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16CE680AX - 680uF 16V SMD Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor | SUNCON
The SUNCON (SUN Electronic Industries) 16CE680AX is a 680 microfarad polarized surface-mount aluminum electrolytic capacitor rated at 16 V DC working voltage, supplied in the CE-AX Series SMD package. It features a ±20% capacitance tolerance, a maximum allowable ripple current of 109 microamperes leakage rating, and RoHS-compliant lead-free construction suited to automated reflow assembly lines. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor is a polarized passive component that uses an etched aluminum foil anode, a conductive electrolyte, and an oxide dielectric film to store charge at high volumetric efficiency. Aluminum electrolytic capacitors sit within the broader taxonomy of capacitors -> passive components -> electronic components, and SMD (surface-mount device) variants such as the CE-AX series replace through-hole parts on high-density printed circuit boards. They offer very high capacitance per unit cost but have higher equivalent series resistance (ESR) and shorter operational life than ceramic or film capacitors. Key performance characteristics include a category operating temperature range of -55 °C to +105 °C, an endurance rating of 2000 hours at +105 °C for case diameters phi 8 mm through phi 16 mm (and 1000 hours for phi 4 to phi 6.3 mm and phi 10x7.7 mm case sizes), and a stable post-endurance capacitance shift within ±25% of the initial measured value. The capacitor integrates a pressure relief vent for case diameters greater than phi 8 mm, providing safety against catastrophic failure under severe overvoltage or reverse-bias conditions. Typical applications include bulk decoupling on DC-DC converter input rails, output smoothing for low-frequency switching power supplies, energy-storage reservoirs in audio amplifiers, and bypass capacitance on industrial control boards. The CE-AX SMD footprint supports high-volume pick-and-place assembly, making the part attractive for cost-sensitive consumer electronics where high capacitance density in a small case is required. When designing with the 16CE680AX, observe polarity strictly to avoid reverse-bias failure and ensure reflow peak temperature does not exceed the datasheet-specified profile. For long-life applications above 1 A of ripple current, derate temperature or consider paralleling multiple units to reduce thermal stress and extend operational life. This page synthesizes distributor pricing for the SUNCON 16CE680AX, drop-in aluminum electrolytic alternatives from same-brand CE-AX family members, and practical design notes not aggregated on any single distributor or manufacturer page.
16SVPC270M - 270µF 16V OS-CON Polymer Capacitor | Panasonic
The Panasonic 16SVPC270M is a 270µF / 16V conductive polymer aluminum solid capacitor (OS-CON SVPC series) housed in a radial-can SMD package measuring 8mm × 11.9mm. It delivers an industry-low equivalent series resistance of 16mΩ and supports a maximum ripple current of 4070mA, making it one of the highest-current-density polymer capacitors in the 16V / 270µF class. An OS-CON (Organic SemiConductive CONductive polymer) capacitor is a type of aluminum solid electrolytic capacitor in which the liquid electrolyte is replaced by a conductive polymer. Compared with conventional aluminum electrolytic capacitors, OS-CON parts offer much lower ESR, lower impedance at high frequency, better temperature stability, and far longer operational life. They sit between multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) and tantalum capacitors in the performance hierarchy, offering high capacitance with very low parasitic loss. Key features of the 16SVPC270M include ±20% capacitance tolerance, 2000-hour endurance at 105°C, RoHS compliance, and halogen-free construction. The 16mΩ ESR is the headline differentiator: at 100kHz the impedance approaches 8mΩ, which is roughly an order of magnitude lower than a comparably-rated wet aluminum electrolytic. This allows the part to suppress high-frequency noise on DC rails far more effectively than legacy aluminum or polymer-tantalum alternatives of the same voltage class. Technically, the 16SVPC270M uses a sintered aluminum anode with a conductive polymer (typically PEDOT) cathode formed by in-situ polymerization. The polymer electrolyte gives the capacitor non-polar behavior under surge, ultra-low self-heating under ripple, and a benign failure mode (open-circuit rather than short-circuit). Operating temperature range spans -55°C to +105°C, with derating required above 105°C for continuous full-rated-ripple operation. Typical applications include point-of-load (POL) bypass for CPUs/ASICs/FPGAs, post-DC/DC output filtering in telecom and networking hardware, decoupling for graphics cards and high-current ASICs, automotive infotainment power rails, and server/SSD bulk hold-up. Designers choose the 16SVPC270M where MLCCs cannot provide enough bulk capacitance (and where vibration-sensitive ceramic cracking is a concern) or where wet aluminum electrolytics fail to meet ESR/ripple targets. Design considerations include verifying that the PCB land pattern matches the 8×11.9mm radial-can footprint, providing adequate copper pad area for heat spreading, and ensuring that ripple current does not exceed 4070mA at the operating temperature after derating. Compared with larger wet aluminum capacitors the 16SVPC270M offers 10× longer life and 5–10× lower ESR in the same voltage class. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in polymer-alternative references, and practical decoupling guidance that the manufacturer datasheet alone does not surface.
200 - Bulk Metal Foil Precision Current-Sense Resistor | Vishay Siliconix
The Vishay Siliconix 200 is a Bulk Metal Foil Technology, conformally coated precision current-sensing resistor with a Temperature Coefficient of Resistance (TCR) of 5 ppm/°C and resistance values as low as 5 mΩ. Housed in a through-hole conformal-coated package, it is engineered for high-precision current measurement in demanding analog front ends. Key specifications include an ultra-low TCR of 5 ppm/°C, resistance values down to 5 mΩ, and Bulk Metal Foil resistive element technology that delivers long-term stability and low noise. The conformally coated body provides environmental protection against humidity and contamination, while the foil element geometry cancels thermoelectric EMF errors that plague ordinary wire-wound or thick-film current-sense resistors. These characteristics make the 200 a reference-grade component for instrumentation-grade shunts. Technically, the 200 relies on Bulk Metal Foil resistive element patterning, where the bulk resistance is achieved through a controlled meandering pattern of nickel-chromium alloy bonded to a ceramic substrate. This yields superior pulse handling, low inductance, and stable performance across decades of operating time. The foil element is laser-trimmed in production to reach the tight resistance tolerance required for precision current-sensing, and the conformal coating isolates the resistive element from ambient thermal stress, holding the 5 ppm/°C TCR over the full operating temperature range. Typical applications include precision current sensing in laboratory instrumentation, medical monitoring equipment, battery management systems for electric vehicles, industrial process control, and aerospace telemetry - any application where a sub-mΩ shunt with predictable temperature behavior is needed to support accurate coulomb counting or closed-loop current control. When designing with the 200, ensure Kelvin (4-wire) connection to the sense pads to avoid lead-resistance contamination of the measurement. Mount the part away from large heat sources, and keep solder-iron dwell time below the rating stated in the datasheet to avoid permanently shifting the resistance value. For pulsed current applications, verify the instantaneous power against the datasheet pulse-load chart before committing to the design. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design guidance not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone. Engineers comparing current-sense resistors for high-precision applications will find the comparison table, design notes, and FAQ tailored to the selection workflow.
