LM324KD - Quad 30V 1.2MHz Op Amp | Texas Instruments
MPN: LM324KD ✓ פעילLM324KD סקירה
An operational amplifier, or op amp, is a high-gain differential amplifier used within the wider voltage-amplifier and analog IC hierarchy. LM324-family devices are commonly used for buffering, voltage amplification, current-to-voltage conversion, filtering, comparators, and instrumentation interfaces. Unlike rail-to-rail precision amplifiers, the LM324 uses conventional bipolar input stages and includes internal compensation, allowing straightforward use without an external frequency-compensation network.
The LM324KD provides four amplifiers in one package, reducing board area and simplifying designs that require multiple similar analog channels. Its verified supply capability covers 3 V to 32 V for single-supply operation and ±1.5 V to ±16 V for dual-supply operation. The listed per-channel output current capability is 60 mA, while the input bias current is listed as 20 nA. The 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product supports moderate-bandwidth closed-loop applications.
Each channel is independent and can operate with common input ranges that include ground, making single-supply sensing of signals near 0 V practical. The LM324K family also incorporates improved 2 kV ESD protection, an important consideration for exposed sensor, interface, and control boards. The internal architecture prioritizes forgiving general-purpose operation rather than the low offset, low drift, and rail-to-rail performance expected from precision or modern energy-efficient amplifier families.
Typical uses include low-frequency sensor amplifiers, buffered analog inputs, audio preamplification, loop-filter sections, motor and industrial control interfaces, and general instrumentation. The 14-pin SOIC package supports conventional surface-mount assembly, while the four-amplifier configuration can implement two differential channels, four single-ended channels, or a mixture of amplifiers and comparators.
Designers should preserve adequate input and output common-mode range, account for the typical 0.5 uA supply current, and verify operation across the full industrial supply range. Decoupling close to the positive and ground pins is recommended, and signal routing should minimize parasitic capacitance around high-impedance input nodes. The published 24-page datasheet and manufacturer product page should be consulted for the complete electrical limits, pin configuration, and test conditions.
This page combines verified manufacturer and distributor information, current pricing, package and pinout details, drop-in replacement evidence, and application-focused design guidance. It is intended to help engineers compare the LM324KD with other LM324-family choices while preserving PCB footprint, supply-voltage, and signal-chain compatibility.
חלופות תחליף ישיר עבור LM324KD — אותו מארז, תואם פין-לפין. חלקים במארז שונה הדורשים עיבוד מחדש של ה-PCB אינם נכללים.
וריאנטים בסדרה זו
דגמים מאותה סדרה התואמים Drop-in עם LM324KD (אותו גורם צורה וטביעת רגל) — שונים ב ESD Protection, Package.
LM324D
✅ Drop-Inצור קשר לקבלת מחיר
הצג גיליון נתונים ←LMC660
✅ Drop-In📋 חלופה להתייחסות (לא בקטלוג)
LM324KD דירוגים מרביים ומאפיינים חשמליים
| Amplifier Type | Quad general-purpose operational amplifier |
| Number of Channels | 4 circuits |
| Maximum Supply Voltage | 30 V |
| Single-Supply Operating Range | 3 V to 32 V |
| Dual-Supply Operating Range | ±1.5 V to ±16 V |
| Gain-Bandwidth Product | 1.2 MHz |
| ESD Protection | 2 kV |
| Output Current per Channel | 60 mA |
| Input Bias Current | 20 nA |
| Instrumentation Amplifier Gain | 65 dB |
| זרם אספקה | 0.5 uA |
| מארז | 14-SOIC (0.154 inch, 3.90 mm width) |
| מספר פינים | 14 pins |
| סוג הרכבה | Surface mount |
| Operating Voltage Range | 3 V to 32 V |
| Common-Mode Input Range | Includes ground |
| Supply Drain | Low and independent of supply voltage |
תצורת פינים של LM324KD
| פין 1 | OUT1 — Amplifier 1 output |
| פין 2 | IN1- — Amplifier 1 inverting input |
| פין 3 | IN1+ — Amplifier 1 non-inverting input |
| פין 4 | V- — Negative supply or ground connection |
| פין 5 | IN2+ — Amplifier 2 non-inverting input |
| פין 6 | IN2- — Amplifier 2 inverting input |
| פין 7 | OUT2 — Amplifier 2 output |
| פין 8 | OUT3 — Amplifier 3 output |
| פין 9 | IN3- — Amplifier 3 inverting input |
| פין 10 | IN3+ — Amplifier 3 non-inverting input |
| פין 11 | V+ — Positive supply connection |
| פין 12 | IN4- — Amplifier 4 inverting input |
| פין 13 | IN4+ — Amplifier 4 non-inverting input |
| פין 14 | OUT4 — Amplifier 4 output |
יישומים טיפוסיים
LM324KD מתאים עבור 6 יישוםs: Industrial Sensor Signal Conditioning, Audio Preamplification and Mixing, Low-Frequency Active Filters, Communication Interface Buffering, Motor and Control Signal Interfaces, General-Purpose Instrumentation.
Industrial Sensor Signal Conditioning
The LM324KD is appropriate for buffering and amplifying outputs from low-frequency industrial sensors because it combines four amplifiers, 3 V to 32 V single-supply operation, and a common-mode input range that includes ground. It can be placed between a resistive sensor bridge or transducer and a controller input without requiring a separate low-noise amplifier for each signal. The 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product supports modest closed-loop bandwidth, while 2 kV ESD protection adds useful device-level robustness on exposed industrial boards. Engineers should still verify the exact temperature grade, sensor excitation requirements, input bias error, and output-swing limits. Long sensor wiring should be protected and filtered externally because ESD protection does not address continuous interference, surge energy, or common-mode transients.
