PIC16F877-04I/PT - 8-bit 4MHz MCU 14KB Flash 44-TQFP | Microchip
MPN: PIC16F877-04I/PT ✓ Hoạt độngPIC16F877-04I/PT Tóm tắt
A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer containing a CPU core, program memory, data memory, and integrated peripherals such as timers, communication interfaces, and analog-to-digital converters. The PIC16F877 belongs to the mid-range PIC16 family, sitting within the broader taxonomy of 8-bit microcontrollers -> microcontrollers -> embedded processors -> semiconductors. It is widely regarded as one of the most popular learning and prototyping MCUs in the industry, with a 35-instruction RISC core that simplifies code development and debugging.
Key features include 33 digital I/O pins, an 8-channel 10-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC), two 8-bit timers plus one 16-bit timer, a Watchdog Timer, and both synchronous and asynchronous serial ports configurable as SPI or I2C, plus a USART. The device operates from 2.0V to 5.5V across an industrial -40C to +85C temperature range, and supports In-Circuit Serial Programming (ICSP) plus In-Circuit Debugging (ICD) via dedicated pins.
Architecturally, the PIC16F877 employs a Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses, allowing instruction fetch and data access to occur in the same clock cycle. The 14-bit instruction word and 8-bit data path are characteristic of the mid-range PIC16 core, and Microchip provides a mature MPLAB X IDE and XC8 toolchain for firmware development. The 'I' suffix denotes the industrial temperature grade.
Typical applications include industrial control and automation nodes, sensor interface front-ends, educational development boards, low-end data loggers, motor control signal conditioning, and standalone instrumentation. It is also commonly used as a peripheral co-processor in designs where a host processor offloads real-time I/O tasks. The wide operating voltage range allows direct interfacing to 3.3V and 5V system buses with level-shifting minimized by careful pin-group configuration.
When designing with the PIC16F877, ensure the MCLR reset pin is properly biased with the recommended pull-up and decoupling, and that the oscillator configuration bits match the selected crystal or external clock. Because the device's FLASH endurance is typically 1000 erase/write cycles minimum, design code should minimize EEPROM wear through wear-leveling techniques. Adding series resistance on the ICSP/ICD lines helps prevent programming-port damage during in-circuit debugging.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing from DigiKey/Mouser/Octopart, drop-in and same-footprint alternatives, and practical design notes not consolidated in the manufacturer datasheet.
Bộ thay thế dễ dàng lắp đặt cho PIC16F877-04I/PT — cùng gói, chân-to-chân tương thích. Các bộ phận yêu cầu hàn PCB bị loại trừ.
Các biến thể trong loạt này
Các mẫu cùng loạt có thể lắp đặt dễ dàng tương thích với PIC16F877-04I/PT (cùng hình factor và footprint) — khác nhau ở Operating Temperature, Timers, ADC, Core Architecture, Package.