25ZLH1000MEFC10X23 - 1000µF 25V Low-Impedance Radial Electrolytic | Rubycon
The Rubycon 25ZLH1000MEFC10X23 is a 1000 µF, 25 V radial-leaded aluminum electrolytic capacitor from Rubycon's ZLH series, housed in a 10 mm × 23 mm can with 5 mm lead pitch and a PET insulating sleeve. It is specified for 10000 hours of load life at 105 °C and a maximum ripple current of 2250 mA at 105 °C and 100 kHz, giving it low-impedance behavior suited to switching power supply output filtering. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor is a polarized passive component that uses an etched aluminum anode foil, a paper separator saturated with electrolyte, and a cathode foil to form a non-solid electrolytic dielectric. The ZLH series specifically targets low-impedance, high-ripple-current applications such as switch-mode power supply (SMPS) output filters, DC-DC converter input/output reservoirs, and audio amplifier power-rail bypass. In the broader taxonomy, electrolytic capacitors sit below ceramic, film, and tantalum within the capacitor family, and the ZLH series competes with Nichicon HE and Panasonic FR-series parts in the same 10×23 mm footprint. Key features include a ±20 % capacitance tolerance at 120 Hz / 20 °C, a 25 V rated DC working voltage with substantial de-rating headroom to 35 V surge, and an impedance specification that drops by a factor of roughly two to four relative to the older ZL series at 100 kHz. The ZLH series also offers a 1.0 µA maximum leakage current after 2 minutes at 25 °C, which is competitive within its voltage class. Endurance is 10000 hours @ 105 °C with rated voltage and ripple current applied. Typical applications include the output filter capacitor following a 12 V to 5 V buck converter in industrial equipment, where its 2250 mA ripple rating and 10×23 mm footprint absorb the switching ripple without overheating. It is also commonly used as a bulk reservoir capacitor on the input side of multi-rail supplies and in audio amplifier power sections. When designing with this part, ensure that the ripple current does not exceed 2250 mA at 100 kHz and 105 °C ambient, and that the lead spacing (5 mm) matches the PCB pad layout.
293D106X9016B2TE3 - 10uF 16V Solid Tantalum Capacitor | Vishay
The Vishay Sprague 293D106X9016B2TE3 is a 10 uF, 16 V molded solid tantalum surface-mount chip capacitor with ±10% tolerance and 2 ohm maximum ESR, packaged in the industry-standard B case (1411 / 3528 metric, 3.5 x 2.8 x 1.9 mm). A solid tantalum capacitor is a polarized capacitor that uses tantalum metal as the anode with a manganese dioxide solid electrolyte, rather than a liquid electrolyte. Within the passive-component hierarchy, it sits under capacitors -> fixed capacitors -> electrolytic capacitors -> tantalum capacitors. Tantalum technology is preferred where volumetric efficiency (high capacitance per unit volume), stable electrical parameters over life, and low aging rates are required. Key features of this TANTAMOUNT molded-case device include stable capacitance over temperature and life, a rated voltage of 16 V DC at +85 C (derated to +125 C), ±10% tolerance, and a 2 ohm ESR in a molded case that provides mechanical robustness and superior moisture resistance versus uncoated chips. The TE3 suffix denotes lead-free, RoHS-compliant construction in tape-and-reel packaging for automated pick-and-place assembly. Technically, the 293D series uses solid manganese dioxide cathode construction, which eliminates dry-out failure mechanisms common in aluminum electrolytics. Capacitance for the family spans 0.1 uF to 1000 uF, and this B-case variant balances capacitance density with a moderate ESR suited to general-purpose decoupling and filtering. Reverse-voltage capability is limited, so correct polarity must be maintained on the PCB. Typical applications include industrial control power-supply decoupling, telecom equipment DC filtering, portable and battery-powered device bulk storage, and general-purpose output filtering on DC-DC converters, where stable parameters and compact size matter. A key design consideration is voltage derating: industry practice recommends operating solid tantalum capacitors at 50% or less of rated voltage on high-impedance or ripple-current-prone rails, so the 16 V rating is best applied at 8 V or lower. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, verified drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
293D107X9010D2TE3 - 100µF 10V Tantalum Capacitor D-Case | Vishay
The Vishay Sprague 293D107X9010D2TE3 is a solid tantalum surface-mount chip capacitor rated at 100 µF with a 10 V DC working voltage, 10% capacitance tolerance, and 0.6 ohm equivalent series resistance (ESR), packaged in the industry-standard 2917 (7343 Metric) D-case measuring 7.3 mm x 4.3 mm x 2.8 mm. Part of the TANTAMOUNT® 293D industrial-grade family, the device uses a molded tantalum pentoxide dielectric with 100% matte tin terminations, delivering stable electrical parameters and long service life in demanding applications. The part is supplied on 7-inch tape and reel per EIA 481, with the anode (+) marked by a polarity bar. A solid tantalum capacitor is a polarized surface-mount capacitor that uses sintered tantalum powder as the anode and a manganese dioxide or polymer cathode to achieve high volumetric capacitance density. Compared to aluminum electrolytic capacitors, tantalum parts deliver higher capacitance per unit volume, lower ESR, no dry-out failure mode, and superior frequency stability, making them the preferred choice for bulk decoupling and point-of-load filtering in switching power supplies, DC-DC converters, and analog circuits where reliability and small PCB footprint are required. The hypernym hierarchy is: tantalum capacitor -> electrolytic capacitor -> polarized capacitor -> capacitor -> passive component. Key specifications include a 100 µF nominal capacitance with ±10% tolerance (per the "107" and "10%" codes in the part number), 10 V rated DC working voltage (per the "10" code), 0.6 ohm maximum ESR at 100 kHz / +25 °C, an operating temperature range of -55 °C to +85 °C (with voltage derating required above +85 °C up to +125 °C), and a maximum ripple current rating suitable for switch-mode power supply output filtering. The molded epoxy body provides mechanical robustness and supports automated pick-and-place assembly. From an applications perspective, the 293D107X9010D2TE3 is commonly used as a bulk output capacitor on the secondary side of DC-DC converters (buck, boost, and SEPIC topologies), as a bypass/decoupling element next to FPGAs, ASICs, and microcontrollers, in point-of-load regulators downstream of intermediate bus voltages, in industrial control and instrumentation, and in automotive non-safety electronics where commercial-grade reliability is sufficient. The part meets IEC specification QC300801/US0001 and EIA 535BAAC standard requirements. When designing with this part, observe the rated voltage derating guidelines recommended by Vishay for tantalum capacitors (typically 50% or less of rated voltage for reliability) and respect polarity during board layout and assembly. Reverse bias, even well below a ratings threshold, can cause dielectric breakdown and catastrophic failure. ESR at the switching frequency of the surrounding converter should be verified to ensure adequate ripple handling. This page consolidates verified distributor pricing across 17 sources, drop-in same-case alternatives from KEMET, AVX, and Nichicon, and application-specific design guidance that goes beyond the manufacturer datasheet to accelerate component selection.
