PIC16F77-I/ML - 14KB Flash 8-bit MCU, 44-QFN | Microchip
MPN: PIC16F77-I/ML ✓ Hoạt độngPIC16F77-I/ML Tóm tắt
A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer that integrates a CPU core, program memory, working RAM, peripherals, and interrupt logic in one package; the PIC16F77 belongs to the PIC16 family of 8-bit RISC microcontrollers, which use a Harvard-architecture RISC instruction set with single-cycle execution (excluding branches), widely adopted for low-power embedded control. Within the broader taxonomy, MCUs sit under embedded processors, alongside microprocessors (MPUs) and DSPs, and serve applications requiring deterministic real-time response, low standby current, and minimal external component count.
Key features include 8 channels of 8-bit Analog-to-Digital conversion, two additional 8-bit timers (Timer2 and Timer3), two Capture/Compare/PWM modules, a synchronous serial port configurable as either 3-wire SPI or 2-wire I2C, and a USART for point-to-point asynchronous or synchronous serial communication. The PIC16F77 also integrates a 14-bit instruction word Flash program memory and supports in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) through the RB6/RB7 pins, enabling field firmware updates without removal from the board.
Typical applications include industrial control systems, sensor signal acquisition nodes, motor control peripherals, instrumentation data loggers, HVAC controller boards, and low-to-medium complexity consumer appliances. With its 8-channel ADC and dual PWM, the PIC16F77 is particularly suited to multi-loop closed-loop control such as fan RPM regulation, lighting dimming, or simple variable-frequency drive interface boards.
When designing with this device, ensure adequate decoupling on VDD/AVDD and a 4 MHz or higher crystal is only required when UART baud-rate accuracy matters; the internal 4 MHz RC oscillator can be used for cost-sensitive designs. The 44-QFN exposed pad must be soldered to a ground pour to meet the datasheet's thermal specifications; failure to solder the EP will exceed the absolute maximum junction temperature under typical load.
Bộ thay thế dễ dàng lắp đặt cho PIC16F77-I/ML — cùng gói, chân-to-chân tương thích. Các bộ phận yêu cầu hàn PCB bị loại trừ.
Các biến thể trong loạt này
Các mẫu cùng loạt có thể lắp đặt dễ dàng tương thích với PIC16F77-I/ML (cùng hình factor và footprint) — khác nhau ở Package, Serial Interfaces, Timers, ADC, Core Architecture.
PIC16F777-I/ML
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →PIC16F74-I/ML
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Xem tài liệu →PIC16F747-I/ML
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →PIC16F767-I/ML
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →PIC16F877A-I/ML
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →PIC16F77-I/ML Tỷ lệ tối đa & tính chất điện
| Product Family | PIC16F (mid-range 8-bit) |
| Program Memory Type | Flash (in-system programmable) |
| Program Memory Size | 14 KB |
| RAM | 368 bytes |
| CPU Core | 8-bit PIC16 RISC (Harvard architecture) |
| Tần số xung maksimum | 20 MHz |
| Operating Voltage Range | 2.0 V to 5.5 V |
| Khoảng nhiệt độ hoạt động | -40 C to +85 C (Industrial) |
| I/O Pins | 33 |
| ADC Channels | 8 channels, 8-bit resolution |
| Timers | 3 (Timer0, Timer1, Timer2) |
| Capture/Compare/PWM | 2 modules (CCP) |
| Serial Interfaces | 1x SSP (SPI or I2C), 1x USART/SCI |
| Hộp | 44-pin VQFN (ML) with exposed pad, 8x8 mm |
| Kiểu lắp đặt | Surface Mount |
| ICSP (In-Circuit Serial Programming) | Yes (RB6/RB7) |
| Instruction Set | 35 instructions, 14-bit word |
| Trạng thái RoHS | Compliant |
Cấu hình chân PIC16F77-I/ML
| Chân 1 | RA0/AN0 — PORTA bit 0 / Analog input 0 |
| Chân 2 | RA1/AN1 — PORTA bit 1 / Analog input 1 |
| Chân 3 | RA2/AN2/VREF- — PORTA bit 2 / Analog input 2 / ADC VREF- |
| Chân 4 | RA3/AN3/VREF+ — PORTA bit 3 / Analog input 3 / ADC VREF+ |
| Chân 5 | RA4/T0CKI — PORTA bit 4 / Timer0 clock input |
| Chân 6 | RA5/AN4/SS — PORTA bit 5 / Analog input 4 / SPI Slave Select |
| Chân 7 | OSC1/CLKIN — Oscillator input / external clock |
| Chân 8 | OSC2/CLKOUT — Oscillator output |
| Chân 9 | RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI — PORTC bit 0 / Timer1 oscillator output |
