PIC16F874A-E/ML - 8-Bit 20MHz 7KB FLASH MCU | Microchip
MPN: PIC16F874A-E/ML ✓ فعالPIC16F874A-E/ML نمای کلی
A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer containing a CPU, RAM, non-volatile program memory, and peripheral set. Within the hierarchy, the PIC16F874A belongs to the 8-bit microcontroller family, which sits within microcontrollers, then embedded computing, then integrated circuits. Its Enhanced FLASH, 14-bit instruction-word architecture distinguishes it from baseline PIC16C/16F devices by adding self-programmability, in-circuit debugging (ICD), and an extended peripheral mix without raising cost.
Key features include an 8-channel, 10-bit Analog-to-Digital converter with up to 8 analog channels, two analog comparators, two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules, a configurable synchronous serial port usable as either 3-wire SPI or 2-wire I2C, a USART for asynchronous or synchronous serial communication, a parallel slave port, and a 14-bit instruction set with only 35 single-word instructions. The 44-VQFN exposed pad package supports surface-mount designs that benefit from a low thermal resistance path through the bottom pad.
Architecturally, the PIC16F874A uses a Harvard-style RISC core with separate program and data buses, a 14-bit wide program path, and a 8-bit data path. Self-programmability allows in-application firmware updates using a bootloader in FLASH. The MSSP (Master Synchronous Serial Port) and USART hardware blocks are mapped to dedicated pins, while the ADC uses a shared analog input multiplexer so conversions are software-scheduled across channels.
Typical applications include industrial control, sensor signal conditioning, low-cost instrumentation, motor control PWM drivers, and embedded consumer devices. The wide operating voltage (2.0V to 5.5V) and industrial temperature grade (-40C to +125C for the E suffix) make it well-suited to factory automation and automotive interior subsystems.
When designing with this part, pay attention to the configuration word (oscillator selection, watchdog, code protection), use the exposed pad for thermal relief and ground stitching, and program the FLASH via ICSP using the dedicated PGD/PGC pins. The 8x8 mm VQFN footprint requires a moderate PCB land pattern; verify the I/O count (33) against your application's pin budget.
جایگزین‌های drop-in برای PIC16F874A-E/ML — همان پکیج، سازگار پین‌به‌پین. قطعات با پکیج متفاوت که نیاز به تغییر PCB دارند مستثنی هستند.
گونه‌ها در این سری
مدل‌های هم‌سری که جایگزین مستقیم هستند برای PIC16F874A-E/ML (همان فرم‌فاکتور و فوت‌پرینت) — متفاوت در Operating Temperature Range, Package, Analog-to-Digital Converter, Serial Interfaces, Series.
PIC16F874A-I/ML
✅ جایگزین مستقیمبرای قیمت تماس بگیرید
مشاهده دیتاشیت ←PIC16F873A-E/ML
✅ جایگزین مستقیمبرای قیمت تماس بگیرید
مشاهده دیتاشیت ←PIC18F4520-I/ML
✅ جایگزین مستقیم📋 جایگزین مرجع (خارج از کاتالوگ)
PIC16F874A-E/ML حداکثر مقادیر مجاز و مشخصات الکتریکی
| Core Architecture | 8-bit PIC RISC, 14-bit instruction word |
| Program Memory (FLASH) | 7 KB (4K x 14 words) |
| RAM Size | 192 bytes |
| EEPROM Data Memory | 128 bytes |
| Maximum CPU Speed | 20 MHz (200 ns instruction cycle) |
| Operating Voltage (Vdd) | 2.0 V to 5.5 V |
| I/O Pins | 33 |
| Analog-to-Digital Converter | 10-bit, 8 channels |
| Comparators | 2 |
| Capture/Compare/PWM | 2 CCP modules |
