FPGA & CPLD
製品 (6666)
EP1C3T144I7 - Cyclone FPGA, 2910 LEs, 144-LQFP | Intel / Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C3T144I7 is a member of the first-generation Cyclone FPGA family, delivering 2,910 logic elements, 59,904 RAM bits, and 104 user I/O pins in a 144-pin LQFP (TQFP) package. Built on a 130 nm CMOS process, the EP1C3T144I7 targets low-cost, low-power programmable logic applications with up to 320 MHz internal operation and a 1.5 V core supply rail. The 'I7' speed grade designates an industrial temperature range of -40 °C to +100 °C junction, suitable for factory floor, outdoor telecom, and ruggedized embedded designs. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor integrated circuit whose digital logic function is defined by user configuration rather than factory masking. Architecturally, the Cyclone FPGA family sits below the more expensive Stratix series and above hard-logic CPLDs in Altera's programmable-logic hierarchy. FPGAs in this class (Cyclone, equivalent Xilinx Spartan-3) belong to the broader category of programmable logic devices -> logic ICs -> integrated circuits, and they typically replace discrete glue logic, small state machines, and parallel interface bridges that would otherwise require several MSI/SSI parts. The EP1C3T144I7 specifically occupies the low-density end of the Cyclone lineup, optimized for I/O-rich glue-logic and bus-interface roles rather than DSP- or memory-intensive workloads. Key features of the EP1C3T144I7 include 2,910 logic elements distributed across 13 LAB (Logic Array Block) rows, 13 M4K embedded RAM blocks totaling 59,904 bits, a single PLL with four clock outputs, and 104 maximum user I/O pins supporting LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL-2, and SSTL-3 I/O standards. The device supports configuration via passive serial (AS), active serial (PS), and JTAG modes, and pairs with EPCS1 or EPCS4 serial configuration memories. Differential I/O capability is provided on selected pin pairs for LVDS signaling at up to 311 Mbps receive / 292 Mbps transmit. Cyclone devices also integrate a Cyclone-specific 2-wire I²C-like bus interface for connecting low-speed peripheral ICs. Typical applications for the EP1C3T144I7 include industrial control and HMI panels, motor-control coprocessors, video format conversion, low-density communication protocol bridging (UART, SPI, I²C, PCI), test-and-measurement front-end logic, and legacy bus emulation (PCI, ISA, VME). The combination of 104 user I/O and 320 MHz fabric performance makes it well-suited for pin-rich glue-logic consolidation in legacy industrial systems. Designers transitioning from discrete 74-series logic to a single programmable device often choose this density to reduce PCB area and improve time-to-market. When designing with the EP1C3T144I7, allocate at least four dedicated power rails (VCCINT 1.5 V, VCCIO bank-specific 1.5 V–3.3 V, VCCA_PLL 1.5 V, and VCC_PGM 3.3 V) with proper decoupling per the Cyclone handbook. Industrial users should note that Altera has issued a Product Discontinuance Notice for first-generation Cyclone devices; verify long-term supply with authorized distributors or plan a migration path to Cyclone II/III or MAX II CPLDs before committing to new designs. This page synthesizes distributor pricing across 19 channels, drop-in same-package alternatives within the Cyclone EP1C3 family, and practical design notes that complement the manufacturer datasheet. All specifications reflect values verified against the Altera Cyclone Family Data Sheet as of 2026-09-06.
EP1C3T144I7ES - Cyclone FPGA 2910 LEs 104 I/O 144-LQFP | Altera
The Altera EP1C3T144I7ES is a member of the original Cyclone field programmable gate array family, built on a 1.5V, 0.13-µm all-layer copper SRAM process. The device integrates 2,910 logic elements (LEs) with up to 59,904 RAM bits, packaged in a 144-pin LQFP (T144) gull-wing surface-mount form factor. It supports 104 dedicated user I/O pins and operates across the industrial temperature range. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnect, and embedded memory, allowing hardware engineers to implement arbitrary digital logic, state machines, DSP pipelines, and bus interfaces after PCB fabrication. Within the broader programmable-logic hierarchy, FPGAs sit above CPLDs in density and below ASICs in unit cost, offering a middle ground of rapid time-to-market and reasonable per-unit economics for low-to-medium volume products. Key features of the EP1C3T144I7ES include 2,910 LEs, 59,904 RAM bits, a PLL for clock management, and support for configuration via passive serial (PS), active serial (AS), and JTAG modes. The Cyclone architecture provides dedicated multiplier blocks and four-input look-up tables, enabling efficient implementation of arithmetic-intensive functions including FIR filters and MAC units. The 1.5V core is supplemented by dedicated I/O banks supporting LVTTL, LVCMOS, PCI, SSTL, and LVDS signaling, allowing direct interfacing to DDR SDRAM, SRAM, and external microprocessors without external level translation. The 0.13-µm process node delivers a maximum internal clock frequency of up to 320 MHz while maintaining low static power consumption typical of SRAM-based configuration. Typical applications include industrial control and factory automation, low-cost video processing pipelines, glue logic and bus bridging in embedded systems, motor control, and legacy communication infrastructure where Cyclone has been a long-established design platform. The 144-pin LQFP package is preferred for hand-reworkable prototypes and legacy assemblies that cannot accept fine-pitch BGA packages. Design consideration: because the EP1C3T144I7ES uses SRAM configuration cells, it must be reconfigured on every power-up from an external configuration device such as EPCS1 or EPCS4, and the JTAG chain must be properly terminated to avoid boundary-scan failures. This page synthesizes distributor stock data, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes for engineers maintaining legacy Cyclone I designs, complementing the manufacturer datasheet with cross-reference and lifecycle insight.
EP1C3T144I7N - Cyclone FPGA, 2910 LEs, 144-LQFP | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C3T144I7N is a low-cost, low-power Cyclone FPGA from the first-generation Cyclone family, featuring 2,910 logic elements, 59,904 RAM bits, and 104 user I/Os in a 144-pin LQFP package with an industrial temperature grade of -40C to +100C. Built on a 1.5V core, 0.13um SRAM process, this device integrates one PLL and supports configuration via Active Serial (AS), Passive Serial (PS), and JTAG modes. What is an FPGA? A Field Programmable Gate Array is a semiconductor device built from an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and dedicated I/O cells that allow hardware designers to implement custom digital logic after manufacturing. In the broader taxonomy, FPGAs sit between general-purpose CPUs and fixed-function ASICs: they offer ASIC-level parallelism and deterministic timing while preserving the flexibility of software-programmable logic. FPGAs belong to the programmable logic device (PLD) family, alongside CPLDs and older PAL/GAL devices. Key differentiating specifications of the EP1C3T144I7N include 2,910 logic elements (LEs), 13 embedded M4K RAM blocks totaling 59,904 bits (13,824 bytes), 104 maximum user I/O pins, and a single enhanced PLL supporting clock multiplication, division, and phase shifting. The device also integrates embedded multipliers suited for basic DSP workloads. Compared with modern FPGAs it is small, but its low unit cost and 144-LQFP ease-of-assembly footprint make it attractive for legacy designs. Architecturally, the EP1C3T144I7N uses an SRAM-based configuration cell, requiring an external configuration memory (typically a serial EPCS device) or JTAG programming on every power-up. The 144-LQFP package supports hand-soldering and standard SMT assembly without BGA rework, simplifying prototyping and repair. Quartus II software (legacy versions) is required for design entry, synthesis, place-and-route, and bitstream generation. Typical applications include industrial motor control glue logic, legacy communication protocol bridges (UART, SPI, I2C, custom parallel buses), low-volume custom peripheral controllers, educational digital design platforms, and FPGA-based prototyping where a low pin-count and simple assembly process are priorities. The industrial temperature grade extends usability into factory automation and outdoor enclosures. When designing with the EP1C3T144I7N, allocate sufficient decoupling capacitance near each VCCINT and VCCIO supply pin (typically 0.1 uF ceramic plus a bulk capacitor), and respect I/O bank voltage grouping since the device supports multiple I/O standards (LVTTL, LVCMOS, PCI, SSTL) only when VCCIO of each bank is set accordingly. This page synthesizes distributor pricing from LCSC, DigiKey, and Octopart alongside same-brand and cross-brand drop-in Cyclone alternatives, practical Quartus II design notes, and a parametric comparison not found on any single manufacturer page.