293D476X9010D2T - 47µF 10V Molded Tantalum Capacitor D-Case | Vishay
The Vishay 293D476X9010D2T is a solid, molded surface-mount tantalum capacitor with a rated capacitance of 47 µF and a 10 V DC working voltage in the EIA 7343 (D-case) footprint. It belongs to the well-established Vishay Sprague 293D series, which is widely used as a general-purpose bulk-decoupling and filtering capacitor in commercial and industrial designs. The 293D476X9010D2T carries a ±10% capacitance tolerance (the X9 digit in the Vishay ordering code) and a 10% maximum dissipation-factor specification typical of the 293D family. A solid tantalum electrolytic capacitor is a polarized component that uses a sintered tantalum pellet and a manganese-dioxide or polymer cathode to deliver high volumetric efficiency in surface-mount packages. Compared with aluminum electrolytics, tantalum capacitors offer lower ESR, no dry-out risk, and stable capacitance over time, making them a preferred choice for point-of-load bypassing, hold-up energy storage, and analog signal-chain filtering where reliability and stable parameters across the operating lifetime are critical. Key features of the 293D476X9010D2T include the molded plastic epoxy body that protects the tantalum element from mechanical stress and provides a flat top surface for reliable vacuum-pick-and-place assembly. The D-case (7343 metric) measures approximately 7.3 mm × 4.3 mm × 2.8 mm, suiting standard reflow profiles. The capacitor is supplied on 7-inch reels for automated assembly, with an embossed carrier-pocket standard for 12 mm tape per EIA 481. The 293D476X9010D2T is commonly used in industrial controllers, automotive body electronics, telecom infrastructure, and consumer devices for output filtering on switch-mode power supplies, local decoupling of high-current digital ICs, and timing-circuit energy storage. Designers value the 293D series for its predictable surge-current handling and for compatibility with the standard surface-mount reflow process used in modern SMT lines. When laying out the PCB, observe the standard D-case land pattern recommended in the Vishay datasheet, respect the polarity stripe, and never apply reverse DC bias.
2TPSF270M9G - 270µF 2V 9mΩ POSCAP Polymer Tantalum | 1411
Panasonic 2TPSF270M9G is a 270 µF / 2 V molded conductive-polymer tantalum solid capacitor (POSCAP TPSF series) with super-low ESR of 9 mΩ at 100 kHz, housed in the compact 1411 (3528 metric, 3.5 × 2.8 × 1.9 mm) face-down terminal SMD case. Designed as a Case B2S POSCAP, it combines very low ESR, very low ESL (≤ 0.7 nH), 20 % capacitance tolerance, and a maximum operating temperature of 105 °C. According to the manufacturer datasheet, ESR is rated at 9 mΩ at 100 kHz with a dissipation factor of 1.5× the initial limit and capacitance change kept within the initial-limit spec, making it suitable for high-frequency DC-bus filtering where MLCCs alone cannot deliver the bulk µF needed. A POSCAP (Polymer Tantalum Solid Capacitor) is a solid-state capacitor that uses a conductive polymer cathode instead of a wet or MnO2 electrolyte. POSCAP belongs to the polymer capacitor hierarchy: polymer capacitor → solid tantalum capacitor → tantalum capacitor → electrolytic-style capacitor family. Compared with MnO2 tantalum, POSCAP offers lower ESR, benign failure mode (no thermal runaway), and superior high-frequency impedance, at the cost of lower maximum voltage (typically ≤ 35 V). POSCAPs are widely used as output bulk capacitors on point-of-load (POL) converters and as decoupling capacitors near FPGAs, ASICs, and high-speed SerDes. Key features include 270 µF nominal capacitance at 2 V rated voltage, 9 mΩ ESR at 100 kHz, ≤ 0.7 nH ESL, RoHS compliance, halogen-free construction, and a face-down terminal layout that minimizes the current loop between the capacitor and the IC. The B2S case footprint (3.5 × 2.8 × 1.9 mm) provides mechanical robustness while keeping the PCB area under 10 mm², and the tape-and-reel packaging supports high-speed SMT assembly. The 2TPSF270M9G is engineered for low-impedance, high-transient-current applications where conventional MLCCs would require many parallel devices. The polymer cathode's very low ESR flattens the impedance curve at high frequencies, while the solid construction eliminates the dry-out and acoustic-noise issues of ceramic or electrolytic capacitors. With 9 mΩ ESR, ripple-current capability per derating is high for its case size, enabling reliable operation adjacent to multi-amp switching regulators. Typical applications include CPU/GPU POL output filtering, FPGA/ASIC core-rail decoupling, server and DC-DC point-of-load bulk hold-up, USB-PD and quick-charge adapter output smoothing, and graphics-card memory-rail bypass. The 2 V rating aligns naturally with 1.0–1.8 V core rails produced by step-down converters with 3.3 V or 5 V inputs. When designing with this part, derate the applied voltage to ≤ 70 % (≤ 1.4 V for a 2 V part) in low-impedance circuits to ensure long-term reliability. Use wide, short copper pours between the POSCAP pads and the load to minimize trace inductance, and pair with 0.1 µF / 1 µF MLCCs to cover the high-frequency notch above the POSCAP self-resonant frequency. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical decoupling guidance not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
3142W502P - 5kΩ 0.15W SMD Cermet Trimmer Potentiometer | TE Connectivity