| Serial Interfaces | MSSP (SPI / I2C), USART (SCI) |
| Self-Programming / ICD | Yes (FLASH self-write, in-circuit debug) |
| Parallel Slave Port | Yes |
| محدوده دمای کاری | -40 C to +125 C (E suffix / industrial) |
| بسته‌بندی | 44-VQFN with exposed thermal pad (8x8 mm) |
| نوع نصب | Surface Mount |
| وضعیت RoHS | Compliant |
پیکربندی پین PIC16F874A-E/ML
| پین 1 | MCLR/VPP/THV — Master Clear (reset) input / programming voltage |
| پین 2 | RA0/AN0 — PORTA bit 0 / analog input 0 |
| پین 3 | RA1/AN1 — PORTA bit 1 / analog input 1 |
| پین 4 | RA2/AN2/VREF- — PORTA bit 2 / analog input 2 / ADC VREF- |
| پین 5 | RA3/AN3/VREF+ — PORTA bit 3 / analog input 3 / ADC VREF+ |
| پین 6 | RA4/T0CKI/C1OUT — PORTA bit 4 / Timer0 clock / comparator 1 output |
| پین 7 | RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT — PORTA bit 5 / analog input 4 / SPI slave select / comparator 2 output |
| پین 8 | RE0/RD/AN5 — PORTE bit 0 / parallel slave port read / analog input 5 |
| پین 9 | RE1/WR/AN6 — PORTE bit 1 / write / analog input 6 |
| پین 10 | RE2/CS/AN7 — PORTE bit 2 / chip select / analog input 7 |
| پین 11 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (2.0V to 5.5V) |
| پین 12 | VSS — Ground reference |
| پین 13 | OSC1/CLKI — External oscillator input / crystal input |
| پین 14 | OSC2/CLKO — External oscillator output / crystal output |
| پین 15 | RC0/T1OSO/T1CKI — PORTC bit 0 / Timer1 oscillator output / Timer1 clock input |
| پین 16 | RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 — PORTC bit 1 / Timer1 oscillator input / CCP2 |
| پین 17 | RC2/CCP1 — PORTC bit 2 / CCP1 |
| پین 18 | RC3/SCK/SCL — PORTC bit 3 / SPI clock / I2C clock |
| پین 19 | RD0/PSP0 — PORTD bit 0 / parallel slave port bit 0 |
| پین 20 | RD1/PSP1 — PORTD bit 1 / parallel slave port bit 1 |
| پین 21 | RD2/PSP2 — PORTD bit 2 / parallel slave port bit 2 |
| پین 22 | RD3/PSP3 — PORTD bit 3 / parallel slave port bit 3 |
| پین 23 | RC4/SDI/SDA — PORTC bit 4 / SPI data in / I2C data |
| پین 24 | RC5/SDO — PORTC bit 5 / SPI data out |
| پین 25 | RC6/TX/CK — PORTC bit 6 / USART TX / USART clock |
| پین 26 | RC7/RX/DT — PORTC bit 7 / USART RX / USART data |
| پین 27 | RD4/PSP4 — PORTD bit 4 / parallel slave port bit 4 |
| پین 28 | RD5/PSP5 — PORTD bit 5 / parallel slave port bit 5 |
| پین 29 | RD6/PSP6 — PORTD bit 6 / parallel slave port bit 6 |
| پین 30 | RD7/PSP7 — PORTD bit 7 / parallel slave port bit 7 |
| پین 31 | VSS — Ground reference |
| پین 32 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (2.0V to 5.5V) |
| پین 33 | RB0/INT — PORTB bit 0 / external interrupt 0 |
| پین 34 | RB1 — PORTB bit 1 |
| پین 35 | RB2 — PORTB bit 2 |
| پین 36 | RB3/PGM — PORTB bit 3 / low-voltage ICSP programming |
| پین 37 | RB4 — PORTB bit 4 |
| پین 38 | RB5/PGM — PORTB bit 5 / ICSP programming clock (alt) |
| پین 39 | RB6/PGC — PORTB bit 6 / ICSP clock |
| پین 40 | RB7/PGD — PORTB bit 7 / ICSP data |
| پین 41 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (2.0V to 5.5V) |
| پین 42 | VSS — Ground reference |
| پین 43 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| پین 44 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
کاربردهای معمول
PIC16F874A-E/ML مناسب است برای 6 کاربردs: Industrial Sensor Monitoring, Motor Control / PWM Driver, Low-Cost Instrumentation, Embedded Consumer Devices, Automotive Interior Subsystems, RS-232/RS-485 Sensor Node.