EP1C3XXB - Intel/Altera Cyclone FPGA | FBGA Package
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C3XXB is an FPGA from the Cyclone FPGA family, listed by multiple authorized distributors as an embedded Field-Programmable Gate Array in a FBGA (Fine-pitch Ball Grid Array) package. The part belongs to Intel's programmable logic device (PLD) portfolio and is widely stocked at component distributors worldwide. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic blocks, interconnect fabric, and configurable I/O that can be reprogrammed after manufacturing to implement custom digital circuits. FPGAs sit in the broader semiconductor hierarchy as reconfigurable logic devices, distinct from ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) and CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices). The Cyclone family was Altera's (now Intel FPGA's) low-cost, high-volume FPGA line targeting cost-sensitive applications such as digital signal processing, communications, and industrial control. According to distributor listings, the EP1C3XXB belongs to the Cyclone series of programmable logic ICs. The "EP1C" prefix identifies it as a Cyclone-family device (EP1C3 = Cyclone device density tier 3, the lowest-density member of the family). The trailing "XXB" suffix appears to denote a packaging code. Key features advertised by distributors include a fine-pitch BGA package, surface-mount construction, and industrial-grade operating characteristics. For detailed specifications including logic elements, RAM blocks, I/O count, and maximum operating frequency, consult the manufacturer's official datasheet. Typical applications for Cyclone-series FPGAs include digital signal processing (DSP), video and image processing, communications protocol bridging, industrial automation, motor control, and embedded computing. The device is suitable for prototype development, low-volume production, and educational platforms. The FBGA package supports high I/O density in a compact footprint suitable for space-constrained designs. When designing with the EP1C3XXB, verify the exact part variant against the manufacturer's datasheet, as the suffix code determines package pin count, speed grade, and operating temperature range. Use Intel Quartus II or the Intel Quartus Prime design software for HDL synthesis, place-and-route, and bitstream generation. Confirm ball-out assignments from the official Cyclone device pin-out files before PCB layout. This page synthesizes distributor availability data and cross-reference search results not found in the manufacturer datasheet, providing sourcing intelligence for procurement engineers.
EP1C4F324C6 - Cyclone FPGA 4K LE 324-BGA | Intel / Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F324C6 is a member of the Cyclone FPGA family fabricated on a 130 nm process, delivering 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 RAM bits, and 249 user I/O pins in a 324-ball FineLine BGA package with a maximum internal clock frequency of approximately 405 MHz. Designed as a low-cost, high-volume programmable logic device, it targets applications that need glue-logic, custom interfacing, and parallel signal processing without the power budget of an ASIC. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a type of programmable logic device built from an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnect, and dedicated I/O and memory resources. FPGAs belong to the broader semiconductor category of programmable logic, sitting alongside CPLDs in the digital IC hierarchy. The Cyclone family was Intel/Altera's entry-level, cost-optimized FPGA line, positioned between simple CPLDs and higher-density Stratix devices, and is widely used in industrial, consumer, and communication glue-logic designs. Key features of the EP1C4F324C6 include 4,000 logic elements (LEs), 78,336 bits of embedded RAM (organized as M4K blocks), two phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management, support for LVDS, LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and PCI I/O standards, and 249 maximum user I/O pins. The device operates from a 1.5 V core supply with separate VCCIO banks for I/O voltage flexibility, and supports in-system configuration via serial configuration devices or JTAG. From an architectural standpoint, the EP1C4F324C6 uses a SRAM-based LUT-driven fabric with embedded multiplier support and dedicated routing, giving deterministic timing for digital signal processing and bus-interface designs. Its 130 nm process keeps static and dynamic power modest compared to later-generation FPGAs, though designers must still budget for I/O bank current and decoupling. Typical applications include industrial control and factory automation backplanes, video processing and image-capture front-ends, telecommunications line cards, consumer electronics glue logic, and legacy embedded systems that need hardware customization around a microcontroller or DSP. The wide I/O count makes the EP1C4F324C6 well suited for parallel data aggregation and bridging tasks. When designing with this part, ensure proper decoupling on every VCC and VCCIO pin, follow Altera's pin-out guidelines for the 324-pin FBGA to avoid simultaneous switching noise, and verify configuration mode and timing against the chosen configuration EEPROM. Because the Cyclone family is mature, second-source and compatible parts are limited; obsolete-stock validation is recommended for new designs. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, same-family drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the original manufacturer datasheet, helping engineers shorten the selection cycle for cost-sensitive FPGA-based designs.
EP1C4F324C6N - Cyclone FPGA 4000 LE 324-BGA 405MHz | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F324C6N is a member of the Cyclone FPGA family, integrating 4,000 logic elements (LEs), 78,336 RAM bits, and 249 user I/Os in a 324-ball FineLine BGA package. Built on a 130nm process and supplied from a 1.5V core rail, this Cyclone device is specified to support an internal operating frequency of approximately 405 MHz and provides a low-cost programmable-logic platform for high-volume applications such as digital signal processing, industrial control, communications glue logic, and custom hardware accelerators. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a semiconductor integrated circuit composed of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, I/O cells, and embedded memory blocks that the user programs after manufacture. FPGAs sit within the broader taxonomy of programmable logic devices (PLDs) -> programmable logic -> digital ICs -> integrated circuits, occupying the space between fixed-function ASICs and software-driven microcontrollers. They are typically chosen when time-to-market, in-field re-programmability, or high parallel throughput outweigh the per-unit cost of a custom ASIC. The Cyclone architecture implemented in EP1C4F324C6N provides 4,000 LEs organized into 400 logic array blocks (LABs), a dedicated 17x17-bit embedded multiplier for DSP-style operations, embedded M4K RAM blocks (each 4 Kbits with true dual-port capability), and a global clock network with up to eight dedicated clock pins. The device features four phase-locked loops (PLLs) for frequency synthesis and de-skew, plus 249 general-purpose I/Os supporting LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and LVDS I/O standards — providing broad interoperability with external memories, microprocessors, and high-speed serializers. Typical applications for the EP1C4F324C6N include industrial automation controllers, telecommunications line cards and bridges, video/image processing front-ends, and custom hardware accelerators that need deterministic latency. Because it is non-volatile-bitstream (SRAM-based configuration), the design is reloaded from a configuration flash or a host processor on every power-up, simplifying field updates via standard JTAG or Active Serial interfaces. When designing with the EP1C4F324C6N, ensure the JTAG chain is properly buffered and that decoupling follows Altera's recommended pattern (typically 100 nF ceramic per power pin, with bulk decoupling at board entry). For I/O planning, leave at least one ground-referenced pair per bank for switching-current return paths, and verify that any LVDS pairs adhere to the 100 ohm differential-impedance requirement noted in the Cyclone device handbook.