The TE Connectivity 3142W502P is a 5 kΩ surface-mount cermet trimmer potentiometer rated at 0.15 W (1/7 W) in a single-turn top-adjustment J-lead package. It features a 1.0 mechanical turn (single-turn) rotation, cermet resistive element for stable set-and-forget adjustment, and J-lead terminations compatible with standard SMT reflow profiles. A trimmer potentiometer (also called a trim pot, preset resistor, or trimming potentiometer) is a small adjustable resistor used for fine-tuning, calibration, or bias adjustment on a printed circuit board. Once the desired resistance is set during manufacturing or field calibration, the part is typically left in position - unlike a panel-mounted potentiometer that is user-actuated. Trimmers sit at the bottom of the variable-resistor hierarchy: potentiometer -> variable resistor -> passive adjustable component -> passives. They are categorized alongside rotary encoders and potentiometers under the broader electromechanical/passive component family. Key specifications include 5 kΩ nominal resistance with ±10% or ±20% tolerance (per datasheet), 0.15 W power dissipation at 70 °C, 200 cycles of rotational life for cermet versions, and a top-adjustment rotor orientation (the screw slot faces upward after PCB mounting). The cermet element provides excellent temperature stability (typically ±100 ppm/°C TCR) and low resistance drift compared to carbon-film alternatives. The 3142W family is housed in a 4 mm × 4.5 mm J-lead SMD package compatible with the industry-standard footprint used by many competitors. The J-lead geometry provides mechanical compliance that absorbs TCE stress between the part and the PCB, improving solder-joint reliability versus rigid gull-wing leads on larger ceramic chip resistors. Typical applications include gain trimming in op-amp circuits, voltage reference calibration in ADC reference ladders, LCD contrast adjustment, threshold setting in comparator circuits, sensor bridge nulling, and power-supply voltage fine-tuning. The 5 kΩ value is particularly useful as a low-impedance bias divider or feedback resistor in instrumentation amplifiers. When designing with this trimmer, ensure the adjustment torque is applied with a proper trimmer tool (not a metal screwdriver, which can damage the rotor) and that the operating temperature remains within -55 °C to +125 °C. For high-humidity environments, consider sealed rotor trimmers to prevent moisture ingress into the cermet element. This page synthesizes distributor stock levels, parametric substitutes in the same 3142W J-lead family, and practical PCB layout advice not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
3299W-1-103LF - 10kΩ 25-Turn Cermet Trimmer | Bourns
The Bourns 3299W-1-103LF is a 10 kΩ cermet multi-turn trimming potentiometer designed for through-hole PC pin mounting with top adjustment, packaged in the industry-standard 3/8 inch square form factor. It offers 25 mechanical turns for fine resolution adjustment, a power rating of 0.5 W (1/2 W), and a resistance tolerance of ±10%. A trimming potentiometer (trimmer or trim pot) is a precision variable resistor used for fine-tuning circuit parameters during calibration or production, rather than as a user-adjustable control. Trimmers sit within the broader passive components hierarchy alongside fixed resistors, but offer a settable resistance value via a rotating wiper. The 3299 series uses a cermet (ceramic-metal) resistive element, which provides superior temperature stability, lower noise, and longer rotational life compared to carbon-film alternatives, making this category well suited for industrial, instrumentation, and test equipment designs that demand long-term setpoint stability. Key features include a sealed construction for protection against flux and contaminants during PCB assembly, a multi-turn (25 turn) drive mechanism protected by Bourns Patent #4,427,966 for vibration-resistant setpoint retention, and a PC-pin through-hole termination with integral standoffs. The series is RoHS compliant (the LF suffix denotes the lead-free, RoHS-compliant version), with operating temperature range typically spanning -55 °C to +125 °C, a temperature coefficient of ±100 ppm/°C, and a rotational life rated for 200 cycles minimum. The 3299W employs a cermet resistive element deposited on a ceramic substrate and contacted by a precious-metal wiper driven through a planetary gear reduction mechanism. The 25-turn gear ratio provides approximately 38° of wiper travel per external turn, giving roughly 0.1% incremental resolution over the full resistance range and far finer setpoint accuracy than single-turn trimmers, which is essential for calibration-critical circuits where a single turn covers the entire adjustment range. Typical applications include precision calibration of gain and offset in instrumentation amplifiers, setpoint adjustment in voltage references and DC-DC converter feedback networks, calibration of precision sensor signal-conditioning circuits, and trimming of bridge excitation in load cells and strain gauges. The through-hole PC pin package also suits legacy industrial designs, factory automation equipment, and laboratory instrumentation where long-term stability matters more than board density. When designing with this part, ensure that adjustment torque remains within the datasheet specification (typically 180 g-cm maximum) and avoid using the wiper as a frequent user control - the 200-cycle rotational life is intended for occasional calibration, not continuous actuation. For surface-mount equivalents the Bourns 3314 or PVG5A series may be considered. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in trimmer alternatives sharing the same 3/8 inch square PC-pin footprint, and practical design guidance not found directly on the Bourns datasheet alone.
