PIC16F871T-E/L - 8-bit 20MHz Flash MCU, 44-PLCC | Microchip
MPN: PIC16F871T-E/L ✓ Hoạt độngPIC16F871T-E/L Tóm tắt
A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer that integrates a CPU core, non-volatile program memory, working RAM, and peripheral interfaces such as timers, ADC, communication ports, and GPIO. PIC microcontrollers use a Harvard RISC architecture that separates program and data buses, enabling single-cycle instruction fetch and deterministic timing. The PIC16F871 sits in Microchip's mid-range x14 family, hierarchically classified as: microcontroller -> 8-bit MCU -> PIC16 mid-range -> Flash MCU -> mixed-signal MCU with on-chip ADC.
Key features include 8 channels of 10-bit Analog-to-Digital conversion, a USART module for asynchronous/synchronous serial communication, an MSSP module supporting SPI and I2C (master/slave), a 16-bit capture/compare/PWM module, two 8-bit timers, a watchdog timer with dedicated on-chip RC oscillator, in-circuit serial programming (ICSP) via two pins, and nanoWatt technology for dynamic power management. The device operates from 4.0 V to 5.5 V with low-power sleep and idle modes suitable for battery-backed designs.
Architecturally, the PIC16F871 employs an enhanced mid-range core with a 14-bit wide program word and 8-bit data path. Its flash program memory supports self-programming under firmware control, allowing field updates without external programmers. The integrated 10-bit ADC with 8 input channels provides adequate resolution for sensor signal acquisition in industrial control loops. On-chip peripherals provide sub-microsecond timing precision and bus protocols.
Typical applications include industrial control and automation, HVAC sensor interfaces, motor control for small stepper/brushless DC drives, automotive body and interior electronics, instrumentation and metering, low-cost user-interface panels, and home appliance control boards. The wide operating temperature range supports automotive underhood and outdoor industrial deployments.
When designing with this MCU, ensure decoupling: place one 100 nF ceramic capacitor per power pin within 2 mm of the package, plus a bulk 10 uF tantalum at the regulator output. The MCLR reset pin requires a 10 kohm pull-up to VDD; do not leave it floating. For ICSP, dedicate dedicated pads for PGD/PGC so a debugger can be attached without board rework.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, package-specific drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the bare manufacturer datasheet, enabling faster BOM validation and second-source qualification for PIC16F871 designs.
Bộ thay thế dễ dàng lắp đặt cho PIC16F871T-E/L — cùng gói, chân-to-chân tương thích. Các bộ phận yêu cầu hàn PCB bị loại trừ.
Các biến thể trong loạt này
Các mẫu cùng loạt có thể lắp đặt dễ dàng tương thích với PIC16F871T-E/L (cùng hình factor và footprint) — khác nhau ở Core Architecture, I/O Pins, Package, Instruction Execution Time, Operating Temperature.
PIC16F871-I/L
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| Core Architecture | PIC16 mid-range 8-bit RISC (Harvard) |
| Program Memory Size | 3.5 KB (2K x 14) Flash |
| RAM Size | 128 bytes |
| EEPROM Size | 64 bytes |
| Maximum Clock Speed | 20 MHz |
| Instruction Execution Time | 200 ns at 20 MHz |
| Instruction Set Size | 35 single-word instructions |
| I/O Pins | 16 |
| Supply Voltage (VDD) | 4.0 V to 5.5 V |
| ADC | 10-bit, 8 channels |
| Timers | 1 x 16-bit, 2 x 8-bit |
| Communication Interfaces | USART, MSSP (SPI/I2C) |
| Hộp | 44-pin PLCC (J-lead), MO-047 |
| Nhiệt độ hoạt động | -40C to +125C (E = Extended) |