PIC16F877A-I/PT
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Xem tài liệu →PIC16F887-I/PT
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Xem tài liệu →PIC16F877-04I/PT Tỷ lệ tối đa & tính chất điện
| Core Architecture | PIC 8-bit RISC, mid-range |
| Instruction Set | 35 single-word instructions, 14-bit instruction word |
| Program Memory (FLASH) | 14 KB (8K x 14 words) |
| Data SRAM | 368 bytes |
| Data EEPROM | 256 bytes |
| Tần số xung maksimum | 4 MHz (4 MHz part, -04 speed grade) |
| Instruction Throughput | 4 MIPS at 4 MHz (1 us/instruction) |
| Supply Voltage (VDD) | 2.0 V to 5.5 V |
| Digital I/O Pins | 33 |
| ADC | 10-bit, 8 channels |
| Timers | 2x 8-bit + 1x 16-bit + Watchdog Timer |
| CCP Modules | 2 (Capture / Compare / PWM) |
| Serial Interfaces | SSP (SPI / I2C) + USART |
| Nhiệt độ hoạt động | -40C to +85C (industrial, 'I' grade) |
| Hộp | 44-pin TQFP (PT) 10x10 mm |
| Programming/Debug | ICSP + ICD (In-Circuit Serial Programming + Debug) |
| Kiểu lắp đặt | Surface Mount |
Cấu hình chân PIC16F877-04I/PT
| Chân 1 | MCLR — Master Clear (reset) input, active low |
| Chân 2 | RA0/AN0 — PORTA bit 0 / Analog input 0 |
| Chân 3 | RA1/AN1 — PORTA bit 1 / Analog input 1 |
| Chân 4 | RA2/AN2 — PORTA bit 2 / Analog input 2 |
| Chân 5 | RA3/AN3/VREF+ — PORTA bit 3 / Analog input 3 / VREF+ |
| Chân 6 | RA4/T0CKI — PORTA bit 4 / Timer0 clock input |
| Chân 7 | RA5/AN4/SS — PORTA bit 5 / Analog input 4 / SPI Slave Select |
| Chân 8 | RE0/RD/AN5 — PORTE bit 0 / Read control for parallel slave port / Analog input 5 |
| Chân 9 | RE1/WR/AN6 — PORTE bit 1 / Write control for parallel slave port / Analog input 6 |
| Chân 10 | RE2/CS/AN7 — PORTE bit 2 / Chip select for parallel slave port / Analog input 7 |
| Chân 11 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (+2.0V to +5.5V) |
| Chân 12 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Chân 13 | OSC1/CLKIN — Oscillator crystal input / external clock input |
| Chân 14 | OSC2/CLKOUT — Oscillator crystal output / clock output |
| Chân 15 | RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI — PORTC bit 0 / Timer1 oscillator output / Timer1 clock input |
| Chân 16 | RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 — PORTC bit 1 / Timer1 oscillator input / CCP2 input/output |
| Chân 17 | RC2/CCP1 — PORTC bit 2 / CCP1 input/output |
| Chân 18 | RC3/SCK/SCL — PORTC bit 3 / SPI clock / I2C clock |
| Chân 19 | RD0/PSP0 — PORTD bit 0 / Parallel Slave Port bit 0 |
| Chân 20 | RD1/PSP1 — PORTD bit 1 / Parallel Slave Port bit 1 |
| Chân 21 | RD2/PSP2 — PORTD bit 2 / Parallel Slave Port bit 2 |
| Chân 22 | RD3/PSP3 — PORTD bit 3 / Parallel Slave Port bit 3 |
| Chân 23 | RC4/SDI/SDA — PORTC bit 4 / SPI data in / I2C data |
| Chân 24 | RC5/SDO — PORTC bit 5 / SPI data out |
| Chân 25 | RC6/TX/CK — PORTC bit 6 / USART TX / USART clock |
| Chân 26 | RC7/RX/DT — PORTC bit 7 / USART RX / USART data |
| Chân 27 | RD4/PSP4 — PORTD bit 4 / Parallel Slave Port bit 4 |
| Chân 28 | RD5/PSP5 — PORTD bit 5 / Parallel Slave Port bit 5 |
| Chân 29 | RD6/PSP6 — PORTD bit 6 / Parallel Slave Port bit 6 |
| Chân 30 | RD7/PSP7 — PORTD bit 7 / Parallel Slave Port bit 7 |
| Chân 31 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Chân 32 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (+2.0V to +5.5V) |
| Chân 33 | RB0/INT — PORTB bit 0 / External interrupt input |
| Chân 34 | RB1 — PORTB bit 1 |
| Chân 35 | RB2 — PORTB bit 2 |
| Chân 36 | RB3/PGM — PORTB bit 3 / Low-voltage ICSP programming input |
| Chân 37 | RB4 — PORTB bit 4 |
| Chân 38 | RB5 — PORTB bit 5 |
| Chân 39 | RB6/PGC — PORTB bit 6 / ICSP clock input |
| Chân 40 | RB7/PGD — PORTB bit 7 / ICSP data input/output |
| Chân 41 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Chân 42 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (+2.0V to +5.5V) |
| Chân 43 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Chân 44 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (+2.0V to +5.5V) |
Ứng dụng tiêu biểu
PIC16F877-04I/PT phù hợp cho 7 Áp dụngs: Industrial Sensor Interface Node, Educational Development Board / Trainer, Standalone Data Logger Front-End, Low-Speed PWM Motor / LED Driver, Peripheral Co-Processor for Host CPU, Automotive Body Electronics (Non-Safety), Appliance Control Module.