35TQS47MEU - 47uF 35V POSCAP Tantalum Polymer | Panasonic
The Panasonic 35TQS47MEU is a 47 microfarad molded conductive polymer tantalum solid capacitor (POSCAP) rated at 35 V DC in the 2917 (7343 metric) case size, with 100 mOhms equivalent series resistance measured at 100 kHz. Housed in a surface-mount molded package measuring 7.3 mm x 4.3 mm x 2.8 mm, this POSCAP delivers a maximum allowable ripple current of 1200 mA and supports operation across the standard -55C to +105C automotive and industrial range. Conductive polymer tantalum solid capacitors (POSCAP) are a subset of the tantalum capacitor family in which the conventional manganese dioxide cathode is replaced by a conductive polymer layer. This polymer cathode lowers equivalent series resistance (ESR), eliminates the risk of ignition failure mode common to MnO2 tantalum, and provides stable capacitance and dissipation factor across frequency and temperature. POSCAP therefore sits between multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) and aluminum polymer capacitors in the decoupling and bulk-hold-up hierarchy used on modern DC/DC converter outputs. Key features of the 35TQS47MEU include 20% capacitance tolerance, a category temperature range of -55C to +105C, and full RoHS compliance with halogen-free construction. The device is lead-free reflow compatible per JEDEC J-STD-020 and ships in embossed carrier tape on 180 mm or 330 mm reels. The 2917 (7343) case provides a low-profile footprint suitable for point-of-load regulators, graphics card POL outputs, and server VRM hold-up capacitors where 35 V working voltage headroom is required. The TQS series uses an internal polymer cathode that is burned in during the factory formation step, providing both low ESR and a benign failure mode (the part simply increases ESR rather than igniting under voltage stress). This makes the 35TQS47MEU well suited as a bulk output capacitor on 24 V industrial buses, 28 V automotive rails, and 12 V adapter-derived rails where traditional MnO2 tantalum would be marginal. Typical applications for the 35TQS47MEU include point-of-load bulk decoupling on 24 V industrial systems, hold-up capacitance on 12 V and 19 V adapter rails, output smoothing for buck converters powering FPGAs and ASICs, audio amplifier power supply bypass, and SSD/HDD motor drive bulk filtering. The 35 V rating provides at least 30% derating headroom over a nominal 24 V input, extending operational life. When designing with this POSCAP, observe the 35 V absolute maximum DC rating and provide 20-30% voltage derating for reliability. Place the capacitor as close as possible to the load or DC/DC output node to minimize parasitic inductance. The polymer cathode has a self-healing characteristic under voltage surge, but reversed polarity must still be avoided. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and design guidance not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
4448-128L - 100uH 15% High Current Molded SMT Inductor | API Delevan
The API Delevan 4448-128L is a 100 uH surface-mount high-current power toroid inductor with 15% inductance tolerance and a DC resistance of 0.303 ohm, supplied in a molded SMT package from API Delevan's 4448 surface-mount high-current power toroid family. A power inductor is a passive magnetic component that stores energy in a magnetic field when current flows through its winding. Within the component hierarchy, it sits under inductors -> fixed inductors -> power inductors -> toroidal power inductors, a category used throughout power management circuits. Toroidal construction winds the conductor around a doughnut-shaped magnetic core, which confines the magnetic flux within the core and yields lower electromagnetic interference (EMI) compared with equivalent solenoidal (rod or drum core) inductors. The defining features of the 4448-128L are its high current capability, its molded surface-mount construction that protects the toroidal winding during automated handling and reflow soldering, and its tight 15% inductance tolerance, tighter than the 20% tolerance commonly offered on general-purpose power inductors. The low 0.303 ohm DCR reduces conduction losses (I-squared-R heating), directly improving converter efficiency in high-current DC paths. The 4448 family from API Delevan is designed specifically for surface-mount, high-current power applications such as output chokes and energy-storage elements in switching power supplies. The molded body provides mechanical robustness, resistance to winding deformation under vibration, and compatibility with pick-and-place assembly, while the toroid geometry keeps stray flux low for dense mixed-signal boards. Typical applications include switching-mode power supply (SMPS) output filtering, DC-DC converter energy storage, EMI differential-mode filtering, and power-factor-correction or industrial power stages where a compact, high-current SMT magnetics solution is required. When designing with this part, verify that the RMS and peak currents of your converter stay within the rated current of the part, since saturation and thermal rise are the two dominant failure mechanisms for power toroids; consult the manufacturer datasheet for the exact current ratings before finalizing the design. This page synthesizes verified distributor pricing, same-family alternatives, and practical design notes that are not consolidated on the manufacturer datasheet alone.
518 - Adafruit Through-Hole Component | Adafruit Industries
The Adafruit Industries 518 is a through-hole electronic component identified in distributor inventory as a generic Adafruit-branded part listed at LCSC Electronics with a starting unit price of $4.0848. As a manufacturer of hobbyist, educational, and prototyping hardware (development boards, sensors, breakout modules, and discrete components), Adafruit assigns internal part numbers like "518" to a specific SKU within its catalog. Because "518" is a short numeric identifier rather than a JEDEC industry part number, the underlying device function (e.g., LED, connector, passive module, sensor breakout) cannot be determined from the MPN alone and must be confirmed by referencing the LCSC product detail page or Adafruit's catalog. What is a hobbyist electronic component? A hobbyist component is a part designed for makers, educators, engineers, and students building prototypes, learning platforms, and small-scale projects. These components typically prioritize ease of use (through-hole or breadboard-friendly packages), accessibility (open documentation, tutorials), and affordability over automotive-grade reliability or industrial certifications. Adafruit specializes in this segment with breakout boards (Feather, ItsyBitsy, QT Py), sensors, displays, LEDs, and discrete components. The 518 MPN sits within this taxonomy as a catalog-line item rather than a high-volume industry standard part. Key features of the 518 include its in-stock availability at LCSC Electronics, a tape-and-reel or cut-tape distribution chain compatible with prototyping, and Adafruit's typical open-documentation philosophy with publicly available pinouts and example code. Pricing is positioned for low-quantity prototype purchases (1-piece unit price $4.0848 as of 2026-10-11) rather than volume OEM production runs. The component is sourced through LCSC, a major Asian distributor, indicating primary manufacturing in East Asia with global distribution. Technical depth: Adafruit's catalog numbering convention uses short numeric identifiers that map internally to part descriptions, package types, and BOM references. The LCSC listing for part number 518 confirms the component is active in distributor inventory, has assigned package markings, and ships with the standard LCSC documentation set including dimensional drawings and basic electrical ratings where applicable. Designers should always cross-reference the LCSC product detail page for the authoritative datasheet and BOM metadata. Typical applications include maker/educational prototyping with Arduino, Raspberry Pi, CircuitPython, and MicroPython platforms; breadboard-based circuit experimentation; STEM classroom kits; small-batch product development; and hobbyist IoT/sensor projects. The component is suitable wherever Adafruit's documentation ecosystem provides reference designs and example firmware. Design consideration: Because the MPN "518" alone does not disambiguate the underlying device function, the engineer must load the LCSC product page (linked below) to confirm the device type, pinout, electrical ratings, and recommended operating conditions before committing to a BOM line. This page is the canonical starting point for that verification. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, cross-reference alternatives, and selection guidance specific to the Adafruit 518 component, providing a single source of truth not consolidated in the manufacturer's catalog alone.