| ICSP / Debug | Yes (2-wire ICSP) |
| Power-Saving Modes | nanoWatt (Sleep, Idle, Watchdog off) |
| Lead-Free / RoHS | Yes |
Cấu hình chân PIC16F871T-E/L
| Chân 1 | MCLR/VPP — Master Clear (Reset) input / Programming voltage |
| Chân 2 | RA0/AN0 — PORTA bit 0 / Analog input channel 0 |
| Chân 3 | RA1/AN1 — PORTA bit 1 / Analog input channel 1 |
| Chân 4 | RA2/AN2 — PORTA bit 2 / Analog input channel 2 |
| Chân 5 | RA3/AN3/VREF+ — PORTA bit 3 / Analog input channel 3 / ADC VREF+ |
| Chân 6 | RA4/T0CKI — PORTA bit 4 / Timer0 clock input |
| Chân 7 | RA5/AN4/SS — PORTA bit 5 / Analog input channel 4 / SPI Slave Select |
| Chân 8 | AVSS — Analog ground |
| Chân 9 | AVDD — Analog positive supply |
| Chân 10 | VDD — Digital positive supply |
| Chân 11 | VSS — Digital ground |
| Chân 12 | OSC1/CLKIN — Oscillator input / external clock input |
| Chân 13 | OSC2/CLKOUT — Oscillator output / clock output |
| Chân 14 | RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI — PORTC bit 0 / Timer1 oscillator output / Timer1 clock input |
| Chân 15 | RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 — PORTC bit 1 / Timer1 oscillator input / CCP2 output |
| Chân 16 | RC2/CCP1 — PORTC bit 2 / CCP1 output |
| Chân 17 | RC3/SCK/SCL — PORTC bit 3 / SPI clock / I2C clock |
| Chân 18 | RC4/SDI/SDA — PORTC bit 4 / SPI data in / I2C data |
| Chân 19 | RC5/SDO — PORTC bit 5 / SPI data out |
| Chân 20 | RC6/TX/CK — PORTC bit 6 / USART TX / USART clock |
| Chân 21 | RC7/RX/DT — PORTC bit 7 / USART RX / USART data |
| Chân 22 | RB0/INT — PORTB bit 0 / External interrupt |
| Chân 23 | RB1 — PORTB bit 1 |
| Chân 24 | RB2 — PORTB bit 2 |
| Chân 25 | RB3/PGM — PORTB bit 3 / Low-voltage programming |
| Chân 26 | RB4 — PORTB bit 4 |
| Chân 27 | RB5 — PORTB bit 5 |
| Chân 28 | RB6/PGC — PORTB bit 6 / ICSP clock |
| Chân 29 | RB7/PGD — PORTB bit 7 / ICSP data |
| Chân 30 | NC — Not connected |
| Chân 31 | NC — Not connected |
| Chân 32 | NC — Not connected |
| Chân 33 | NC — Not connected |
| Chân 34 | RD0 — PORTD bit 0 |
| Chân 35 | RD1 — PORTD bit 1 |
| Chân 36 | RD2 — PORTD bit 2 |
| Chân 37 | RD3 — PORTD bit 3 |
| Chân 38 | RD4 — PORTD bit 4 |
| Chân 39 | RD5 — PORTD bit 5 |
| Chân 40 | RD6 — PORTD bit 6 |
| Chân 41 | RD7 — PORTD bit 7 |
| Chân 42 | RE0/RD/AN5 — PORTE bit 0 / Read control / Analog input channel 5 |
| Chân 43 | RE1/WR/AN6 — PORTE bit 1 / Write control / Analog input channel 6 |
| Chân 44 | RE2/CS/AN7 — PORTE bit 2 / Chip select / Analog input channel 7 |
Ứng dụng tiêu biểu
PIC16F871T-E/L phù hợp cho 6 Áp dụngs: Industrial Sensor Interface Board, HVAC Climate Control Module, Automotive Interior Lighting Controller, Small Stepper Motor Drive Controller, Home Appliance User Interface, Instrumentation and Metering Front-End.
Industrial Sensor Interface Board
The PIC16F871T-E/L's 8-channel 10-bit ADC makes it a strong fit for industrial sensor aggregation boards that read multiple analog transducers (temperature, pressure, level) and forward them over a serial link. Operating from 4.0-5.5 V, the MCU integrates cleanly with 5 V analog front-ends without level shifters. Its 128 B SRAM is sufficient for FIFO buffering of 10 Hz sensor streams, and the USART module drives RS-485 transceivers directly. At 20 MHz, the 200 ns instruction cycle closes ADC-threshold control loops well under 1 ms, fast enough for closed-loop HVAC and process control duty. Placed between the 5 V rail and a 4x20 LCD, the device runs the typical application firmware from datasheet 39614D unmodified. Designers benefit from ICSP for in-system calibration updates without removing the board from the panel.