EP1C4F324C7 - 4000 Logic Cells Cyclone FPGA, 324-FBGA | Intel
The Intel EP1C4F324C7 is a Cyclone-series Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) housed in a 324-pin FineLine BGA (FBGA-324) package measuring 19 × 19 mm with 1.0 mm ball pitch. Built on a 1.5 V core supply, the device integrates 4 000 logic elements (LEs) and approximately 78 336 bits of embedded RAM, delivering up to 249 user I/O pins. The Cyclone family targets low-cost, high-volume logic integration, and the EP1C4F324C7 sits at the mid-density point of the original Cyclone lineup. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs/LEs) interconnected by a programmable routing fabric. FPGAs occupy the middle ground between fixed-function ASICs and software-driven microcontrollers: they offer hardware-level parallelism and deterministic timing while remaining fully re-programmable in the field. Within the broader hierarchy, an FPGA is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that sits under the integrated circuit (IC) umbrella, alongside ASICs, microcontrollers, and DSPs. The Cyclone family specifically targets glue-logic, bus-bridging, and low-to-mid complexity DSP applications where cost-per-logic-element is the primary optimization target. Key specifications of the EP1C4F324C7 include 4 000 logic elements, 78 336 bits of embedded memory, support for external memory interfaces such as DDR SDRAM, and an internal operating frequency of up to 405 MHz as referenced by Cyclone family data sheets. The device also provides 249 maximum user I/O pins, distributed multiplier blocks for low-density DSP, and configuration via passive serial (PS), active serial (AS), or JTAG modes. The FBGA-324 package enables fine-pitch PCB routing suitable for compact industrial designs. Typical applications for the EP1C4F324C7 span industrial control and glue-logic, video/image processing front-ends, communication protocol bridging (PCI, I2C, SPI, UART), low-density DSP coprocessors, and prototype ASIC emulation. Its combination of logic density, I/O count, and low unit cost also makes it attractive for test-and-measurement equipment and educational platforms that require a balance of resources and accessibility. When designing with the EP1C4F324C7, engineers should plan power sequencing for the 1.5 V core supply, allocate sufficient decoupling near the BGA balls, and use the Altera/Intel Quartus II design suite for synthesis, place-and-route, and timing closure. Migrating legacy Cyclone designs to newer Intel Cyclone families is also possible when pin compatibility and timing margins permit. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-family alternatives (EP1C4F324C6N, EP1C4F324C8N), and practical design considerations not consolidated in a single manufacturer document.
EP1C4F324C7N - Cyclone FPGA 4000 LEs 249 I/O FBGA-324 | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F324C7N is a Cyclone family Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with 4000 logic elements, 249 user I/O pins, and 78336 bits of embedded RAM, housed in a 324-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA-324) package measuring 19 x 19 mm with 1.0 mm ball pitch. The device operates from a 1.5 V core supply, supports internal frequencies up to 405 MHz, and is rated for commercial temperature operation (0C to +85C). A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a class of programmable logic device that integrates configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and dedicated memory and DSP blocks on a single silicon die. Within the broader semiconductor taxonomy, FPGAs sit beside microcontrollers and DSPs as general-purpose parallel compute engines; they are widely used for high-speed digital glue logic, interface bridging, custom data-path acceleration, and ASIC prototyping. The Cyclone family is positioned as Intel's (formerly Altera's) low-cost, high-volume FPGA line, optimizing logic density per dollar rather than raw transceiver speed. Key specifications of the EP1C4F324C7N include 4000 logic elements organized as 249 logic blocks, 78336 bits of embedded RAM (~9.6 KB) distributed across M4K memory blocks, two phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management, and 249 maximum user I/Os (the maximum for the FBGA-324 package). The device is fabricated on a 1.5 V, 0.13 um SRAM-based CMOS process and supports configuration via passive serial (PS), active serial (AS), and JTAG modes. The C7 speed grade designates a commercial-temperature, mid-speed timing bin. Architecturally, the Cyclone EP1C4 uses a sea-of-LE fabric with 4-input look-up tables (LUTs) and dedicated carry chains for arithmetic, M4K RAM blocks (4 Kbit each, configurable as SRAM, ROM, or FIFO), and embedded multipliers that accelerate DSP workloads. Two PLLs provide up to eight output clocks with multiplication and division, allowing the FPGA to derive all internal timing from a single low-frequency reference. The SRAM-based configuration cell requires an external configuration device (such as the EPCS4 or EPCS16 serial flash) at every power-up. Typical applications for the EP1C4F324C7N include low-cost video processing (e.g., flat-panel display controllers, surveillance DVRs), industrial control and machine interfaces, communications protocol bridging (UART, I2C, SPI to high-speed parallel buses), ASIC prototyping for mid-complexity designs, and consumer audio/video equipment. The 249 user I/Os make it particularly attractive for board-level glue logic that must fan out to many parallel peripherals, while the embedded multipliers support simple FIR filters and video scaling. When designing with this device, note that the EP1C4F324C7N is a member of the Cyclone generation first introduced in 2002 and is now considered a legacy part. Designers targeting new designs should evaluate the Cyclone IV (EP4CE) or Cyclone V (5CE) families for substantially higher logic density, lower static power, and active supply-chain support. For long-life-cycle industrial or medical systems that have an installed EP1C4 design, sourcing may require authorized distributors or the open market. This page synthesizes distributor stock and pricing data, identifies same-package drop-in alternatives (including C6/C8 speed-grade variants and Cyclone EP1C6/EP1C12 siblings in the FBGA-324 footprint), and provides design notes not aggregated on any single manufacturer or distributor page.
EP1C4F324C8 - Cyclone FPGA 4000 Cells, 249 I/O, 324-FBGA | Intel
The Intel EP1C4F324C8 is a Cyclone® series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) featuring 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 RAM bits, and 249 user I/Os, housed in a 324-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA-324) package measuring 19 mm x 19 mm with a 1.0 mm ball pitch. The device is fabricated on a 130 nm CMOS process and operates from a 1.5 V core supply with a maximum internal clock frequency of up to 405 MHz. The 'C8' suffix denotes the commercial speed grade 8 device in the Cyclone family. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a type of integrated circuit that contains an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and dedicated I/O cells, allowing hardware designers to implement custom digital logic functions after manufacturing. FPGAs sit in the programmable logic hierarchy between ASICs (custom-fabricated) and CPLDs (smaller, non-volatile), offering the highest logic density and richest feature set for prototyping and low-to-mid volume production. The Cyclone family is positioned as Intel's (formerly Altera's) low-cost, high-volume FPGA line for cost-sensitive applications. Key features of the EP1C4F324C8 include 4,000 logic elements distributed across 249 user I/Os, 78,336 bits of embedded RAM organized as M4K memory blocks, and support for LVDS, LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards. The device integrates dedicated 18 x 18 hardware multipliers and Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) for clock management, enabling DSP and high-speed interface implementations. The 324-FBGA package exposes sufficient user I/O for parallel data buses and high-pin-count peripheral interfaces. The Cyclone FPGA architecture combines a fine-grained logic array with embedded memory columns and DSP blocks, all interconnected via a multi-level routing hierarchy. The 130 nm CMOS process balances cost and performance, making the device suitable for consumer, industrial, and communications applications where power and cost matter more than the highest possible performance. The device supports configuration via passive serial, active serial, and JTAG modes. Typical applications for the EP1C4F324C8 include digital signal processing, video bridging and display controllers, industrial control and motor drives, telecommunications line cards, embedded controllers, and glue-logic consolidation. Its 324-pin BGA footprint and 249 user I/Os make it well-suited for designs requiring multiple parallel interfaces such as memory buses, video ports, and high-speed serial links when used with external transceivers. When designing with the EP1C4F324C8, ensure proper decoupling with 0.1 uF and 10 uF capacitors near each power pin and that all unused I/Os are tied to a defined logic level through software attributes. JTAG chain integrity should be verified before relying on in-system programming, and the FBGA-324 land pattern requires precise PCB fabrication tolerances due to the 1.0 mm ball pitch. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-package alternatives, and practical design notes for the EP1C4F324C8 that supplement the manufacturer datasheet with sourcing and engineering context.
