ATMEGA2560-16CU - 8-bit AVR MCU, 16MHz, 256KB Flash | Microchip
料号： ATMEGA2560-16CU ✓ 量产中| 数量 | 单价 | 小计 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | $17.5 | $17.50 |
| 10 | $15.8 | $158.00 |
| 100 | $14.2 | $1,420.00 |
| 500 | $12.9 | $6,450.00 |
| 1,000 | $11.75 | $11,750.00 |
ATMEGA2560-16CU 概述
An 8-bit AVR microcontroller is a Harvard-architecture RISC processor that executes most instructions in a single clock cycle, positioning it in the embedded hierarchy as: microcontroller -> 8-bit MCU -> AVR ATmega family -> semiconductor IC. This architecture delivers up to 16 MIPS throughput at 16 MHz, making it a mainstay of cost-sensitive embedded control.
Key features include in-system programmable (ISP) Flash enabling firmware updates without removing the chip, 256 KB of program memory for large code bases, four 8-bit and four 16-bit timers, and multiple serial interfaces. The 86 GPIO lines make it well suited to designs that must drive many peripherals or parallel buses directly.
Technical depth: the AVR core uses a two-stage pipeline with single-cycle execution for the majority of instructions. The ATMEGA2560 integrates JTAG for on-chip debugging and boundary scan, plus watchdog timer, brown-out detection, and multiple sleep modes for power optimization. The 16 MHz speed grade (-16) requires a 4.5V to 5.5V supply.
Typical applications include Arduino Mega-compatible boards, robotics controllers, 3D printer mainboards, and industrial control panels where abundant I/O and mature AVR tooling matter more than raw processing speed.
Design consideration: the CBGA package requires careful PCB land-pattern design and reflow profiling; verify ball-map compatibility before substituting TQFP-family variants, which share the die but not the footprint.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, same-family drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
直接替换替代料： ATMEGA2560-16CU ——相同封装，引脚兼容。需要 PCB 改动的不同封装料号已排除。
本系列中的变体
可与以下型号直接替换的同系列型号： ATMEGA2560-16CU （相同外形与封装尺寸） ——差异在于 Serial Interfaces, Program Memory Type, USART, Mounting Type, Package.
快速对比工具——选择替代料号进行并排对比：
ATMEGA1280-16CU
✅ 直接替换✓ 有现货
$12.9 / 个
查看数据手册 →ATMEGA640-16CU
✅ 直接替换✓ 有现货
$8.61 / 个
查看数据手册 →ATMEGA2560V-8CU
✅ 直接替换✓ 有现货
$6.12 / 个
查看数据手册 →ATMEGA2560-16CU 最大额定值与电气特性
| Core Processor | AVR |
| Core Size | 8-Bit |
| Speed | 16 MHz |
| Flash Memory | 256 KB (128K x 16) |
| SRAM | 8 KB |
| EEPROM | 4 KB |
| Number of I/O | 86 |
| Timers/Counters | 6 |
| 封装 | 100-CBGA (9x9 mm) |
| 安装类型 | Surface Mount |
| Connectivity | I2C, SPI, UART/USART |
| Peripherals | Brown-out Detect/Reset, POR, PWM, WDT |
| Debug Interface | JTAG (per Microchip product page) |
ATMEGA2560-16CU 100-cbga (9x9 mm) 引脚配置指南
ATMEGA2560-16CU（100-cbga (9x9 mm) 封装）的引脚配置。 该数字 IC 包含 GPIO、通信接口（UART、SPI、I2C）和电源引脚。请参阅制造商数据手册以了解复用引脚功能和配置选项。对嵌入式系统设计和 PCB 布局至关重要。
暂无详细引脚数据： ATMEGA2560-16CU.
请参阅 数据手册 以查看完整引脚配置。
典型应用
ATMEGA2560-16CU 适用于 6 应用s: Arduino Mega-Compatible Development Boards, 3D Printer Mainboards, Robotics Controllers, Industrial Control Panels, Consumer Electronics and Embedded Systems, Prototyping and Education Platforms.
Arduino Mega-Compatible Development Boards
The ATMEGA2560-16CU is the microcontroller at the heart of Arduino Mega-class boards, where its 256 KB Flash, 8 KB SRAM, 16 MHz clock, and 86 GPIO lines replicate the reference platform's capabilities in a compact 100-CBGA (9x9 mm) package. Placed on a Mega-compatible mainboard with a 16 MHz crystal, USB interface, and 5V regulation, it runs unmodified Arduino bootloaders and sketches, so the entire shield and library ecosystem is immediately available. The CBGA package suits compact or high-reliability board designs where the larger TQFP footprint is undesirable. Performance considerations: 16 MIPS single-cycle throughput handles typical sketch workloads; the 8 KB SRAM is the practical limit for large buffers or heavy string use, so memory budgeting matters in complex sketches.
推荐
3D Printer Mainboards
ATMEGA2560-16CU is the standard CPU for AVR-based 3D printer electronics such as RAMPS-class mainboards, where it must simultaneously service multiple stepper axis outputs, heated bed and hotend PWM channels, thermistor ADC inputs, and several UART links. Its six timers provide the precise step-pulse timing that motion control demands, while 86 GPIO lines drive endstops, fans, and LCD interfaces directly. Firmware such as Marlin has been optimized for this exact die for over a decade, giving proven, field-hardened behavior. The 256 KB Flash accommodates feature-rich configurations that overflow smaller AVRs, and the 16 MHz clock keeps step generation within timing margins at typical print accelerations. Design consideration: place decoupling close to VCC/AVCC balls and route the ADC reference away from stepper drivers to keep thermistor readings noise-free.