| Chân 10 | RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 — PORTC bit 1 / Timer1 oscillator input / CCP2 |
| Chân 11 | RC2/CCP1 — PORTC bit 2 / CCP1 PWM output |
| Chân 12 | RC3/SCK/SCL — PORTC bit 3 / SPI clock / I2C clock |
| Chân 13 | RD0/PSP0 — PORTD bit 0 / Parallel Slave Port bit 0 |
| Chân 14 | RD1/PSP1 — PORTD bit 1 / Parallel Slave Port bit 1 |
| Chân 15 | RD2/PSP2 — PORTD bit 2 / Parallel Slave Port bit 2 |
| Chân 16 | RD3/PSP3 — PORTD bit 3 / Parallel Slave Port bit 3 |
| Chân 17 | RC4/SDI/SDA — PORTC bit 4 / SPI data in / I2C data |
| Chân 18 | RC5/SDO — PORTC bit 5 / SPI data out |
| Chân 19 | RC6/TX/CK — PORTC bit 6 / USART TX / clock |
| Chân 20 | RC7/RX — PORTC bit 7 / USART RX |
| Chân 21 | RD4/PSP4 — PORTD bit 4 / Parallel Slave Port bit 4 |
| Chân 22 | RD5/PSP5 — PORTD bit 5 / Parallel Slave Port bit 5 |
| Chân 23 | RD6/PSP6 — PORTD bit 6 / Parallel Slave Port bit 6 |
| Chân 24 | RD7/PSP7 — PORTD bit 7 / Parallel Slave Port bit 7 |
| Chân 25 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Chân 26 | VDD — Positive supply (2.0V to 5.5V) |
| Chân 27 | RB0/INT — PORTB bit 0 / External interrupt |
| Chân 28 | RB1 — PORTB bit 1 |
| Chân 29 | RB2 — PORTB bit 2 |
| Chân 30 | RB3/PGM — PORTB bit 3 / Low-voltage programming |
| Chân 31 | RB4 — PORTB bit 4 |
| Chân 32 | RB5 — PORTB bit 5 |
| Chân 33 | RB6/PGC — PORTB bit 6 / ICSP clock |
| Chân 34 | RB7/PGD — PORTB bit 7 / ICSP data |
| Chân 35 | RE0/RD/AN5 — PORTE bit 0 / Read control / Analog input 5 |
| Chân 36 | RE1/WR/AN6 — PORTE bit 1 / Write control / Analog input 6 |
| Chân 37 | RE2/CS/AN7 — PORTE bit 2 / Chip select / Analog input 7 |
| Chân 38 | MCLR/VPP — Master clear reset / programming voltage |
| Chân 39 | RA6 — PORTA bit 6 |
| Chân 40 | RA7 — PORTA bit 7 |
| Chân 41 | NC — Not connected |
| Chân 42 | NC — Not connected |
| Chân 43 | NC — Not connected |
| Chân 44 | NC — Not connected |
| Chân 45 | EP — Exposed thermal pad - must be soldered to PCB ground plane for thermal performance |
Ứng dụng tiêu biểu
PIC16F77-I/ML phù hợp cho 6 Áp dụngs: Industrial Sensor Data Acquisition, HVAC Fan and Pump Motor Control, Consumer Appliance Control (Washing Machines, Microwave Ovens), Battery-Powered Remote Sensor Nodes, Educational and Hobbyist Embedded Projects, Instrumentation Front Panels and Display Controllers.
Industrial Sensor Data Acquisition
The PIC16F77-I/ML is well suited to multi-channel industrial sensor acquisition boards that need to digitize 4-8 analog signals at modest rates. Its 8-channel 8-bit ADC with configurable conversion clock lets engineers sample temperature, pressure, and flow sensors sequentially without an external multiplexer, while the 20 MHz CPU provides enough headroom for averaging, scaling, and HMI communication on the USART or I2C bus. The wide 2.0V-5.5V supply range supports both 3.3V and 5V sensor rails. For designers considering the PIC16F77 in this role, the trade-off versus the newer PIC16F877A is resolution (8-bit vs 10-bit ADC) - choose PIC16F77-I/ML when sub-1% measurement accuracy is not required.
Được đề xuất
HVAC Fan and Pump Motor Control
For closed-loop fan RPM or pump flow control, the PIC16F77-I/ML provides two CCP/PWM outputs capable of driving MOSFET gates directly through a small gate driver, plus one CCP for tachometer feedback capture. Its industrial -40C to +85C temperature rating and 33 I/O pins allow direct interface to speed sensors, thermistors, and front-panel keypads without external logic. The USART can stream telemetry to a building management system at 9600 or 19200 baud. Compared with newer PIC16F1xxx devices, the PIC16F77's lower cost remains attractive in high-volume HVAC boards where software investment is already amortized.
Được đề xuất
Consumer Appliance Control (Washing Machines, Microwave Ovens)
White goods such as washing machines, dishwashers, and microwave ovens benefit from the PIC16F77-I/ML's combination of 14 KB Flash (enough for state-machine control plus display drivers), 8 ADC channels (for water level, temperature, humidity), and I2C / USART peripherals (for display modules and inverter boards). The 44-pin QFN package enables compact PCB layouts typical of appliance main control boards. Industrial temperature rating allows operation in oven and motor compartments.
