ATMEGA16-16PC - 8-bit AVR MCU 16MHz 16KB Flash DIP-40 | Microchip
MPN: ATMEGA16-16PC ✗ Akhir HidupATMEGA16-16PC Ringkasan
An 8-bit microcontroller is an integrated circuit that combines a processor core, program memory, data memory, and peripherals on a single chip. The ATmega16 belongs to the AVR ATmega family, which sits within the broader hierarchy of microcontrollers, embedded processors, and semiconductors. The AVR core executes most of its 131 powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, using 32 general-purpose working registers directly connected to the ALU for high code efficiency.
Key features include 16KB self-programming Flash with true read-while-write operation, a 10-bit successive-approximation ADC with an internal 2.56V reference option, four PWM channels via 8-bit Timer/Counter0, 16-bit Timer/Counter1, and Timer/Counter2, plus USART, SPI, and TWI (I2C) serial interfaces. The JTAG boundary-scan capability supports IEEE 1149.1-compliant test access and on-chip-debug.
Architecturally, the ATmega16 uses a Harvard structure with separate program and data buses. Boot-section Flash enables in-system reprogramming, while three sleep modes (Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-down) plus extended standby options support low-power designs.
Typical applications include industrial control panels, hobby and education boards, sensor interfaces, and legacy equipment maintenance, where the through-hole DIP-40 package simplifies prototyping and socketed replacement.
A key design consideration: the PDIP package lacks an exposed thermal pad, but at 16 MHz and 5V the power dissipation is modest; always decouple VCC and AVCC with 0.1uF ceramics.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
Alternatif penggantian untuk ATMEGA16-16PC — paket yang sama, pin-pada-pin kompatibel. Bagian paket yang berbeda memerlukan kerja ulang PCB diabaikan.
Variasi di dalam seri ini
Model-series yang sama yang kompatibel dengan penggantian ATMEGA16-16PC (sama faktor bentuk dan footprint) — berbeda di dalam Operating Temperature, Communication Interfaces, Timers, Package, Flash Program Memory.
ATMEGA16-16PU
✅ Drop-InKontak untuk harga
Lihat Datasheet →ATMEGA32-16PC
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Spesifikasi Tidak DisahkanKontak untuk harga
Lihat Datasheet →ATMEGA162-16PC
✅ Drop-InKontak untuk harga
Lihat Datasheet →ATMEGA8515-16PC
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Spesifikasi Tidak DisahkanKontak untuk harga
Lihat Datasheet →ATMEGA16-16PC
✅ Drop-InKontak untuk harga
Lihat Datasheet →ATMEGA16-16PC Rating Maksimal & Karakteristik Listrik
| Core Processor | AVR |
| Core Size | 8-bit |
| Max Clock Frequency | 16 MHz |
| Throughput | Up to 16 MIPS at 16 MHz |
| Flash Program Memory | 16 KB (8K x 16) |
| SRAM | 1 KB |
| EEPROM | 512 B |
| Instructions | 131 powerful instructions, mostly single-cycle |
| ADC | 8-channel, 10-bit |
| Connectivity | I2C (TWI), SPI, UART/USART |
| Timers | One 8-bit, one 16-bit, one 8-bit RTC-capable; 4 PWM channels |
| JTAG Interface | On-chip debug and boundary scan |
| Supply Voltage (VCC) | 4.5 V to 5.5 V (16P speed grade) |
| Suhu Kerja | -40C to +85C (industrial) |
| Paket | 40-PDIP (0.600 in, 15.24 mm) |
| Tipe Mounting | Through Hole |