Industrial Sensor Monitoring
The PIC16F874A-E/ML fits sensor monitoring applications thanks to its 8-channel 10-bit ADC and wide 2.0V to 5.5V supply range. With 33 I/O pins it can interface a multi-sensor cluster and drive indicator LEDs without external mux logic. The 20 MHz CPU handles linearization and threshold filtering at update rates up to ~50 ksps, while 128 bytes of EEPROM stores per-node calibration constants in non-volatile form.
پیشنهادی
Motor Control / PWM Driver
The PIC16F874A-E/ML suits low-cost brushed DC and stepper motor control through its two Capture/Compare/PWM modules, which deliver complementary or edge-aligned PWM outputs at up to 20 MHz timer resolution. With 33 I/O, it can drive H-bridge gate signals, encoder feedback, and overcurrent shutdown logic from a single chip. The 7 KB FLASH holds lookup tables for soft-start ramps, while the comparators provide hardware overcurrent protection.
پیشنهادی
Low-Cost Instrumentation
The PIC16F874A-E/ML serves low-cost instrumentation such as handheld meters, panel displays, and laboratory probes. The MSSP (SPI/I2C) interfaces to LCD or OLED displays and external FRAM, while the USART handles RS-232/RS-485 to a host PC. With 192 bytes of RAM and 7 KB FLASH it runs menus, calibration routines, and basic statistics locally; the industrial -40C to +125C temperature rating (E suffix) covers harsh bench environments.
پیشنهادی
Embedded Consumer Devices
The PIC16F874A-E/ML is widely used in consumer appliances such as coffee machines, washing-machine control boards, and HVAC thermostat units where its combination of low cost, 5V-tolerant I/O, and reliable FLASH self-programming proves valuable. The 8-channel ADC reads thermistors, pressure sensors, and key matrices; the PWM modules drive triac-fired heater elements or small DC fans. 128 bytes of EEPROM backs up user settings across power cycles.
پیشنهادی
Automotive Interior Subsystems
The PIC16F874A-E/ML suits automotive interior modules (HVAC controls, mirror adjusters, ambient lighting) that require a small, robust 5V MCU with automotive-grade temperature tolerance. Its USART interfaces to LIN slave transceivers, while PWM channels drive LED dimming and small DC motor control. The 44-VQFN exposed pad offers good thermal performance for sealed dashboard enclosures. For under-hood AEC-Q100 applications, Microchip's PIC18F family is preferred.
پیشنهادی
RS-232/RS-485 Sensor Node
The PIC16F874A-E/ML acts as a remote sensor node that digitizes analog signals and forwards them via USART to a host controller or RS-485 bus. With its built-in 10-bit ADC, MSSP for local SPI sensors, and 33 I/O for digital status, it eliminates the need for an external analog front end. The 44-VQFN exposed pad package is footprint-compatible with the PIC16F873A for cost-down or PIC18F4520 for memory-up variants, allowing PCB reuse across the PIC family.
پیشنهادی
خلاصه محصولات پیشنهادی
داده‌های مرجع مهندسی برای PIC16F874A-E/ML — مقایسه، راهنمای طراحی و اطلاعات انطباق.