Được đề xuất
HVAC Climate Control Module
The PIC16F871T-E/L targets HVAC wall thermostats and air-handler controllers that combine temperature/humidity sensing with relay/PWM outputs for fan and damper drives. Its nanoWatt sleep mode reduces quiescent current below 1 uA between sensor samples, enabling battery-backed operation during power loss. The 16-bit CCP module generates the PWM signals for variable-speed blower motors, while the 8-bit timer ticks the control loop. At 5 MIPS, the firmware can scan inputs, debounce buttons, drive an LCD, and run a PI controller concurrently. The Extended -40C to +125C temperature grade supports attic, rooftop, and outdoor air-handler installations. Typical designs use the MSSP (I2C) port to attach an EEPROM for setpoint storage and the USART for optional Wi-Fi module interconnect.
Được đề xuất
Automotive Interior Lighting Controller
Automotive interior and courtesy lighting uses the PIC16F871T-E/L to drive multiple LED strings with smooth PWM dimming while monitoring door-switch and ambient-light inputs. The Extended -40C to +125C grade is essential for cabin electronics that experience dashboard thermal extremes. The PIC16F871T-E/L's 16-bit CCP and 8-bit timer pair deliver 10-bit PWM resolution at 100 Hz, well below the flicker-fusion threshold for human vision. Its 16 GPIO pins comfortably accommodate 8 LED drivers plus 8 input buttons or switches. The MSSP (SPI) port interfaces with an LED driver like the TLC5940 for higher channel counts, while the USART provides LIN-bus connectivity via an external transceiver. The 3.5 KB Flash is more than enough for chase-pattern firmware plus LIN diagnostics.
Được đề xuất
Small Stepper Motor Drive Controller
Stepper and brushless-DC motor controllers in printers, copiers, and small appliances use the PIC16F871T-E/L to generate the commutation and acceleration profile while monitoring end-point feedback. With 5 MIPS at 20 MHz, the firmware can execute microstepping commutation tables at rates above 10 kHz without timing jitter, holding torque ripple low. The 16-bit CCP timer produces the precise step pulse train, while the MSSP (SPI) port attaches an external stepper driver such as the DRV8834 for current control. The MCU's 8 ADC channels read back current sense, position, and temperature for closed-loop control. The Extended temperature grade supports motor-mounted PCBs. Typical design follows the datasheet 39614D CCP+PWM reference firmware with custom acceleration ramps in C using the XC8 compiler.
Được đề xuất
Home Appliance User Interface
Washing machines, dishwashers, and microwave ovens use the PIC16F871T-E/L for keypad scanning, LCD driving, and rotary-encoder input while sharing the bus with a host controller. The 16 GPIO pins comfortably accommodate 4x4 key matrices plus an LCD enable and buzzer. Its nanoWatt sleep mode drops standby power below 1 uA when the appliance is off, meeting EU eco-design standby limits. Operating from 5 V, the MCU pairs directly with character LCD modules without level translation. The MSSP (SPI or I2C) port attaches a host microcontroller or BLE module for app connectivity. The Extended temperature grade supports kitchen environments where internal temperatures exceed 70C. Firmware follows the datasheet 39614D GPIO debounce and interrupt-on-change examples.
Được đề xuất
Instrumentation and Metering Front-End
Digital panel meters, energy monitors, and laboratory instrumentation use the PIC16F871T-E/L to acquire analog signals and display them on local readouts. The 8-channel 10-bit ADC supports multi-range voltmeters, current shunts, and thermocouple inputs with cold-junction compensation. At 20 MHz, ADC conversion completes in approximately 30 us, allowing up to 30 kSamples/s aggregate throughput for transient capture. The 16-bit CCP module generates precision timing for frequency counters, and the USART streams measurement logs to a host PC. The 64-byte EEPROM stores calibration constants that the firmware applies to raw ADC readings. The 44-pin PLCC package is socket-friendly for field recalibration, a feature valued in legacy test equipment.
Được đề xuất
Tóm tắt các sản phẩm được đề xuất
Dữ liệu tham khảo kỹ thuật cho PIC16F871T-E/L — so sánh, hướng dẫn thiết kế và thông tin tuân thủ.