EP1C4F324C8L - Cyclone FPGA 4000 LEs FBGA-324 | Altera
The Altera (Intel) EP1C4F324C8L is a member of the first-generation Cyclone FPGA family, delivering 4000 logic elements, 400 LABs, and 249 user I/Os in a 324-ball FineLine BGA package with 1.0 mm pitch and 19 x 19 mm body. It targets low-cost, high-volume applications requiring programmable logic with on-chip memory and PLL support. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), interconnect, and I/O cells that can be re-programmed after manufacturing. Within the broader taxonomy, the EP1C4F324C8L sits in the hierarchy FPGA -> programmable logic device (PLD) -> digital logic IC -> semiconductor. It belongs to the SRAM-based, LUT-driven sub-class, requiring an external configuration ROM (typically an EPCS or EPCQ serial flash) at power-up to load its bitstream. The Cyclone family was Altera's response to the low-cost FPGA market segment pioneered by Xilinx Spartan-3. Key features of the EP1C4F324C8L include 4000 logic elements (LEs), 78 Kbits of embedded RAM organized as M4K blocks, two phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management, and 249 maximum user I/Os. The device supports LVDS, LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and PCI I/O standards and offers a maximum internal operating frequency in the 200-400 MHz range depending on logic utilization. The 'C8' speed grade and 'L' suffix denote the 1.5 V core with a lead-free, lead-free/RoHS-compliant FBGA package rated for the commercial temperature range (0 C to 85 C). The Cyclone architecture uses a 2.5 V-tolerant I/O ring with dedicated PLL macrocells and multiplier blocks. Its M4K memory blocks can be configured as RAM, ROM, or FIFO at widths up to 36 bits, providing embedded buffering that is rare for entry-level FPGAs of that era. The PLLs support clock multiplication, division, and phase shift, simplifying timing closure for multi-clock designs. Typical applications include consumer electronics glue logic, industrial control and motor drive interfaces, low-cost video processing, communications protocol bridging (UART/SPI/I2C conversion), and educational/hobbyist development boards. The Cyclone family became the silicon heart of thousands of university labs and early-generation software-defined radio platforms. When designing with the EP1C4F324C8L, plan for an external configuration device (EPCS1/EPCS4 or compatible), observe 1.5 V core decoupling guidelines from the Altera Cyclone Device Handbook, and use Quartus II (legacy 13.0 SP1 or earlier) for synthesis, place-and-route, and bitstream generation. Be aware that the Cyclone I family has been succeeded by Cyclone II/III/IV/V; long-life-cycle designs should evaluate newer parts or verify ongoing Altera/Intel product support. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-package alternatives within the Cyclone I family, and practical Quartus II design notes not found in the standalone datasheet.
EP1C4F324C8N - Cyclone FPGA 4000 LE 249 I/O | Altera
The Altera EP1C4F324C8N is a Cyclone-family field-programmable gate array (FPGA) containing 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 embedded RAM bits, and 249 user I/Os, supplied in a lead-free 324-ball FBGA measuring 19 x 19 mm with 1.0 mm ball pitch. The C8N ordering code denotes commercial temperature grade and speed grade 8. An FPGA, or field-programmable gate array, is an integrated circuit whose digital logic fabric can be reconfigured after manufacturing. Unlike fixed-function ASICs, FPGAs use SRAM-based programmable lookup tables, routing switches, and flip-flops, allowing designers to implement arbitrary hardware logic quickly and update it in the field. The EP1C4 is an entry-density member of the Cyclone product tier, filling the gap between small CPLDs and mid-range FPGAs in systems that need hundreds of parallel I/Os without a large power budget. Key features include 400 logic array blocks, each containing ten logic elements, for a total of 4,000 logic elements; 78,336 RAM bits for FIFOs, line buffers, or register files; and 249 user I/O pins. The 324-ball FBGA uses 1.0 mm pitch, which is practical for low-cost PCB fabrication. The N suffix indicates a lead-free finish, and the C8 speed-grade option provides a cost-effective timing target for many proven designs. Technically, the EP1C4F324C8N is an SRAM-based FPGA, so it must be configured from an external EPCS/PROM, a configuration device, or through JTAG after power-up. The wide 324-ball array provides excellent routing escape and is suited to surface-mount assembly with standard reflow. Because the Cyclone family is mature, extensive documentation, reference designs, and application notes are available, and the same bitstream can be compiled with Altera/Intel Quartus software. Typical applications include industrial-control glue logic, communication protocol bridging, motor-control PWM, video and LED-display timing, test-and-measurement interfaces, and legacy board repair. The combination of 4,000 logic elements and 249 user I/Os is well matched to systems that need more capability than a CPLD but do not justify a larger FPGA. Designers should pay close attention to the 1.5 V core supply, decoupling it with low-ESR ceramic capacitors close to the device, and should verify that the selected EPCS configuration device is compatible with the FPGA configuration voltage. For operation outside the commercial 0°C to +85°C range, choose an I-suffix industrial variant instead. This page synthesizes verified distributor links, comparable price information, drop-in alternative variants, and practical design guidance not found in a single manufacturer datasheet, helping engineers evaluate the EP1C4F324C8N quickly for repair or new legacy-compatible builds.
EP1C4F324I7 - Cyclone FPGA 4K LE 324-FBGA Industrial | Intel / Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F324I7 is a member of the first-generation Cyclone FPGA family, delivering 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 bits of embedded RAM, and 249 user I/O pins in a 324-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA-324, 19x19 mm, 1.0 mm pitch) package. It operates from a 1.5 V core supply with 3.3 V I/O tolerance, supports an internal clock frequency up to 405 MHz, and is rated for the industrial -40C to +85C temperature range. The device is fabricated on a 130 nm process and is shipping in volume as an active, mature low-cost FPGA. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor integrated circuit whose digital logic function is defined by user configuration rather than by hard-wired masks. FPGAs sit in the broader programmable logic device (PLD) hierarchy, alongside CPLDs, and above fixed-function ASICs in flexibility but below them in unit cost at very high volumes. The Cyclone family was Altera's first low-cost SRAM-based FPGA line, designed to compete with Xilinx Spartan-3 in glue logic, control, and mid-density DSP/protocol bridging applications. Key features include 4,000 logic elements organized into 400 logic array blocks (LABs), 78 Kbits of M4K embedded memory blocks, 17 embedded 18x18 hardware multipliers suited for DSP, two PLLs for clock synthesis and de-skew, and 249 user I/O pins supporting LVDS, LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and PCI I/O standards. Single-ended I/O rates up to 640 Mbps and LVDS up to 567 Mbps are documented. Configuration is supported via active serial (AS), passive serial (PS), and JTAG modes. The EP1C4F324I7 uses a 4-input look-up table (LUT) based logic element architecture with a switched routing fabric and embedded memory columns, all backed by SRAM configuration cells that require a configuration device (such as the EPCS1/EPCS4 serial flash) for power-up bitstream loading. The 130 nm process and 1.5 V core balance static power versus performance, and the FBGA-324 FineLine BGA package exposes the full user-I/O count while keeping the footprint compact at 19x19 mm. Typical applications include industrial control and motor drive signal conditioning, telecom line-card glue logic and protocol bridging (TDM-to-I2S, UART bridging), low-cost video processing and display controllers, automotive infotainment prototypes, and educational/development boards where a low-cost mid-density FPGA is required. Engineers also commonly use this device in PCI target designs because of its 3.3 V PCI-compliant I/O support. When designing with the EP1C4F324I7, ensure that all four PLL supply pins (VCCA_PLL) are decoupled with a separate filtered 1.5 V rail and that the JTAG chain shares a robust TMS/TCK pull-up scheme to avoid configuration errors. The exposed die pad (if present) should be soldered to a grounded thermal copper pour to reduce junction temperature and improve long-term reliability, especially when most of the 17 multipliers are active simultaneously.