راهنمای انتخاب
مقایسه با جایگزین‌ها
| پارامتر | این محصول | PIC16F874A-I/ML | PIC16F873A-E/ML | PIC18F4520-I/ML |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | 44-VQFN (8x8 mm) | 44-VQFN (8x8 mm) - same | 44-VQFN (8x8 mm) - same | 44-VQFN (8x8 mm) - same |
| FLASH Program Memory | 7 KB (4K x 14) | 7 KB (4K x 14) | 4 KB (2K x 14) (-43%) | 32 KB (+357%) |
| RAM | 192 bytes | 192 bytes | 192 bytes | 1536 bytes (+700%) |
| EEPROM | 128 bytes | 128 bytes | 128 bytes | 256 bytes (+100%) |
| Max CPU Speed | 20 MHz (200 ns instruction) | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 40 MHz (10 MIPS) |
| I/O Pins | 33 | 33 | 33 | 36 |
| Operating Temperature | -40C to +125C (E suffix) | -40C to +85C (I suffix) | -40C to +125C (E suffix) | -40C to +85C (I suffix) |
| Instruction Set Width | 14-bit (PIC16 enhanced) | 14-bit | 14-bit | 16-bit (PIC18) |
تفاوت‌های کلیدی
- Wider operating temperature range vs PIC16F874A-I/ML (در مقابلPIC16F874A-I/ML)
- More FLASH than PIC16F873A-E/ML (در مقابلPIC16F873A-E/ML)
- Lower cost and 14-bit simplicity vs PIC18F4520-I/ML (در مقابلPIC18F4520-I/ML)
یادداشت‌های طراحی
The 44-VQFN (8x8 mm) package relies on its exposed thermal pad for both mechanical solder joint strength and thermal dissipation. Stitch the EP to a continuous ground copper pour with multiple thermal vias to the inner ground plane; without this, the part may overheat under sustained 20 MHz operation. Per IPC-7351 guidelines, the land pattern should follow Microchip's recommended VQFN-44 pad geometry with 0.4 mm pitch.
Do not leave the MCLR pin floating - it must be pulled to VDD through a 10 kohm resistor for normal operation, or driven low for reset. According to the Microchip PIC16F874A datasheet, an un-driven MCLR pin produces unpredictable resets under noise. For ICSP programming, MCLR is driven high by the programmer; adding 100 nF decoupling between MCLR and ground is recommended to suppress ESD transients.
Place a 100 nF decoupling capacitor as close as possible to each VDD/VSS pair (the 44-VQFN has multiple VDD pins at positions 11, 32, and 41). For ADC accuracy, add a 10 uF bulk capacitor at the MCU VDD pin and route VREF+/VREF- directly from a low-impedance reference. Estimated: at 20 MHz and 5V, supply current is around 10 mA typical per the datasheet DC characteristics, so the regulator must source at least 25 mA with margin for I/O switching.
Keep analog input traces (RA0-RA5, RE0-RE2) short and away from switching signals on PORTD and PWM outputs to minimize ADC crosstalk. Route the crystal traces (OSC1/OSC2) symmetrically with grounded guard traces and keep them under 5 mm total length. For SPI/I2C lines that fan out to external peripherals, add series 33 ohm resistors near the MCU to dampen ringing and reflections at frequencies above 10 MHz.
When using the PIC16F874A's MSSP in I2C mode, the SDA/SCL lines require 4.7 kohm pull-ups on a 5V bus or 2.2 kohm on a 3.3V bus for the standard 100 kHz mode; for 400 kHz fast mode use 1 kohm to 2 kohm. According to the Microchip MSSP specification, the I2C SCL duty cycle is hardware-fixed, which limits fast-mode timing margins. The USART supports high baud rates up to FOSC/16, but PCB trace capacitance above 50 pF may degrade signal integrity at 115200 bps over long cables.
اطلاعات انطباق
RoHS and REACH compliant per Microchip product declaration. The E suffix denotes industrial temperature grade (-40C to +125C) but does NOT carry AEC-Q100 automotive qualification; for AEC-Q100 applications, choose PIC18F or PIC16F automotive-grade variants.