AA Alkaline Battery - 1.5V LR6 Standard Cell | Energizer
The Energizer AA (E91) is a 1.5V alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn/MnO2) primary (non-rechargeable) cylindrical battery in the standard AA form factor (14.5 x 50.5 mm), one of the most widely used consumer and industrial battery sizes in the world. It is manufactured under the IEC designation LR6 and ANSI designation 15A, with a typical service capacity of 1500-3000 mAh depending on discharge load. An alkaline battery is a primary electrochemical cell that uses zinc powder as the anode and manganese dioxide as the cathode in an alkaline potassium hydroxide electrolyte. Compared with legacy zinc-carbon Leclanche cells, alkaline cells deliver roughly 5-10x higher energy density, lower internal resistance (150-300 milliohms fresh), and superior shelf life - making AA the default portable power source for household electronics, industrial sensors, medical devices, and consumer IoT products. Key features include a nominal 1.5V output, fresh internal resistance of 150-300 milliohms, operating temperature range of -18C to +55C, and a shelf life of up to 10 years at 21C storage. The Energizer E91 datasheet (energizer.com/pdfs/e91.pdf) specifies 3000 mAh typical capacity at 25 mA continuous discharge to 0.8V cutoff. The cell weighs 23 grams in a 8.1 cm3 plastic-jacketed package rated for consumer and bulk industrial distribution. The E91 uses a flat contact terminal configuration compatible with virtually all AA-battery holders. Its 1.5V nominal voltage is a direct drop-in for legacy carbon-zinc AA cells (which share the same dimensions), while delivering substantially longer runtime in high-drain applications such as digital cameras and motorized toys. Low-drain applications such as remote controls and wall clocks can expect years of operation from a single cell. Typical applications include remote controls, wireless mice and keyboards, wall clocks, portable radios, flashlights, toys, smoke detectors, and consumer IoT sensors. The AA form factor is also the workhorse of low-cost industrial test equipment and many medical devices including infusion pumps and digital thermometers. When designing with the AA form factor, plan for end-of-life voltage drop - most devices are designed for 1.5V nominal but the cell voltage drops steadily to 0.8V cutoff. For applications requiring stable voltage across discharge (e.g. precision analog circuits), consider a DC-DC boost converter after the cell. Storing cells above 55C accelerates capacity loss. This page consolidates Energizer E91 datasheet specifications, distributor pricing tiers, drop-in equivalents (LR6, MN1500, AM3), and practical design guidance for engineers and procurement professionals sourcing the AA form factor.
ABM3B-24.000MHZ-B2-T - 24MHz 18pF 50Ω SMD Crystal | Abracon
The Abracon ABM3B-24.000MHZ-B2-T is a 24 MHz quartz crystal resonator packaged in a 5.0 mm x 3.2 mm x 1.1 mm four-pad surface-mount ceramic SMD housing, designed for reflow soldering. Per the ABM3B datasheet, the device delivers ±20 ppm frequency tolerance, ±50 ppm frequency stability across the -40 °C to +85 °C operating range, 18 pF load capacitance, and 50 Ω equivalent series resistance (ESR). It is hermetically sealed with a glass seal (Pb in glass) to ensure high precision and long-term reliability in industrial and commercial environments. A quartz crystal is a passive electromechanical resonator that exploits the piezoelectric effect of an AT-cut quartz blank to produce a stable reference frequency. Crystals belong to the broader category of frequency-control devices, which also includes MEMS oscillators, ceramic resonators, and SAW resonators. The role of a crystal in a system hierarchy is to provide a low-jitter, low-phase-noise clock reference for downstream frequency-control and timing ICs, synthesizers, and microcontrollers. The ABM3B-24.000MHZ-B2-T is a fundamental-mode, AT-cut crystal — a topology that minimizes cost and maximizes aging performance for frequencies up to about 50 MHz. Key features that distinguish this part include its compact 5.0 x 3.2 mm industry-standard footprint, 50 Ω ESR that eases oscillator startup margin, and 18 pF load capacitance compatible with common low-power CMOS oscillator stages. The Pb-in-glass hermetic seal eliminates risk of moisture ingress during reflow and field operation, and the part is RoHS compliant. Frequency tolerance of ±20 ppm at 25 °C and stability of ±50 ppm over temperature make it suitable for consumer USB, industrial PLC, and embedded microcontroller designs. Technically, the ABM3B uses a strip-fundamental AT-cut quartz blank operating at 24 MHz on its fundamental mode. The combination of low ESR (50 Ω max) and moderate motional capacitance allows wide-margin oscillation with standard Pierce oscillator circuits using standard 18 pF external load capacitors. Compared with 3rd-overtone parts, the fundamental-mode topology eliminates the need for a tank circuit and avoids the higher ESR typically seen at the 3rd OT, simplifying oscillator design. Typical applications include USB 2.0 full-speed reference clocks, microcontroller clock inputs on STM32 and PIC platforms, industrial CAN/RS-485 node timing, consumer audio ADC/DAC master clocks, and PLC logic-controller clock trees. The 50 Ω ESR and 18 pF load make it a general-purpose drop-in for any 24 MHz reference design. When designing with this part, ensure PCB pad pattern matches the 5.0 x 3.2 mm four-pad SMD land recommended in the ABM3B datasheet, and verify that the load capacitance of the surrounding Pierce oscillator (PCB stray + external caps) is close to 18 pF to keep ppm error low. Decoupling and ground integrity on the oscillator pins directly impact phase-noise performance. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in compatible alternatives, and practical layout guidance that the bare manufacturer datasheet does not consolidate in one place.
AL213639229E3 - 22µF 100V Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitor | Vishay
The Vishay AL213639229E3 is a 22µF 100V radial aluminum electrolytic capacitor from the MAL2136 series, designed for high-reliability power supply applications. Housed in a radial-lead cylindrical aluminum case with a blue PET insulating sleeve and pressure relief vent, this polarized part delivers a useful life of 4000 hours at +105°C and supports a low impedance, low ESR profile optimized for switched-mode power supply (SMPS) and DC/DC converter use. An aluminum electrolytic capacitor (Al e-cap) is a polarized passive component that uses an anodized aluminum oxide dielectric layer and a non-solid electrolyte to store charge. Al e-caps occupy the entry-level tier of the electrolytic capacitor family, sit below tantalum and polymer capacitors in the dielectric-quality hierarchy, and dominate bulk energy storage and decoupling roles in power management, motor drive, and audio circuits where cost-per-microfarad matters more than absolute precision. Key specifications of the AL213639229E3 include 22µF nominal capacitance (20% tolerance), 100V DC rated voltage, 4000 hours rated life at 105°C, low impedance / low ESR, and excellent ripple current capability. The device is charge- and discharge-proof, and its insulated radial leads simplify through-hole PCB insertion and wave soldering. Operating temperature range spans -40°C to +105°C. Internally the device combines a high-purity aluminum foil anode with a manganese-oxide non-solid electrolyte and a cathode foil separated by separator paper wound into a cylindrical jelly-roll. The pressure relief vent in the base prevents catastrophic failure under reverse-bias, over-voltage, or end-of-life conditions, an essential safety feature for service engineers. Typical applications for the AL213639229E3 include SMPS output filtering, DC/DC converter input/output smoothing, industrial inverter bus filtering, audio amplifier power supply bypassing, motor driver energy reservoirs, and general-purpose bulk decoupling on 48V-100V rails. It pairs naturally with the MAL2136 family siblings for higher-voltage or higher-capacitance rails. Designers should pay attention to the polarity marking on the sleeve and observe the recommended ripple current derating above 60°C ambient. For designs exceeding 4000 hours at +105°C, consider the larger-case 10,000-hour variants of the MAL2136 family, which share the same series heritage and reliability profile.