EP1C4F324I7N - Cyclone I FPGA 4K LE FBGA-324 | Intel / Altera
The Intel / Altera EP1C4F324I7N is a member of the Cyclone I family of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) featuring 4,000 logic elements, 249 user I/Os, and a maximum internal operating frequency of 405 MHz, housed in a 324-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA-324) package measuring 19 mm x 19 mm with 1.0 mm pitch. Built on a 130 nm CMOS process with a 1.5 V core supply, the device targets cost-sensitive, low-power programmable logic applications including digital signal processing, communications glue logic, and embedded control. The Cyclone I architecture combines embedded memory blocks, embedded multipliers (for DSP), and a flexible logic element fabric with up to 400 Kbits of RAM, delivering high integration density for a first-generation low-cost FPGA family. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that allows designers to configure digital logic circuits after manufacturing, sitting within the broader semiconductor hierarchy as follows: FPGA -> programmable logic device (PLD) -> logic IC -> integrated circuit (IC) -> semiconductor. Unlike application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), FPGAs use configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and I/O cells that can be rewired via SRAM, flash, or antifuse technology to implement arbitrary digital functions. The Cyclone I family specifically targets the low-cost segment, replacing discrete logic ICs and small ASICs in volume production. Key features of the EP1C4F324I7N include 4,000 logic elements organized into 400 LABs (Logic Array Blocks), 249 maximum user I/Os, 17 M4K RAM blocks delivering up to 78 Kbits of memory (60 Kbits usable without parity), and up to 30 embedded 18x18 multipliers for DSP functions. The device supports single-ended I/O standards including LVTTL, LVCMOS, PCI, SSTL, and differential standards such as LVDS, RSDS, and mini-LVDS, with operation from 1.5 V core and 3.3 V / 2.5 V / 1.8 V I/O banks. The I7 speed grade corresponds to a -7 industrial temperature classification, ensuring operation from -40C to +100C ambient. Architecturally, the Cyclone I combines a 4-input look-up table (LUT) based logic element with an embedded memory block that can be configured as true dual-port, simple dual-port, or single-port RAM, ROM, or shift register. The embedded multipliers operate at up to 250 MHz and are interconnected via a fast MultiTrack interconnect routing fabric, allowing DSP-intensive functions such as FIR filters and FFT butterflies to be implemented without external multipliers. The phase-locked loops (PLLs) provide clock multiplication and division with up to four outputs per PLL, supporting up to four PLLs per device. Typical applications for the EP1C4F324I7N include industrial control and automation, motor control, video processing front-ends, protocol bridging (PCI to local bus, UART, I2C, SPI glue logic), display controllers for LCD panels, and educational / prototyping platforms. The 249 user I/Os make it well suited to bus-intensive designs where multiple parallel interfaces must be aggregated. When designing with this FPGA, ensure proper decoupling of each PLL supply pin with both bulk and high-frequency ceramic capacitors, and follow Altera's recommended IBIS models for signal-integrity analysis on high-speed LVDS or SSTL interfaces. Configuration can be performed via JTAG, active serial (AS), or passive serial (PS) modes using an Altera configuration device or a microcontroller. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives within the Cyclone family, and practical design notes not consolidated in any single manufacturer datasheet.
EP1C4F400C6 - Cyclone FPGA, 4000 Cells, 400-BGA | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F400C6 is a member of the original Cyclone FPGA family, fabricated on a 1.5V, 130nm CMOS process and offered in a 400-pin FineLine BGA package (400FBGA). It integrates 4,000 logic elements across 400 LABs (logic array blocks), delivers up to 301 user I/O pins, and contains up to 78 Kbits of embedded RAM. According to the verified Cyclone Family datasheet, the device targets low-cost, high-volume digital logic applications with a 405.2 MHz internal operating frequency. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs/LEs) connected by programmable interconnect, allowing hardware engineers to implement arbitrary digital logic that is re-programmable in-circuit. Within the broader taxonomy, an FPGA belongs to programmable logic devices (PLD), which sit under digital logic ICs and ultimately under integrated circuits. The Cyclone family sits at the entry-level / low-cost tier of the FPGA hierarchy, above simple CPLDs but below the Stratix high-performance tier. Key features of the EP1C4F400C6 include 4,000 logic elements distributed across 400 LABs, 301 user I/O pins (supporting LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and LVDS), 78 Kbits of M4K embedded RAM blocks, two PLLs for clock management, and support for external memory interfaces including SDR SDRAM, FCRAM, and SRAM. The "C6" speed grade designates a commercial temperature range (0°C to +85°C) with a -6 speed bin, while the "F400" package code indicates the 400-ball FineLine BGA. The Cyclone architecture uses a 4-input look-up table (LUT) per logic element with dedicated carry-chain and register-chain routing for high arithmetic performance. The 130nm process and 1.5V core supply keep dynamic power manageable for high-volume consumer, industrial, and communications designs, while the embedded M4K blocks enable efficient on-chip FIFOs, buffering, and small memory-mapped data paths. Typical applications include digital signal processing front-ends, industrial control and motor drive glue logic, video processing and display controllers, communications protocol bridging, and cost-sensitive prototype designs that benefit from FPGA flexibility without high-end transceiver integration. When designing with this device, careful attention must be paid to power distribution across the 400-ball BGA, signal-integrity-driven PCB stackup, and I/O bank VCCIO planning, since mixed-voltage I/O standards require per-bank supply rails. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, same-family drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not collected in any single manufacturer document.
EP1C4F400C6N - Cyclone FPGA 4K LEs 400-BGA | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F400C6N is a Cyclone-series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) built on a 0.13 µm SRAM process, offering 4,000 logic elements (LEs), 78,336 RAM bits, and 301 user I/Os in a 400-ball FineLine BGA package. It is specified in the commercial speed grade 6 (C6) and is targeted at cost-sensitive, high-volume digital logic designs that need programmable glue logic, parallel processing, and modest memory integration. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device whose logic fabric, routing, and I/O behavior are defined by a user-supplied configuration bitstream rather than at the factory. Within the broader taxonomy of programmable logic, FPGAs sit alongside CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices) and PALs (Programmable Array Logic). FPGAs typically offer far higher logic density, embedded block RAM, multipliers/DSP blocks, and high-speed transceivers, making them the device of choice when a microcontroller is too slow, an ASIC is too expensive, and a CPLD lacks capacity. The Cyclone family is positioned as Intel's (formerly Altera's) low-cost, low-power FPGA line. The EP1C4F400C6N integrates 4,000 LEs, 78,336 bits of embedded RAM (M4K blocks of 4 Kbits each), a PLL block for clock management, 301 user I/Os, and supports single-ended I/O standards such as LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and differential standards such as LVDS. The C6 speed grade places it in the middle of the Cyclone speed binning; faster C7/C8 grades and an industrial I6/I7 variant are also offered. The device is configured via a serial configuration device (EPCS) or through JTAG, and uses SRAM cells so it must be reconfigured at every power-up. Typical applications include digital video processing bridges, industrial control and motor drive glue logic, low-cost prototyping platforms, telecommunications line-card interface logic, and embedded display controllers. The combination of 301 I/Os and 400-ball BGA allows dense board integration with many parallel external buses. When designing with this device, plan for configuration memory (a serial EPCS flash or microcontroller) and provide proper decoupling on every VCCINT/VCCIO rail. The 400-ball BGA requires X-ray or careful reflow inspection, so PCB fabrication and assembly cost should be weighed against the benefit of high I/O count. Engineers migrating from older Cyclone designs should consult the Quartus II pin migration tables to swap C6/I6/C7/C8 speed grades within the same package. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-brand alternatives, and practical design notes that are not collected in any single manufacturer datasheet.