推荐
Robotics Controllers
Robot controllers benefit from the ATMEGA2560-16CU's combination of many timers, abundant GPIO, and multiple UARTs. Six flexible timer/counters generate independent PWM channels for motor drivers and servos, while the 86 I/O lines interface sonar, encoders, limit switches, and displays without port expanders. The 256 KB Flash leaves generous room for navigation and behavior codebases compiled from the Arduino or AVR-GCC toolchains. In a typical architecture the ATmega2560 handles real-time motor and sensor loops while delegating higher-level planning to a companion single-board computer over UART or I2C. Watch the 8 KB SRAM: sensor buffers and navigation stacks should be sized carefully. The CBGA package improves mechanical robustness against vibration compared with fine-pitch leaded packages on mobile platforms.
推荐
Industrial Control Panels
Industrial panel controllers use the ATMEGA2560-16CU where many discrete inputs and relay outputs must be managed with deterministic, well-understood firmware. The 86 GPIO lines directly drive optocoupler inputs, relay columns, and LED annunciation without expansion chips, while the watchdog timer and brown-out detection provide the fault-recovery behavior expected in 24/7 equipment. The AVR's single-cycle RISC core executes control loops at 16 MHz with predictable timing, and the 256 KB Flash supports complex ladder-like logic, MODBUS-style UART protocols, and data logging to EEPROM. Operating from a 5V rail derived from industrial supplies simplifies interfacing with legacy 5V-tolerant I/O. Designers should implement galvanic isolation on field wiring and use the WDT aggressively to guarantee recovery from transient faults.
推荐
Consumer Electronics and Embedded Systems
For general embedded products - home automation nodes, appliance controls, hobby and maker products - the ATMEGA2560-16CU offers a well-documented, long-available 8-bit platform with an unmatched knowledge base. Its I2C, SPI, and multiple UART peripherals connect sensors, displays, memory, and radios, and the AVR toolchain plus Arduino compatibility shortens development cycles dramatically compared with proprietary 8-bit cores. The 256 KB Flash permits feature growth over product generations without a silicon change, protecting the PCB investment. Because the die is shared across CBGA and TQFP packages, one firmware image serves multiple form factors. Trade-off: at 5V/16 MHz it is not a low-power choice; for battery products consider the ATMEGA2560V-8CU or lower-power MCUs. As of 2026, community pricing has risen, so volume buyers should negotiate allocation.
推荐
Prototyping and Education Platforms
Universities, makerspaces, and R&D labs standardize on ATmega2560-based platforms because documentation, textbooks, courseware, and community support are exceptionally deep. The ATMEGA2560-16CU's 86 GPIO, six timers, ADC, and serial peripherals let students exercise nearly every embedded concept - interrupts, PWM, communication protocols, timers - on one chip, and JTAG enables professional debugging workflows with Atmel-ICE. The 256 KB Flash removes the program-size frustration that limits smaller AVRs in ambitious student projects. The CBGA variant additionally exposes students to BGA-class assembly when used in professionally fabricated course boards. Educational deployments value the part's long availability and stable, well-known electrical behavior; its 5V logic also simplifies bench breadboarding compared with 3.3V-only 32-bit alternatives.
推荐
推荐产品汇总
工程参考数据： ATMEGA2560-16CU ——对比、设计指导和合规信息。
选型指南
与替代料对比
| 参数 | 本产品 | ATMEGA1280-16CU | ATMEGA640-16CU | ATMEGA2560V-8CU |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | 100-CBGA (9x9 mm) | 100-CBGA (9x9 mm) - same | 100-CBGA (9x9 mm) - same | 100-CBGA (9x9 mm) - same |
| Core / Speed | AVR 8-bit, 16 MHz | AVR 8-bit, 16 MHz | AVR 8-bit, 16 MHz | AVR 8-bit, 8 MHz |
| Flash Memory | 256 KB | 128 KB | 64 KB | 256 KB |
| SRAM | 8 KB | 8 KB | 8 KB | 8 KB |
| EEPROM | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB |
| GPIO Count | 86 | 86 | 86 | 86 |
关键差异点
- Maximum program memory in the CBGA family （对比 ATMEGA1280-16CU)
- Full-speed 16 MHz operation （对比 ATMEGA2560V-8CU)
- Same silicon, smaller CBGA footprint （对比 ATMEGA2560-16AU)
设计说明
The 100-CBGA (9x9 mm) package requires a dedicated ball land pattern with via-in-pad or dogbone fanout on inner rows; verify the exact ball map in the ATmega2560 datasheet package section before layout. CBGA reflow requires a controlled profile per the solder-ball alloy specification - avoid hand rework, which is impractical under the package. If your design might ever migrate to the TQFP (ATMEGA2560-16AU), the footprints are not interchangeable, so decide the package before routing.
The -16 speed grade operates at 16 MHz only within its specified higher supply voltage range (see datasheet electrical characteristics for exact limits). Decouple every VCC and AVCC ball with 100 nF ceramics placed close to the package, and add bulk 10 uF capacitance per supply domain. Tie unused inputs and enable the internal brown-out detector so the MCU resets cleanly during supply sag - important for relay-driven industrial boards.
JTAG pins are fuse-controlled: enabling JTAG consumes four port pins, and disabling JTAG via fuse is irreversible without a parallel programmer on some fuse combinations - plan pin usage before production programming. Also, do not assume drop-in interchange across the family without checking Flash size: ATMEGA640-16CU and ATMEGA1280-16CU are pin-identical but have 64 KB and 128 KB Flash respectively; linking firmware for 256 KB will fail silently to fit.
合规信息
Compliance status was not stated in the verified web data; consult the Microchip product page and official environmental documentation for RoHS/REACH confirmation.