| Sleep Modes | Idle, ADC Noise Reduction, Power-down, Power-save, Standby, Extended Standby |
| Product Status | Obsolete (per Octopart distributor data) |
Konfigurasi Pin ATMEGA16-16PC
| Pin produk 1 | PB0 (XCK/T0) — Port B bit 0; USART external clock / Timer0 clock input |
| Pin produk 2 | PB1 (T1) — Port B bit 1; Timer1 external counter input |
| Pin produk 3 | PB2 (AIN0/INT2) — Port B bit 2; analog comparator positive input / external interrupt 2 |
| Pin produk 4 | PB3 (AIN1/OC0) — Port B bit 3; comparator negative input / Timer0 PWM output |
| Pin produk 5 | PB4 (SS) — Port B bit 4; SPI slave select |
| Pin produk 6 | PB5 (MOSI) — Port B bit 5; SPI Master Output / Slave Input; ISP programming |
| Pin produk 7 | PB6 (MISO) — Port B bit 6; SPI Master Input / Slave Output; ISP programming |
| Pin produk 8 | PB7 (SCK/OC2) — Port B bit 7; SPI clock; Timer2 PWM output |
| Pin produk 9 | RESET — Active-low reset input (with internal pull-up); ISP programming voltage sense |
| Pin produk 10 | VCC — Digital supply voltage (4.5 V to 5.5 V) |
| Pin produk 11 | GND — Ground |
| Pin produk 12 | XTAL2 — Inverting oscillator amplifier output |
| Pin produk 13 | XTAL1 — Inverting oscillator amplifier input / external clock input |
| Pin produk 14 | PD0 (RXD) — Port D bit 0; USART receive data |
| Pin produk 15 | PD1 (TXD) — Port D bit 1; USART transmit data |
| Pin produk 16 | PD2 (INT0) — Port D bit 2; external interrupt 0 |
| Pin produk 17 | PD3 (INT1) — Port D bit 3; external interrupt 1 |
| Pin produk 18 | PD4 (OC1B) — Port D bit 4; Timer/Counter1 output compare B / PWM output |
| Pin produk 19 | PD5 (OC1A) — Port D bit 5; Timer/Counter1 output compare A / PWM output |
| Pin produk 20 | PD6 (ICP1) — Port D bit 6; Timer/Counter1 input capture |
| Pin produk 21 | PD7 (OC2) — Port D bit 7; Timer/Counter2 output compare / PWM output |
| Pin produk 22 | PC0 (SCL) — Port C bit 0; TWI clock line |
| Pin produk 23 | PC1 (SDA) — Port C bit 1; TWI data line |
| Pin produk 24 | PC2 (TCK) — Port C bit 2; JTAG test clock |
| Pin produk 25 | PC3 (TMS) — Port C bit 3; JTAG test mode select |
| Pin produk 26 | PC4 (TDO) — Port C bit 4; JTAG test data out / Timer0 clock via alternate function |
| Pin produk 27 | PC5 (TDI) — Port C bit 5; JTAG test data in |
| Pin produk 28 | PC6 (TOSC1) — Port C bit 6; Timer2 oscillator input (32.768 kHz watch crystal) |
| Pin produk 29 | PC7 (TOSC2) — Port C bit 7; Timer2 oscillator output |
| Pin produk 30 | AVCC — ADC supply voltage; connect to VCC via low-pass filter |
| Pin produk 31 | GND — Ground (ADC ground reference) |
| Pin produk 32 | AREF — ADC analog reference voltage |
| Pin produk 33 | PA0 (ADC0) — Port A bit 0; ADC channel 0 |
| Pin produk 34 | PA1 (ADC1) — Port A bit 1; ADC channel 1 |
| Pin produk 35 | PA2 (ADC2) — Port A bit 2; ADC channel 2 |
| Pin produk 36 | PA3 (ADC3) — Port A bit 3; ADC channel 3 |
| Pin produk 37 | PA4 (ADC4) — Port A bit 4; ADC channel 4 |
| Pin produk 38 | PA5 (ADC5) — Port A bit 5; ADC channel 5 |
| Pin produk 39 | PA6 (ADC6) — Port A bit 6; ADC channel 6 |
| Pin produk 40 | PA7 (ADC7) — Port A bit 7; ADC channel 7 |
Aplikasi Umum
ATMEGA16-16PC cocok untuk 6 aplikasis: Industrial Control Panels, Education and Prototyping Boards, Legacy Equipment Maintenance and Repair, Sensor Acquisition Systems, Embedded Serial Communication Nodes, Motor and PWM Control.