Được đề xuất
Battery-Powered Remote Sensor Nodes
The PIC16F77-I/ML supports battery-powered wireless sensor designs through its low-power sleep modes (down to sub-1uA standby with proper configuration) and fast wake-up on interrupt. Combined with an SPI-connected radio module (such as MRF24J40 or RN2483), engineers can build star-topology sensor networks for agricultural monitoring, building automation, or asset tracking. The 2.0V minimum supply lets the device run directly from a single 2xAA cell for most of its discharge curve. With 33 I/O pins, multiple sensors can be multiplexed without external logic.
Được đề xuất
Educational and Hobbyist Embedded Projects
The PIC16F77-I/ML is widely used in university microcontroller courses and hobbyist projects due to its mature toolchain (MPLAB X IDE, PICKit3-4 programmers), extensive application notes, and forgiving 5V-tolerant I/O. The 14 KB Flash is large enough for multi-semester projects involving displays, sensors, and serial communication. The exposed-pad QFN package suits modern reflow-soldered PCBs but requires careful thermal pad soldering per manufacturer guidelines.
Được đề xuất
Instrumentation Front Panels and Display Controllers
For bench-top instruments such as power supplies, signal generators, and laboratory data loggers, the PIC16F77-I/ML can act as the front-panel display and keypad controller while a higher-end DSP or FPGA handles the measurement core. Its SPI/I2C master capability drives OLED or character LCD displays directly, and the USART streams setpoints to the host processor. The 33 I/O pins accommodate 4x4 keypads plus rotary encoder inputs.
Được đề xuất
Tóm tắt các sản phẩm được đề xuất
Dữ liệu tham khảo kỹ thuật cho PIC16F77-I/ML — so sánh, hướng dẫn thiết kế và thông tin tuân thủ.
Hướng dẫn chọn lựa
So sánh với các sản phẩm thay thế
| Tham số | Sản phẩm này | PIC16F777-I/ML | PIC16F74-I/ML | PIC16F747-I/ML | PIC16F767-I/ML | PIC16F877A-I/ML |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 44-pin VQFN (ML) 8x8 mm | 44-pin VQFN (ML) - same | 44-pin VQFN (ML) - same | 44-pin VQFN (ML) - same | 44-pin VQFN (ML) - same | 44-pin VQFN (ML) - same |
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Program Memory | 14 KB Flash | 14 KB Flash | 7 KB Flash (-50%) | 7 KB Flash (-50%) | 14 KB Flash | 14 KB Flash |
| ADC Resolution | 8-bit | 8-bit | 8-bit | 8-bit | 8-bit | 10-bit |
| ADC Channels | 8 | 8 | 8 | 8 | 11 | 8 |
| Operating Voltage | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 2.0 V to 5.5 V |
| CCP Modules | 2 standard CCP | 2 enhanced CCP | 2 standard CCP | 2 enhanced CCP | 2 enhanced CCP | 2 standard CCP |
Bảo phân biệt quan trọng
- Largest Flash memory in PIC16F7x 44-QFN family (vsPIC16F74-I/ML)
- Higher ADC resolution available in same-footprint upgrade (vsPIC16F877A-I/ML)
- Enhanced CCP module for advanced PWM (vsPIC16F777-I/ML)
- More ADC channels in same package (vsPIC16F767-I/ML)
Ghi chú thiết kế
The 44-pin QFN (ML) package has an exposed thermal pad (pin 45) that MUST be soldered to a PCB ground plane of at least 1 square inch of copper to meet the datasheet thermal resistance spec. Without proper EP soldering, theta_JA rises dramatically and the device may exceed absolute maximum junction temperature (+150C) under typical industrial load. Use an array of thermal vias under the EP to conduct heat to inner PCB copper layers.
Place a 100 nF ceramic decoupling capacitor within 3 mm of each VDD pin (pin 26) and a single 10 uF bulk tantalum or ceramic capacitor at the board power entry. The AVdd/AVss pins (where present on this family) require a separate 100 nF decoupling cap and a ferrite bead from Vdd for ADC accuracy. Keep ADC analog inputs (RA<9:0> / RE<0:2>) routed away from switching converter or PWM traces to preserve signal-to-noise ratio.
When migrating PIC16F77 firmware to PIC16F74 or PIC16F747, confirm that compiled program memory fits within the alternative's 7 KB Flash limit - firmware written for the F77's 14 KB Flash will not fit without optimization. Configuration bits (especially the oscillator selection and watchdog timer enable) differ slightly across PIC16F7x variants; verify against the target datasheet before programming in production. The ICSP pins (RB6/RB7) are shared with PORTB I/O - external pull-up resistors on these lines can interfere with in-circuit programming.
When using the SPI peripheral at high speeds (>5 MHz), add 33 ohm series resistors at SCK, SDO, and SDI pins to dampen reflections on long traces. The I2C bus requires pull-up resistors sized per bus capacitance (typically 4.7 kohm for 100 kHz, 2.2 kohm for 400 kHz); open-drain outputs cannot drive the bus without them. For USART RS-232 communication above 115200 baud, use a MAX232-level translator with 100 nF charge-pump capacitors per datasheet.