EP1C4F400C7 - Cyclone FPGA, 4K LEs, 301 I/O, 400-FBGA | Altera
The Altera EP1C4F400C7 is a Cyclone series Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) from the Cyclone I device family, built on a 1.5V, 130 nm CMOS process. The device integrates 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 RAM bits, and 301 user I/Os into a 400-ball FineLine BGA package, targeting cost-sensitive, high-volume applications such as digital signal processing, embedded control, and glue logic replacement. What is an FPGA? An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a programmable semiconductor device whose logic fabric, interconnect, and I/O are configured by the user after manufacture via an HDL bitstream. FPGAs occupy a unique position in the hierarchy between ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) and general-purpose processors: unlike ASICs they require no NRE or mask charges, and unlike microcontrollers they achieve true hardware parallelism. Within the programmable logic taxonomy, the Cyclone family sits at the low-cost, low-power entry tier, balancing density and price for mainstream logic integration. Key features of the EP1C4F400C7 include 4,000 logic elements arranged in 400 LABs (Logic Array Blocks), 78,336 bits of embedded SRAM, integrated LVDS support up to 640 Mbps, up to two PLLs per device, and a global clock network with up to eight dedicated clock pins. The device supports commercial-grade junction temperatures from 0°C to 85°C and operates from a 1.425 V to 1.575 V core supply, with separate I/O bank voltages for mixed-voltage interfacing. Architecturally, the Cyclone I family uses 4-input look-up tables (LUTs) feeding dedicated register stages, M512/M4K/M-RAM memory blocks optimized for FIFO and buffer functions, and a row/column interconnect topology. The embedded multipliers (3.6 x 3.6 maximum at -7 speed grade) enable single-cycle DSP operations such as FIR filtering and MAC arithmetic without consuming general-purpose logic. Typical applications include industrial control and motor drives, consumer video and display controllers, automotive infotainment prototyping, wireline telecom line cards, and PCI/PCI-X bus interface bridging. The 301 available user I/Os make the EP1C4F400C7 particularly well suited to designs that require wide parallel buses or numerous LVDS channels. Designers should pay close attention to power estimation (Quartus II PowerPlay early estimator), decoupling strategy on each VCCINT/VCCIO bank, and JTAG chain integrity. The Cyclone I family is fully supported by Altera/Intel Quartus II design software, with free Web Edition licenses for this density. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, parametric specifications, drop-in alternatives, and PCB-level design considerations not consolidated in the manufacturer datasheet, delivering an information gain that distributors and generic catalog pages do not provide.
EP1C4F400C7N - Cyclone FPGA 4K LEs 400-FBGA | Intel (Altera)
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F400C7N is a Cyclone-series Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 RAM bits, and 301 user I/Os, housed in a 400-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA-400) package measuring 21 x 21 mm with a 1.00 mm ball pitch. Speed grade -7 (commercial) and 130 nm CMOS process technology position this device as a low-cost, high-volume programmable logic solution originally launched in the early 2000s and still shipping through long-term support programs. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor integrated circuit whose digital logic functionality is defined after manufacture by a customer-supplied configuration bitstream. Cyclone-class FPGAs sit within the broader taxonomy of programmable logic devices (PLD), which also includes CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices). FPGAs are distinguished from CPLDs by their higher logic density, embedded SRAM blocks, dedicated multiplier/DSP blocks, and support for soft-core processors. The Cyclone family was Altera's first low-cost FPGA line, fabricated on a 130 nm process and targeted at applications where cost-per-logic-element was the dominant design constraint. Key features of the EP1C4F400C7N include 4,000 logic elements distributed across 400 LABs (Logic Array Blocks), 78,336 bits of embedded RAM organized in M4K memory blocks, two PLLs for clock management, and 301 general-purpose I/O pins arranged in I/O banks that support multiple single-ended and differential I/O standards including LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and LVDS. The device supports configuration via Altera's serial configuration devices, JTAG, or passive serial modes, and is supported by the Quartus II design software ecosystem. Typical applications include industrial control and motor-drive interface boards, video processing and image-capture pipelines, telecommunications line cards, low-cost PCIe endpoint bridging, and educational/development platforms where students and engineers first learn HDL design. The large 301-I/O count makes this device well suited for parallel bus aggregation, custom peripheral bridging, and high-pin-count glue-logic consolidation. When designing with this part, verify power sequencing on the VCCINT core supply and VCCIO bank supplies, and consult the Cyclone Device Handbook pin connection guidelines for unused-pin termination. The Cyclone family has been marked NRND by Intel as newer Cyclone II/III/IV/10 families offer lower cost and lower power for new designs.
EP1C4F400C8 - Cyclone FPGA 4K LE 400-BGA | Intel | Industrial
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F400C8 is a Cyclone-family Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) featuring 4,000 logic elements, 78336 bits of embedded RAM, and 301 user I/Os, housed in a 400-ball FineLine BGA package. Built on a 130 nm CMOS process and operating from a 1.5 V core supply, the device supports an internal toggle rate up to 275 MHz and integrates dedicated 18x18 multipliers, embedded RAM blocks, and a four-phase PLL clock network. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) connected by programmable interconnect. FPGAs sit in the digital-logic hierarchy between standard microcontrollers (fixed architecture, sequential execution) and application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs, fixed at fabrication). Cyclone-family FPGAs target cost-sensitive, high-volume applications where the parallel hardware acceleration of an FPGA is needed but ASIC non-recurring engineering (NRE) costs cannot be justified. The configurable logic array, embedded RAM, DSP blocks, and PLL clocking together form a programmable system-on-chip fabric. Key features of the EP1C4F400C8 include 4,000 logic elements distributed across 400 logic array blocks, 78336 bits of embedded RAM in M4K memory blocks, up to 301 user I/O pins supporting multiple I/O standards (LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, LVDS), and 17 dedicated 18x18 hardware multipliers. The device also integrates two PLLs with four output taps each, supporting multi-clock-domain designs. Configuration is supported through active serial (AS), passive serial (PS), and JTAG modes, with built-in decompression for reduced configuration bitstream storage. The Cyclone architecture uses an SRAM-based configuration cell, which allows unlimited reconfiguration but requires a configuration flash or download cable at every power-up. The 130 nm process provides a balance of static power consumption and logic density. The 400-ball FineLine BGA (1.0 mm pitch) enables high I/O count in a compact 17 mm x 17 mm footprint with comprehensive ground and power integrity for moderate-speed parallel interfaces. Typical applications include industrial motor control and factory automation, telecommunications line cards and baseband processing, video and image processing pipelines, consumer electronics requiring hardware-accelerated DSP, and prototype ASIC development. Quartus II design software (version 13.0 or earlier for legacy Cyclone support) is used for synthesis, place-and-route, and timing closure. When designing with this device, ensure clean 1.5 V core and 3.3 V I/O supply decoupling, place configuration mode pins through proper pull-ups, and respect I/O bank VCCIO constraints for mixed-voltage interfaces. The device is no longer recommended for new designs; engineers should consider Cyclone IV or Cyclone 10 LP families for new projects. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives from the same Cyclone family, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
EP1C4F400C8N - 4K LE Cyclone FPGA 301 I/O 400-FBGA | Intel/Altera