מומלץ
Audio Preamplification and Mixing
The LM324KD can implement several low-frequency audio preamplifier or mixer stages in one 14-pin SOIC package. Its four independent channels support source buffering, gain control, active filtering, and output summing without requiring four separate packages. The 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product is ample for many microphone, line-level, and control-signal paths, while the listed 60 mA per-channel output capability provides practical drive for conventional signal stages. Actual audio performance depends on the gain setting, source impedance, load, and feedback network. LM324 devices are not rail-to-rail, so headroom calculations must include input and output swing restrictions. For high-fidelity audio, compare noise and distortion requirements against a dedicated low-noise amplifier such as the NE5534DR before finalizing the design.
מומלץ
Low-Frequency Active Filters
The LM324KD is well suited to low-frequency active-filter stages because its internal frequency compensation removes the need for an external compensation capacitor in typical inverting and non-inverting circuits. Four channels allow a second-order section, buffering stage, and output driver to be implemented in one package, reducing board area and package count. The 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product leaves useful closed-loop bandwidth for audio, control, and instrumentation frequencies below the megahertz range. Component tolerances and amplifier open-loop gain still influence cutoff accuracy and phase margin, so simulation should include the actual source and load impedances. This general-purpose architecture is suitable when modest offset, noise, and distortion are acceptable; precision measurement filters should use a lower-offset amplifier family.
מומלץ
Communication Interface Buffering
The LM324KD can buffer slow control, status, or logic-level signals around communication equipment where a 1.2 MHz amplifier bandwidth is adequate. Its four channels can condition inputs from translators, comparators, or digital isolators before they reach an ADC or controller, and the broad 3 V to 32 V supply range accommodates multiple industrial rails. The ground-inclusive common-mode range is useful for single-supply interfaces whose signals remain near the lower rail. Care is required around high-speed links because the LM324's 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product and conventional bias currents are not appropriate substitutes for a dedicated high-speed logic buffer. Layout should keep feedback loops compact and isolate analog input routing from switching nodes and clock lines.
מומלץ
Motor and Control Signal Interfaces
The LM324KD can serve as a general-purpose amplifier in low-frequency motor-control feedback, actuator command, or analog limit-detection circuits. Four independent channels allow signal conditioning for command inputs, current or position feedback, error amplification, and output buffering while operating from the same broad supply range as the control electronics. Its 60 mA per-channel output-current listing is relevant when driving moderate loads, but external transistors are still required for motor power because the amplifier cannot directly source motor current. The 1.2 MHz bandwidth is suitable for many slow control loops but not high-bandwidth current regulation. Designers must also check stability with capacitive motor wiring, provide protection from switching transients, and verify that the chosen package temperature grade satisfies the application environment.
מומלץ
General-Purpose Instrumentation
The LM324KD is useful for bench and embedded instrumentation requiring multiple analog channels at moderate accuracy. It can provide unity-gain isolation, differential-to-single-ended conversion using matched resistor networks, reference buffering, and programmable-gain front ends within a compact 14-pin SOIC. The 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product supports many low-frequency measurement functions, and the four-channel arrangement simplifies shared power and routing. Instrumentation accuracy is ultimately limited by input offset, bias current, resistor matching, and common-mode range, so the circuit should be calibrated where necessary and compared against the applicable instrumentation-amplifier error budget. The internal 2 kV ESD protection is useful for connector-adjacent circuitry, but external clamps and filtering are still required for sustained overvoltage conditions.
מומלץ
סיכום מוצרים מומלצים
נתוני עזר הנדסיים עבור LM324KD — השוואה, הנחיות תכנון ומידע על תאימות.
מדריך בחירה
השוואה עם חלופות
| פרמטר | מוצר זה | LM324D | LMC660 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 14-SOIC (0.154 inch, 3.90 mm width) | 14-SOIC | 14-SOIC |
| Brand | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments |
| Amplifier Configuration | Quad | Quad | Quad |
מבדילים עיקריים
- Four general-purpose amplifiers in one package (לעומתLMC660)
- Single-supply common-mode operation includes ground (לעומתLM324D)
- Broad supply-voltage capability (לעומתLMC660)
הערות תכנון
Decouple the positive supply and ground pins with a local ceramic bypass capacitor, and place it close to the IC to minimize supply-loop inductance. The verified device information lists a 0.5 uA supply current and a broad 3 V to 32 V single-supply range, but actual current rises with frequency, output current, temperature, and supply voltage. Keep the operating point within the manufacturer limits, provide adequate input and output headroom, and use separate filtering for noisy motors or switching converters rather than relying on the bypass capacitor alone.
Route each inverting input and feedback component directly between the corresponding amplifier pins, keeping the feedback loop compact and away from high-current switching paths. High-impedance non-inverting inputs should have short traces and controlled leakage paths because the verified input bias current is 20 nA. Use a solid ground reference, keep unused amplifier channels from oscillating, and do not leave an unused non-inverting input floating. The 1.2 MHz gain-bandwidth product is adequate for many low-frequency stages but does not remove stability concerns with capacitive loading.
Do not assume that a supply within the 3 V to 32 V range guarantees valid operation. The input common-mode range includes ground but does not extend to the positive rail, and the output cannot swing fully to either supply. Verify the signal amplitude against the datasheet limits for the selected supply voltage. Also, 2 kV ESD protection is an electrostatic rating rather than industrial surge protection; add external clamps or series impedance when connector wiring can encounter sustained overvoltage or large switching transients.
מידע על תאימות
The supplied verified snippets reference an LM324D-versus-LM324KD comparison involving RoHS and REACH, but they do not provide conclusive compliance values for LM324KD. No compliance claim is inferred from the distributor listing.
