the watchdog disabled; enabling the watchdog adds roughly 4 µA. Wake sources can be WDT, INT0/INT1 external interrupts, or pin-change interrupts on PORTB — disable unused analog comparators and the ADC (PRR register) to reach the bottom of the datasheet's power curve.
Thông tin tuân thủ
RoHS and REACH compliant per the Microchip material declaration page. Not AEC-Q100 qualified: for automotive safety-critical applications use an AEC-Q100 grade part such as the PIC18F46K22-I/PT or ATSAM series. Lead-free VQFN-32 package is MSL3 rated; observe JEDEC J-STD-033 moisture bake procedures before reflow.