Industrial Sensor Interface Node
The PIC16F877-04I/PT is well suited as a sensor interface node in industrial control systems: its 8-channel 10-bit ADC handles multiple analog inputs (temperature, pressure, light) while the SPI/I2C/USART peripherals forward data to a host controller or networked sensor bus. The 4 MHz clock is sufficient for moderate sampling rates up to ~50 kHz aggregate, and the 33 I/O pins drive status LEDs, optocouplers, and relay drivers directly. Industrial -40C to +85C temperature range ensures operation in factory cabinets without derating.
Được đề xuất
Educational Development Board / Trainer
The PIC16F877-04I/PT has been a mainstay of university microcontroller courses and hobby projects for over two decades, due to its simple 35-instruction RISC core, abundant 14 KB FLASH, and free Microchip MPLAB X + XC8 toolchain. It is the brain of countless trainer boards that include LEDs, push buttons, an LCD, a potentiometer on the ADC, and an ICSP header for in-circuit programming. The 4 MHz part (-04 grade) is the canonical speed for textbook examples and emulator-friendly timing.
Được đề xuất
Standalone Data Logger Front-End
With 256 bytes of EEPROM, the PIC16F877-04I/PT can buffer timestamped sensor readings before offloading to non-volatile media via SPI (e.g., to an external EEPROM or SD card). The 10-bit ADC is adequate for environmental monitoring (humidity, light, thermistor channels), and the Watchdog Timer guards against firmware lockup in unattended deployments. The 2.0V-5.5V operating range allows direct battery or solar-power supply with no additional regulator at modest duty cycles.
Được đề xuất
Low-Speed PWM Motor / LED Driver
The two CCP modules of the PIC16F877-04I/PT generate PWM signals for brushed DC motor speed control, fan speed, or LED dimming, while 25 mA source/sink on I/O pins drives small MOSFETs directly. At 4 MHz (250 ns instruction cycle, 1 us/instruction), PWM frequencies up to ~10 kHz with 8-10 bit resolution are easily achievable with proper timer setup. The 33 I/O pins support multiple motor channels and quadrature encoder feedback inputs.
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Peripheral Co-Processor for Host CPU
In systems with a high-end host processor (e.g., ARM Cortex-A), the PIC16F877-04I/PT acts as a low-cost co-processor handling real-time I/O housekeeping: keypad scanning, character LCD driving, push-button debouncing, and discrete control outputs. The USART/I2C/SPI ports give it flexible connectivity to the host, and the 14 KB FLASH holds substantial lookup tables and state machines. This offloads interrupt-heavy chores from the host CPU.
Được đề xuất
Automotive Body Electronics (Non-Safety)
Although not AEC-Q100 qualified, the PIC16F877-04I/PT is used in hobby and aftermarket automotive body-electronics applications such as auxiliary lighting controllers, HVAC flaps, gauge displays, and CAN node prototyping (paired with an MCP2515 stand-alone CAN controller and MCP2551 transceiver). Its industrial -40C to +85C range tolerates cabin-temperature operation, and its small 44-pin TQFP package fits behind dashboard trim spaces. Production safety-relevant functions should migrate to AEC-Q100 qualified dsPIC or PIC18 parts.
Được đề xuất
Appliance Control Module
The PIC16F877-04I/PT fits home appliance controllers for washing machines, microwaves, and air conditioners where 33 I/O pins drive multiplexed 7-segment displays, keypads, triac-fired loads, and triac zero-cross detection circuits. The 10-bit ADC reads temperature, humidity, and current-sensing shunts. The robust PIC instruction set supports complex state machines for sequencing wash cycles, cooking profiles, or HVAC modes while the 2.0V-5.5V range tolerates rectified mains-derived supplies.