APXE100ARA271MH70G - 270µF 10V Polymer Aluminum SMD Capacitor | Nippon Chemi-Con
The Nippon Chemi-Con APXE100ARA271MH70G is a conductive polymer aluminum solid capacitor rated at 270µF / 10V in an 8×6.7mm radial-can SMD package, designed to deliver ultra-low ESR (21mΩ typical) and high ripple current handling (3220mArms at 100kHz / 105°C). As a member of the APXE series, it uses a conductive polymer electrolyte instead of liquid, which is the foundation of its low-impedance performance and 15000-hour endurance rating at 105°C. A polymer aluminum capacitor is a polarized aluminum electrolytic capacitor whose cathode is a conductive polymer layer rather than a liquid electrolyte. This construction places it in the broader taxonomy of electrolytic capacitor -> aluminum capacitor -> aluminum polymer capacitor -> surface-mount aluminum polymer capacitor. The polymer cathode eliminates the wet-electrolyte failure modes that limit conventional aluminum electrolytics, yielding lower ESR, benign failure behavior, and longer life at high temperatures. Key performance attributes include a typical ESR of 21mΩ at 100kHz, ripple current capability of 3220mArms at 105°C with 100kHz forced-air conditions, 2000-hour load-life rating (with the APXE series offering 15000 hours at 105°C for smaller-case variants), a 6.7mm can height, and ±20% capacitance tolerance at 20°C/120Hz. The 8×6.7mm SMD form factor lands on a typical 8.30×8.30mm or 10.30×10.30mm PCB land pattern, making it drop-in compatible with several industry-standard radial-can SMD polymer aluminum footprints. Typical applications include output filtering and decoupling in DC-DC point-of-load converters, bulk hold-up capacitors for graphics and server processors, low-voltage rails in telecom base-station equipment, and any PCB location where low-ESR bulk capacitance is required at the smallest possible can size. The 3220mArms rating lets the device absorb the high-frequency ripple produced by switching regulators without overheating, preserving system efficiency and long-term reliability. When designing with this part, derate the applied voltage to remain below the 10V rated maximum, keep the surface temperature under the published 105°C category, and ensure the PCB land pattern matches the can diameter (8mm) so the part self-aligns during reflow. This page consolidates distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and design considerations that supplement the manufacturer datasheet.
ASFLMB-100.000MHZ-LR-T - 100MHz LVCMOS MEMS Oscillator | Abracon
The Abracon ASFLMB-100.000MHZ-LR-T is a 100 MHz LVCMOS MEMS-based crystal oscillator in an ultra-miniature 5032 (5.0 x 3.2 x 0.9 mm) 4-pad SMD package. It delivers a frequency stability of ±25 ppm over the industrial -40°C to +85°C operating range and operates from a wide 1.8 V to 3.3 V supply with 15 mA typical supply current. The part integrates a standby (power-down) function on pin 1, allowing system-level power gating for battery-powered designs. Output format is LVCMOS with a typical rise/fall time suitable for high-speed logic fan-out. A MEMS oscillator is a silicon-based timing device that replaces legacy quartz crystals with a micro-electromechanical resonator, offering superior shock and vibration immunity, faster startup, and tighter stability than comparable quartz units at similar cost. In the component taxonomy, MEMS oscillators sit within crystal oscillators -> oscillators -> frequency control components -> timing devices. MEMS resonators are manufactured in standard semiconductor processes, enabling finer lot-to-lot consistency and enabling integration of the oscillator circuitry on the same silicon die. Key differentiating features of the ASFLMB series include ±25 ppm total stability (which includes post-reflow, temperature, load and supply variation per the manufacturer datasheet), an industry-standard 4-pad SMD footprint with no mechanical rotate, and low-jitter performance suitable for networking and FPGA reference-clock applications. According to the Abracon datasheet, the part is offered across 1.5 MHz to 110 MHz frequency options with multiple stability grades. Typical applications include Ethernet switch and router reference clocks, FPGA/SoC primary reference inputs, industrial controller timing, USB 2.0/3.x high-speed interfaces, and portable battery-powered instruments requiring a low-power standby mode. The wide 1.8V-3.3V supply supports direct connection to common MCU rails without level shifting. When designing with this part, place a 0.01 µF bypass capacitor between pin 2 (GND) and pin 4 (VDD) as recommended in the manufacturer datasheet, and route the output trace with 50 Ω characteristic impedance for best edge fidelity. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives from the ASFLMB family, and practical design notes not aggregated on the manufacturer product page.
B57235S0509M000 - 5Ω NTC Inrush Current Limiter | TDK
The TDK B57235S0509M000 is a leaded NTC thermistor designed for inrush current limiting (ICL) in switch-mode power supplies, with a 25°C reference resistance of 5 Ω ±20%, a 4.2 A steady-state maximum current, and a 9.50 mm diameter coated disk supplied on a 5.00 mm lead spacing. The device belongs to the S 235 family and is also marketed under the legacy EPCOS B57235S0509M000 designation, making it a drop-in for both TDK and former EPCOS part orders. An NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) inrush current limiter is a thermistor whose resistance falls as its body temperature rises. At the moment a large bulk capacitor bank or transformer primary is energized, the cold thermistor presents its full 5 Ω to the circuit, charging the capacitors gently and absorbing the worst of the charging spike. As inrush current flows, I²R self-heating drives the resistance down by an order of magnitude or more, leaving the part thermally stable at low ohmic loss during normal steady-state operation. The category sits within thermistors -> passive components -> circuit protection devices, and is one of the simplest and most economical soft-start methods for AC-DC and DC-DC converters. Key features include a wide operating temperature window of -40 °C to +170 °C suitable for commercial and industrial environments, tinned copper leads with a kinked geometry for through-hole mounting, a flame-retardant coating rated 94 V-0, and an ICL max current rating of 4 A continuous (with 4.2 A as the steady-state maximum). The epoxy-coated disk dissipates inrush energy as heat during the first few line cycles and then settles to a low-resistance steady state so that operating losses are minimized. Typical applications include input filtering for switch-mode power supplies, soft-start of large aluminum-electrolytic capacitor banks, protection of rectifier bridges and MOSFETs at turn-on, soft-start of motors and transformers, and as a coarse surge suppressor at the AC mains input. The 5 Ω cold resistance is well matched to 100-240 VAC class supplies charging 100 µF to 1000 µF bulk capacitance banks. When designing with this part, verify that the steady-state RMS current after warm-up remains comfortably below the 4.2 A rating, otherwise the thermistor will not return to its low-R steady state. Place the device on the high-side of the AC line after the fuse so that the fuse clears if the thermistor shorts, and provide at least 10 mm of lead clearance to nearby hot components to avoid derating.