Industrial Control Panels
The ATMEGA16-16PC suits industrial control panels because it combines 16 MIPS of throughput at 16 MHz with hardware USART, SPI, and TWI interfaces for communicating with PLC-adjacent peripherals, drives, and HMI boards. Four PWM channels from its 8-bit and 16-bit timers control actuators and dimming loads, while brown-out detection and the Power-save sleep mode improve robustness and standby consumption. The through-hole 40-PDIP package sockets directly into industrial motherboards, simplifying field replacement of the controller without desoldering. Its 10-bit, 8-channel ADC digitizes sensor inputs such as potentiometers and temperature dividers with the internal 2.56V reference. Because the part is obsolete, new panel designs should specify the pin-compatible ATMEGA32-16PC and retain socket compatibility for a clean migration path.
Direkomendasikan
Education and Prototyping Boards
Universities and makers have long used the ATmega16 on breadboards because the 40-PDIP (0.600 in) package plugs directly into standard sockets and breadboards without adapters. At 16 MHz it executes most of its 131 AVR instructions in one cycle, providing predictable assembly-level timing labs, while the JTAG interface on PORTC (pins 22-29) allows step-by-step on-chip debugging with Atmel-ICE - a capability many larger Arduinos lack. The 8-channel 10-bit ADC supports analog sensor experiments, and hardware USART/SPI/TWI cover serial-bus coursework. Programming requires only a low-cost USBasp or AVRISP mkII over SPI. Students should note the 4.5V-5.5V supply requirement and the external 16 MHz crystal on XTAL1/XTAL2 (pins 12-13) with 12-22 pF load capacitors.
Direkomendasikan
Legacy Equipment Maintenance and Repair
Service technicians repairing 2000s-era equipment - CNC controllers, test fixtures, UPS boards, and instrumentation - frequently encounter ATMEGA16-16PC in socketed DIP-40 locations. Because the device is obsolete, the practical repair strategy is: first, extract and archive the Flash/EEPROM contents from a healthy unit via ISP or JTAG; second, source remaining distributor stock or drop in a pin-compatible part. ATMEGA16-16PU is binary-identical with a Pb-free finish, and ATMEGA32-16PC doubles Flash with the same pinout. Fuse-bit settings (clock source, JTAGEN, BOD level) must be replicated exactly, or the replacement will not start. Keeping a programmed spare socketed reduces downtime, since the 5V through-hole design tolerates gentle field handling.
Direkomendasikan
Sensor Acquisition Systems
With its 8-channel, 10-bit successive-approximation ADC, the ATMEGA16-16PC consolidates up to eight analog inputs - temperature, pressure, light, and potentiometer signals - into one 5V controller. The ADC supports an internal 2.56V reference selected by the REFS bits, or an external reference on AREF (pin 32), and 2x/10x gain via the amplifier stage for small signals. The ADC Noise Reduction sleep mode suppresses digital switching during conversions, improving effective resolution. Sample rates reach roughly 15 kSPS at full 10-bit resolution with a prescaler of 128 at 16 MHz. Digitized data streams out through the hardware USART at up to 115.2 kbps or via SPI for higher rates. AVCC (pin 30) should be filtered through an LC network for best accuracy.
Direkomendasikan
Embedded Serial Communication Nodes
The hardware USART (PD0 RXD, PD1 TXD), SPI (PB4-PB7), and TWI (PC0 SCL, PC1 SDA) make the ATMEGA16-16PC a solid serial protocol node in multi-board systems. Typical roles include RS-485/RS-232 field translators, SPI intermediaries for SD cards and displays, and TWI bus masters coordinating I2C RTCs and EEPROMs. At 16 MHz the USART supports up to 115.2 kbps with standard UBRR divisors and low error rates. The USART supports multiprocessor communication mode and nine-bit framing for addressable networks. Because Flash is self-programming with a boot section, firmware updates can be delivered in-field over the serial link using a small bootloader - valuable for deployed nodes in inaccessible locations such as building panels or vending equipment.
Direkomendasikan
Motor and PWM Control
Four hardware PWM outputs - OC0 (PB3), OC1A (PD5), OC1B (PD4), and OC2 (PD7) - let the ATMEGA16-16PC drive DC motor drivers, LED dimmers, and heater elements without software bit-banging. The 16-bit Timer/Counter1 provides phase-correct and fast PWM modes with programmable top values, delivering resolutions up to 16 bits at reduced PWM frequency - suitable for fan control or servo positioning. The input-capture unit (ICP1, PD6) timestamps external edges for closed-loop speed measurement from encoder or hall signals. Two external interrupts (INT0/INT1) add responsive stop and limit-switch inputs. Gate drivers such as IR2110-style devices translate the 5V logic PWM to power stages, keeping the MCU isolated from motor noise with proper optocoupling.