Được đề xuất
Tóm tắt các sản phẩm được đề xuất
Dữ liệu tham khảo kỹ thuật cho PIC16F877-04I/PT — so sánh, hướng dẫn thiết kế và thông tin tuân thủ.
Hướng dẫn chọn lựa
So sánh với các sản phẩm thay thế
| Tham số | Sản phẩm này | PIC16F877A-I/PT | PIC16F877-04/PT | PIC16F887-I/PT |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | 44-pin TQFP (10x10 mm) | 44-pin TQFP (10x10 mm) - same | 44-pin TQFP (10x10 mm) - same | 44-pin TQFP (10x10 mm) - same |
| Max Clock Frequency | 4 MHz | 20 MHz (+400%) | 4 MHz (same) | 20 MHz (+400%) |
| FLASH Program Memory | 14 KB | 14 KB (same) | 14 KB (same) | 14 KB (same) |
| Data SRAM | 368 bytes | 368 bytes (same) | 368 bytes (same) | 368 bytes (same) |
| Data EEPROM | 256 bytes | 256 bytes (same) | 256 bytes (same) | 256 bytes (same) |
| Digital I/O Pins | 33 | 33 (same) | 33 (same) | 36 (+9%) |
| Operating Temperature | -40C to +85C (Industrial) | -40C to +85C (Industrial) | 0C to +70C (Commercial) | -40C to +85C (Industrial) |
| Supply Voltage | 2.0V to 5.5V | 2.0V to 5.5V (same) | 2.0V to 5.5V (same) | 2.0V to 5.5V (same) |
Bảo phân biệt quan trọng
- Mature, well-documented RISC core with abundant third-party learning resources (vsPIC16F887-I/PT)
- Industrial temperature grade with proven long-term supply (vsPIC16F877-04/PT (commercial 0C to +70C))
- Standard 4 MHz speed grade aligns with classic textbook timing (vsPIC16F877A-I/PT (20 MHz))
Ghi chú thiết kế
Decouple each VDD pin (11, 32, 42, 44) with a 100 nF ceramic capacitor placed within 5 mm of the pin to a nearby VSS pin. For noise-sensitive analog measurements, add a bulk 10 uF electrolytic capacitor to the supply rail and a ferrite bead if the rail is shared with digital loads. The PIC16F877-04I/PT draws typical supply current of ~5-15 mA active at 4 MHz, but the analog VREF+ and ADC block benefit from a clean reference - apply a dedicated LDO if the system rail is noisy.
Configure the ADCON1 register to set which PORTA/PORTE pins are analog (default after reset is all analog on PORTA, blocking digital I/O). Always specify configuration bits (FOSC, WDTE, PWRTE, BOREN, LVP, CPD, CP, etc.) explicitly in code - using the MPLAB X default config can accidentally enable Low-Voltage Programming (LVP) and leave PORTB unavailable as general I/O. Brown-Out Reset should be enabled in most line-powered designs to prevent undefined behavior during supply dips.
The MCLR pin is sensitive to noise; route the reset circuit (typically 10k pull-up to VDD and a 100 nF to ground) close to the pin. For ICSP programming, place series resistors (typically 10k) on PGC/PGD (RB6/RB7) to allow programming without removing components from the production PCB. Keep the ICSP connector at the board edge to allow probe access without disassembly.
The PIC16F877-04I/PT in the 44-pin TQFP (10x10 mm) package has a thermal resistance theta_JA around 50-60 C/W depending on PCB copper area. At 4 MHz the device typically consumes under 50 mW, so active thermal management is rarely required. However, in sealed enclosures or with output pins sourcing/sinking maximum current (25 mA per pin, 200 mA total package limit), power dissipation can rise and a small copper pour for thermal spreading is recommended.
Thông tin tuân thủ
RoHS compliant per Microchip product page. Not AEC-Q100 qualified - this part is intended for industrial, consumer, and educational use, not automotive safety applications. Lead-free packaging per Microchip standard since Pb-free transition.