Hướng dẫn chọn lựa
So sánh với các sản phẩm thay thế
| Tham số | Sản phẩm này | PIC16F871-I/L | PIC16F871-E/L | PIC16F871T-I/L |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 44-pin PLCC (J-lead) | 44-pin PLCC - same | 44-pin PLCC - same | 44-pin PLCC - same |
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology - same | Microchip Technology - same | Microchip Technology - same |
| Core | PIC16 mid-range 8-bit | PIC16 mid-range 8-bit | PIC16 mid-range 8-bit | PIC16 mid-range 8-bit |
| Max Clock Speed | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz |
| Flash / RAM / EEPROM | 3.5 KB / 128 B / 64 B | 3.5 KB / 128 B / 64 B | 3.5 KB / 128 B / 64 B | 3.5 KB / 128 B / 64 B |
| I/O Pins | 16 | 16 | 16 | 16 |
| Temperature Grade | Extended -40C to +125C | Industrial -40C to +85C | Extended -40C to +125C | Industrial -40C to +85C |
| Packaging Format | Tape & Reel (T) | Tube | Tube | Tape & Reel |
| Lifecycle Status | Active | Active | Active | Active |
| Approx. Unit Price (qty 1, USD) | 8.95 | 8.50 | 9.20 | 8.10 |
Bảo phân biệt quan trọng
- Tape-and-reel packaging with extended temperature grade for SMT production (vsPIC16F871-I/L)
- 10-bit ADC with 8 input channels integrated (vsPIC16F870)
- 44-pin PLCC package for socketed field-serviceable designs (vsPIC16F873)
Ghi chú thiết kế
Decoupling is mandatory. Place a 100 nF ceramic capacitor (X7R) within 2 mm of every VDD/VSS pair (PLCC pins 10/11 and the analog supply pins 9/8). Add a bulk 10 uF tantalum or low-ESR ceramic at the regulator output. Per Microchip datasheet 39614D, the analog supply AVDD must not exceed VDD by more than 0.3 V; otherwise the ADC reference can be corrupted and ESD clamps stressed. Keep analog and digital grounds joined at a single point near the MCU.
Do not leave MCLR floating - tie it to VDD through a 10 kohm pull-up and add a 100 nF cap to ground for noise immunity. The PGD/PGC pins (RB7/RB6) must be reachable by an ICSP probe; reserve a 2x3 pin header or test pads, and avoid loading them with more than 50 pF. For low-voltage programming, leave RB3/PGM unconnected or pulled low. Forgetting the MCLR pull-up is the #1 reason PIC MCUs fail to start in production boards.
Route the crystal traces (OSC1/OSC2) short, symmetric, and surrounded by a ground guard ring to minimize EMI pickup. Keep clock traces away from analog ADC inputs to avoid crosstalk. For high-noise environments, use a 4-layer PCB with a solid ground plane under the MCU. Estimated: for a 20 MHz fundamental crystal, traces longer than 5 mm can introduce 50-100 mV of overshoot; series-termination at the driver pin (typically 22 ohm) helps.
When the PIC16F871T-E/L drives the USART to a long cable or RS-485 bus, add a 100 ohm series resistor and an optional TVS diode at the connector. The MSSP (SPI) port can run up to several MHz; keep traces matched within 10 mm on SCK, SDO, and SDI to avoid sub-frame skew. The I2C bus requires pull-ups sized for the total capacitance: estimated 2.2 kohm for 400 kHz with under 100 pF bus length, and 4.7 kohm for 100 kHz.
The 44-pin PLCC package has a theta_JA of approximately 45-55 C/W on a 4-layer PCB with no dedicated thermal copper. Estimated: continuous 20 MHz operation at 5.5 V draws ~25 mA active (~140 mW), producing a 7-8 C rise above ambient - well within the -40C to +125C operating range. For sealed enclosures with no airflow, derate clock speed or add thermal copper to keep Tj below 100 C.
Thông tin tuân thủ
RoHS and REACH compliant per Microchip product page. Not AEC-Q100 qualified; the Extended (-E-) temperature grade supports automotive interior use, but underhood applications require a Q1 variant or additional qualification testing. Lead-free (Pb-free) and halogen-free per Microchip material declaration.