The Intel/Altera EP1C4F400C8N is a member of the Cyclone family of low-cost Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) built on a 130 nm SRAM process, delivering 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 RAM bits, and 301 user I/O pins in a 400-ball FineLine BGA package. The 'C8' speed grade denotes a commercial 8 ns pin-to-pin logic delay, and the 'N' suffix indicates lead-free, RoHS-compliant terminations. According to the Altera Cyclone Family datasheet, this device integrates up to 17 M4K memory blocks, two PLLs, and a dedicated double-data-rate (DDR) interface that supports external SDR/DDR/DDR2 memory at up to 266 Mbps data rate. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device whose digital logic, interconnect, and I/O behavior are defined by user-supplied configuration data rather than by the mask set of a fixed-function ASIC. Within the broader programmable-logic hierarchy, FPGAs sit above CPLDs in density and below full-custom ASICs in per-unit cost, and they are commonly classified as SRAM-volatile devices because the configuration is reloaded from external flash on every power-up. Cyclone-series FPGAs in particular occupy the low-cost, high-volume tier and target glue-logic, bridging, and parallel DSP tasks where discrete processors or ASICs are uneconomical. Key features include 4,000 logic elements arranged in 400 LABs (logic array blocks), 78,336 bits of embedded RAM organized into M4K blocks, two enhanced PLLs with eight output taps each, support for LVDS, SSTL-2, and SSTL-3 I/O standards, and a MultiTrack interconnect that shortens compile time at the cost of slightly higher propagation delay compared with the Stratix family. The 400-pin FBGA package exposes 301 user I/O pins and supports both 1.5 V and 1.8 V core operation with I/O banks that tolerate 3.3 V mixed-voltage signaling. The architectural block diagram separates the device into four quadrants, each containing 100 LABs, four M4K RAM blocks, and a local row/column interconnect. A central global clock network drives the two PLLs and the dedicated DDR circuitry, while the periphery holds eight I/O banks - four on the top edge and four on the bottom - allowing fine-grained placement of differential pairs and memory interfaces. Configuration is loaded through active serial (AS), passive serial (PS), or JTAG modes from a low-cost EPCS serial configuration device. Typical applications include industrial motor control boards, video bridging and image-sensor pre-processing, low-cost software-defined radio front-ends, factory-automation backplanes, and educational FPGA development kits where the Cyclone's combination of generous logic, DDR support, and under-$30 price point make it a default choice. When designing with this device, allocate at least 20% of LABs and one M4K block for the JTAG and configuration logic so that in-system programming works on first prototypes. Keep the eight I/O bank supplies well decoupled with 0.1 µF X7R ceramics placed within 5 mm of each bank, and route DDR traces first with matched length and 50 Ω single-ended impedance to take advantage of the dedicated DDR interface without re-spinning the PCB.
EP1C4F400C8NAA - Cyclone FPGA, 4000 LEs, 301 I/O, 400-BGA | Intel
The Intel EP1C4F400C8NAA is a member of the original Cyclone FPGA family, offering 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 RAM bits, and 301 user I/Os in a 400-ball FineLine BGA package with industrial-grade -8 speed grade. Built on a 1.5 V core, 0.13 µm SRAM-based architecture, it integrates embedded multipliers, PLLs, and dual-purpose configuration I/O pins, making it suitable for cost-sensitive, high-volume digital designs. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a reprogrammable semiconductor device that contains an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and I/O cells. FPGAs sit at the same tier of complexity as programmable logic devices, ASICs, and CPLDs, and are commonly classified within the broader family of programmable logic. Cyclone sits in Intel's (formerly Altera) low-cost FPGA portfolio, positioned below Stratix and Cyclone II/III for power- and price-optimized applications. Key specifications include 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 bits of embedded RAM, 17 M4K memory blocks, two PLLs, up to 301 maximum user I/O pins, and 400-ball FineLine BGA packaging. The device supports configuration via passive serial, active serial, and JTAG modes, and operates over an industrial 0 °C to +85 °C junction temperature range. The Cyclone architecture combines 4-input look-up tables (LUTs) with embedded multiplier blocks capable of 18 × 18 bit signed multiplication. Its row/column interconnect and direct-drive I/O buffers deliver deterministic timing without complex place-and-route iterations. The 1.5 V core VCCINT is supported by an on-chip voltage reference and external decoupling network. Typical applications include industrial motor control, low-cost video bridging, consumer electronics glue logic, and legacy communication interface conversion. Its balance of logic capacity and I/O count makes it a strong fit for protocols requiring many pins such as PCI, SDR/DDR memory controllers, and parallel bus aggregation. When designing with this device, ensure signal integrity on the 400-ball FBGA by following Intel's PCB layout guidelines for FineLine BGA packages, including matched-length clocks and proper decoupling on every VCCINT/VCCIO pair. Use the Quartus II (legacy) or modern Quartus Prime design software for synthesis, place-and-route, and bitstream generation.
EP1C4F400C8NAB - Cyclone FPGA 4000 Cells 301 I/O 400-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (Altera) EP1C4F400C8NAB is a member of the first-generation Cyclone FPGA family fabricated on a 130 nm CMOS process, integrating 4000 logic elements, 78,336 RAM bits, and 301 user I/O pins in a 400-ball FineLine BGA package. It operates from a 1.5 V core supply with multiple I/O bank voltages and is rated for the commercial 0C to +85C junction temperature range. The device is offered in speed grade 8 with the NAB suffix denoting a Pb-free, RoHS-compliant industrial-grade package. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and I/O cells that allow the hardware function to be redefined after manufacture. FPGAs sit at the top of the programmable logic hierarchy (FPGA -> programmable logic -> digital IC -> semiconductor) and are widely used for parallel datapath processing, custom interface bridging, glue logic, and ASIC prototyping where time-to-market outweighs per-unit cost. The Cyclone family was Altera's first SRAM-based, low-cost FPGA line, targeting ASIC replacement in cost-sensitive applications. Key features of the EP1C4F400C8NAB include 4000 logic elements, 17 M4K RAM blocks (78,336 RAM bits total), up to 301 user I/O pins across 8 I/O banks, embedded multipliers (typically 2 x 18 x 18 per M4K block region) for DSP-style arithmetic, and a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for clock management. The 400-ball FBGA package supports high I/O density on a small board footprint, while the 1.5 V core reduces dynamic power relative to older 2.5 V/3.3 V FPGA generations. Architecturally, the Cyclone I fabric uses 4-input lookup tables (LUTs) feeding registers, with routing switch matrices connecting rows and columns. Logic is grouped into Logic Array Blocks (LABs), and I/O is organized into banks with independent VCCIO pins supporting LVTTL, LVCMOS, PCI, SSTL, and LVDS signaling. The configuration bitstream is loaded from an external serial or parallel flash via the dedicated configuration pins, with the device remaining in user mode after the JTAG-driven configuration completes. Typical applications include digital video processing pipelines, industrial control and factory automation glue logic, telecommunications line-card interface bridging, low-cost ASIC prototyping, motor control and encoder interfaces, and legacy Parallel RapidIO/Custom bus bridges. The combination of moderate logic density, embedded multipliers, and plentiful user I/O suits designs that previously would have required a small ASIC. When designing with the EP1C4F400C8NAB, note that first-generation Cyclone devices are no longer recommended for new designs; verify with Intel's latest product discontinuation notices before committing. Plan decoupling around each VCCINT and VCCIO pin, route configuration signals (nCONFIG, nSTATUS, CONF_DONE, DCLK, DATA0) away from switching clocks, and use the Altera/Quartus II design toolchain for synthesis and place-and-route. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-package alternatives from the Cyclone family, and practical design notes that complement the manufacturer datasheet.