Direkomendasikan
Ringkasan Produk Direkomendasikan
Data referensi engineering untuk ATMEGA16-16PC — pembandingan, panduan desain, dan informasi konformitas.
Panduan Pemilihan
Pembandingan dengan Alternatif
| Parameter Umum | Produk Ini | ATMEGA16-16PU | ATMEGA32-16PC | ATMEGA162-16PC | ATMEGA8515-16PC |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | 40-PDIP | 40-PDIP - same | 40-PDIP - same | 40-PDIP - same | 40-PDIP - same |
| Max Clock / Speed | 16 MHz (16 MIPS) | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz |
| Flash Memory | 16 KB | 16 KB | 32 KB (+100%) | 16 KB | 8 KB (-50%) |
| SRAM | 1 KB | 1 KB | 2 KB | 1 KB | 512 B |
| ADC | 8-channel, 10-bit | 8-channel, 10-bit | 8-channel, 10-bit | No ADC | No ADC |
| USART Count | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 |
| Finish / Compliance | Lead finish (legacy, non-RoHS) | Pb-free matte tin (RoHS) | Lead finish (legacy) | Lead finish (legacy) | Lead finish (legacy) |
| Product Status | Obsolete | Obsolete (residual stock) | Obsolete (residual stock) | Obsolete (residual stock) | Obsolete (residual stock) |
| Supply Voltage | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V |
Diferensiator Kunci
- JTAG on-chip debug and boundary scan (vsATMEGA8515-16PC)
- Double the Flash at same pinout (vsATMEGA32-16PC)
- Pb-free availability of the same die (vsATMEGA16-16PU)
- Dual USART for multi-serial designs (vsATMEGA162-16PC)
Catatan Desain
Decouple VCC (pin 10) with a 0.1uF ceramic capacitor placed within 5 mm of the pin, plus 4.7uF-10uF bulk near the board supply entry. Filter AVCC (pin 30) through a 10uH inductor or ferrite bead and a 0.1uF capacitor to keep digital noise out of the 10-bit ADC; tie AREF (pin 32) to a clean reference through a 100 nF capacitor when using the internal 2.56V reference. Enable brown-out detection via fuse (typ. 2.7V or 4.0V threshold) to prevent Flash/EEPROM corruption during 5V rail droop. Estimated: at 16 MHz, 5V, and full pin loading, worst-case supply current is roughly 25-30 mA per the datasheet active-current region - modest dissipation of about 150 mW, so no heatsinking is needed.
For the through-hole DIP-40, keep the crystal loop tight: place the 16 MHz crystal and its two 12-22 pF load capacitors directly adjacent to XTAL1 (pin 13) and XTAL2 (pin 12), with short ground returns. Route RESET (pin 9) with a 10k pull-up to VCC even when using the internal pull-up, and bring it to an ISP header (MOSI PB5, MISO PB6, SCK PB7, RESET, VCC, GND) for field reprogramming. Keep the JTAG pins (PC2-PC5) on a header if on-chip debugging is planned; note that JTAGEN is fuse-programmed and PC2-PC5 default to JTAG function, so clear the JTAG fuse if all eight PORTC bits are needed as GPIO.
Three pitfalls recur with this part. First, the PC suffix is the legacy lead-finish variant and is obsolete - substituting the Pb-free ATMEGA16-16PU requires confirming your reflow/wave profile is compatible with matte tin. Second, when replacing with ATMEGA32-16PC, the register map is almost identical but Flash-size-dependent constants and bootloader fuse (BOOTSZ/BOOTRST) settings must be re-verified. Third, PORTC pins default to JTAG on POR; designs that drive LEDs or relays from PC2-PC5 without clearing JTAGEN will show erratic behavior at reset. Always read back fuses after programming and validate a sample board across the -40C to +85C industrial range before release.
Informasi Konformitas
The PC suffix denotes the legacy lead-finish process; this exact suffix is marked Obsolete in Octopart distributor data. Use ATMEGA16-16PU (Pb-free) for RoHS-compliant assemblies. Confirm certificates on the Microchip product page for your specific date code.