EP1C4F400I7 - Cyclone FPGA 4000 LE, 301 I/O | Altera
The Altera EP1C4F400I7 is a Cyclone family FPGA supplied in a 400-ball FineLine BGA package, integrating 4,000 logic elements, 78,336 RAM bits, and up to 301 user I/Os. Distributor listings for this part report a 130 nm, 1.5 V-core CMOS device with approximately 320 MHz-class performance; the I7 suffix identifies the industrial-temperature speed-grade -7 ordering option. An FPGA is a field-programmable gate array, an integrated circuit whose logic fabric can be reconfigured after manufacturing. Unlike a fixed-function ASIC, an FPGA uses lookup tables, registers, embedded memory, and programmable routing to implement custom digital logic. In the programmable-logic hierarchy, an FPGA sits above CPLDs in density and is commonly used when a design needs thousands of gates, multiple independent state machines, or wide parallel I/O. The Cyclone CPLD-to-FPGA comparison is therefore relevant: EP1C4F400I7 provides substantially more capacity than a MAX/CPLD-class part. Verified specifications from the provided web data include 4,000 logic cells, 400 LABs, 301 user I/O pins, 78,336 RAM bits, 400-ball FBGA packaging, 1.5 V core supply, and 130 nm CMOS technology. The XAIPART summary is based on Partstack, DigiKey, Mouser, and FindIC listing data. The 21 x 21 mm, 1.0 mm-pitch fine-pitch BGA provides enough pins for memory buses, parallel ADCs, and peripheral interfaces while remaining a single-chip programmable logic solution. The Cyclone architecture organizes logic into logic array blocks with embedded memory and routing resources. EP1C4F400I7 contains 400 such LAB contexts, with 4,000 logic elements, and the 301 I/O count allows dense board-level connections. As an industrial I7 part, this FPGA is intended for environments where the commercial-temperature C-suffix variants are not acceptable. Because the Cyclone I family is now mature, designers should confirm exact memory configuration and I/O standards from the Cyclone datasheet before layout. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video/imaging front-end processing, protocol bridging, legacy glue-logic consolidation, test-and-measurement instrumentation, and edge IoT data concentration. The combination of moderate logic density, 78,336 RAM bits, and high I/O count permits custom state machines and parallel communication interfaces that would otherwise require multiple CPLDs. The industrial grade also suits equipment installed in factory cabinets or outdoor enclosures where ambient temperature can be elevated. When designing with EP1C4F400I7, pay particular attention to 1.5 V core decoupling and BGA fan-out. Because this part belongs to an older family, verify exact ball assignments using the Cyclone FPGA family datasheet or Intel/Altera pin files. Within the EP1C4F400 package, speed-grade and finish variants are package-compatible, but timing and temperature limits must be re-evaluated when substituting between -6, -7, and -8 speed grades. This page synthesizes information from distributor listings, an alternatives cross-reference search, and practical board-design guidance. It supplements the manufacturer datasheet by showing which EP1C4F400 order-code variants are drop-in candidates and how to make an informed temperature, speed, and lead-finish selection.
EP1C4F400I7N - Cyclone FPGA, 4K LEs, 400-FBGA, Industrial | Intel/Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP1C4F400I7N is a Cyclone® family Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with 4,000 logic elements housed in a 400-ball FineLine BGA package (21 x 21 mm, 1.0 mm pitch). It operates at a core voltage of 1.5V, supports I/O voltages from 1.5V to 3.3V, and delivers a maximum internal operating frequency of 320 MHz. The industrial-grade -I7 speed grade is rated for the -40C to +85C ambient range. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a class of programmable logic device that allows designers to implement arbitrary digital logic functions after PCB fabrication. Within the broader taxonomy, the Cyclone series sits at the low-cost, low-power end of Intel's FPGA portfolio, bridging the gap between CPLDs and high-density Stratix devices. FPGAs are widely used in glue logic, custom interfacing, parallel DSP pipelines, and hardware prototyping, where time-to-market and in-system reprogrammability outweigh per-unit cost. The Cyclone architecture combines 4-input look-up tables (LUTs), embedded M4K RAM blocks (totaling approximately 78 Kbits), and a rich I/O mix including LVDS, PCI, and DDR support. Two PLLs provide flexible clock management, and dedicated hardware multipliers accelerate DSP operations. The device uses SRAM-based configuration, requiring an external configuration device such as the EPCS1 or EPCS4 serial flash for standalone boot. With 301 user I/Os and a 400-ball FBGA package, the EP1C4F400I7N is intended for I/O-rich designs such as industrial control boards, custom video or image processing front-ends, prototyping platforms, and educational development kits. The 1.0 mm ball pitch makes the package approachable for multilayer PCB fabrication while still enabling high pin-count integration. When designing, pay close attention to configuration scheme (AS, PS, JTAG), decoupling (100 nF + bulk tantalum near each VCC/GND pair), and thermal management: although typical quiescent power is modest, dynamic power scales with toggle rate. Always validate timing with Quartus II TimeQuest under worst-case process, voltage, and temperature corners. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives drawn from the same Cyclone family, and practical design notes not assembled in any single manufacturer document.
EP1C6F25617 - Cyclone FPGA 5,980 LEs 256-FBGA | Altera
The Altera (now Intel) EP1C6F25617 is a member of the first-generation Cyclone FPGA family, offering 5,980 logic elements, 921,600 bits of embedded RAM, and 185 user I/O pins in a 256-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA) package. Fabricated on a 0.13-µm SRAM-based process, it operates with a core voltage of 1.5 V and supports I/O bank voltages of 1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, and 3.3 V through flexible LVDS/LVTTL/LVCOMS/SSTL interface standards. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic blocks, configurable interconnects, and I/O cells that engineers can reconfigure after manufacturing. FPGAs sit within the broader category of programmable logic devices (PLDs), above CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices) in density, and are used to implement custom digital logic, parallel processing pipelines, hardware accelerators, and glue logic without the cost and lead time of an ASIC. Key features of the EP1C6F25617 include two integrated PLLs for clock management, 20 M4K embedded RAM blocks (4 Kbit each, configurable as true dual-port or simple dual-port), and 13 dedicated LVDS channels. The device supports configuration via passive serial (PS), active serial (AS), and JTAG modes, and is supported by the Altera Quartus II design suite (legacy versions 5.1–13.0). The Cyclone architecture uses a four-input look-up table (LUT) logic element with a dedicated carry chain and register, giving an effective logic density of around 20,000 gates. The 256-pin FBGA package measures 17 mm × 17 mm with a 1.0 mm ball pitch, suiting it to mid-complexity glue logic, bridge designs, and low-volume prototyping. Total internal memory bandwidth reaches approximately 166 Mbit/s per M4K block when configured for FIFO operation. Typical applications for the EP1C6F25617 include industrial control boards, video processing front-ends, motor drive interfaces, telecom line cards, and educational development platforms. The device also served in early digital camera image pipelines and in ASIC prototyping rigs where 6K LEs was the target gate count. When designing with the EP1C6F25617, ensure that decoupling on each VCCINT and VCCIO pin follows the Cyclone handbook guidelines (typically 0.1 µF ceramic per pin group, plus a single 33 µF bulk tantalum). The 256-FBGA footprint requires a 4-layer PCB minimum, with via-in-pad recommended for reliable reflow. This page synthesizes distributor pricing snapshots, drop-in Cyclone-family alternatives from the Site MPN list, and design notes compiled from the Cyclone Device Handbook - information not assembled in any single manufacturer datasheet.