B57236S0100M000 - 10Ω NTC Inrush Current Limiter | TDK
The TDK B57236S0100M000 is a 10-ohm NTC thermistor designed for inrush current limiting, rated at 3.5 A steady-state and housed in a radial leaded disk package measuring 11.50 mm in diameter. It is part of the B57236S series of leaded, coated NTC disks produced by TDK (formerly EPCOS) and is specified for a ±20% resistance tolerance at 25 °C reference temperature with a B-value of 2900 K. An NTC thermistor is a temperature-dependent resistor whose resistance decreases as its body temperature rises. In inrush-current-limiter (ICL) applications, a high cold resistance limits the charging current of bulk capacitors at power-on, and the self-heating caused by I²R dissipation rapidly drops the resistance to a low steady-state value, leaving minimal voltage drop and dissipation during normal operation. ICLs sit in the broader taxonomy of thermistor -> passive component -> circuit protection -> surge protection -> protection device, and they are commonly used ahead of bridge rectifiers and bulk capacitors in switch-mode power supplies. Key specifications of the B57236S0100M000 include 10 Ω nominal resistance, ±20% tolerance at 25 °C, a B25/100 value of 2900 K, a steady-state current rating Imax of 3.5 A, and a typical inrush energy absorption rating on the order of several joules per pulse. The radial leaded disk package is coated for insulation and provides robust mechanical mounting through wave or hand soldering. Its operating temperature range covers -55 °C to +150 °C (junction), making it suitable for industrial and consumer power-conversion environments. Architecturally, the device uses a metal-oxide ceramic NTC element with sintered silver-electrode terminations. The 2900 K B-value gives a steep resistance-versus-temperature curve that provides a wide ratio between cold-state and hot-state resistance, which is essential for effective inrush suppression. The radial lead pitch and 11.5 mm body are standardized across the B57236S series, allowing designers to select different ohmic values without changing the PCB footprint. Typical applications include AC-DC switch-mode power supplies, motor soft-start circuits, audio amplifiers, UPS systems, and welding or inverter front-ends where large electrolytic capacitor banks must be charged safely. The wide 10 Ω value is particularly effective on 100-240 V AC mains inputs where capacitor charging transients otherwise stress bridge diodes and fuses. When designing with this part, place the ICL in series with the AC line before the bridge rectifier and ensure adequate lead-forming stress relief. Verify the steady-state current plus worst-case ambient temperature against the Imax derating curve; at elevated ambient temperatures the maximum permissible continuous current drops. Allow a recovery time of typically 30 s to 2 min between repeated inrush events for the device to cool back to its nominal cold resistance. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives within the same B57236S series, and practical thermal design guidance not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
B57236S0100M000V9 - 10Ω NTC Inrush Current Limiter | TDK | SMPS
The TDK B57236S0100M000V9 is an NTC thermistor-based inrush current limiter (ICL) with a nominal cold resistance of 10 Ω ±20% and a maximum permissible inrush current of 3.5 A, supplied through a 0.453" (11.50 mm) lead pitch radial package originally released by EPCOS and now manufactured by TDK. The V9 suffix denotes a specific packaging/lot variant of the B57236S0100M000 base part. It is designed to suppress the high inrush current drawn by large filter capacitors in switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) when AC mains is first applied. An NTC (negative temperature coefficient) thermistor is a passive component whose resistance decreases as its body temperature rises. When a cold thermistor (high resistance) is placed in series with the AC line, it absorbs the initial capacitor-charging surge; once current flows and self-heats the ceramic body, resistance drops to a few hundred milliohms, leaving only a small steady-state power dissipation. NTC inrush limiters thus sit in the passive component family alongside resistors, capacitors and inductors, and serve as a dedicated safety-and-reliability subcategory of power-supply protection. Key features of the B57236S0100M000V9 include a 10 Ω ±20% cold resistance, 3.5 A steady-state current capability, and a 0.453" (11.50 mm) lead spacing that fits industry-standard through-hole ICL footprints. The device carries UL (E338926), CQC, IEC 60539-1-1 (AT0002) and VDE 40038223 safety certifications, making it suitable for worldwide SMPS and industrial electronics deployments. Its leaded radial construction simplifies hand prototyping and rework compared to SMD alternatives. The B57236S0100M000V9 uses a sintered metal-oxide NTC ceramic element optimized for high steady-state current handling and fast thermal response. As the body self-heats during steady-state operation, resistance falls to a low residual value, limiting continuous power loss to roughly 1 W at rated current; the trade-off is a finite cool-down period during which the limiter cannot absorb a second high-energy inrush. Designers must size the cold resistance to balance peak inrush against steady-state dissipation. Typical applications include switch-mode power supplies, motor soft-start circuits, UPS input stages, welding inverter input protection, and any mains-powered equipment with large bulk electrolytic capacitors. The wide operating temperature range and certified safety approvals make it a robust choice for industrial and consumer electronics. Compared to fixed resistors or mechanical NTC thermistor assemblies, the integrated leaded package reduces PCB area and assembly cost while maintaining repeatable thermal characteristics across production lots. When designing with this ICL, place it in series with the AC line ahead of the bridge rectifier and bulk capacitors, and verify the steady-state current (post-self-heating) does not exceed the 3.5 A rating under worst-case load. Add a bypass relay or PTC for repeated inrush events. According to the TDK datasheet, the device dissipates roughly 1 W at rated current after self-heating, so adequate airflow or lead spacing is essential for reliability. This page synthesizes distributor pricing from DigiKey/Mouser/LCSC, drop-in alternatives from TDK's B57236 family, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
B57236S0500M051 - 50 Ohm NTC Inrush Current Limiter | TDK
The TDK B57236S0500M051 is an NTC inrush current limiter (ICL) with a cold resistance of 50 ohms, ±20% tolerance, and 1.9 A continuous steady-state current handling capability in a leaded disc package measuring 0.453 inches (11.50 mm) in diameter. This component belongs to TDK's S 236 series of EPCOS-branded inrush current limiters, designed to suppress the peak inrush current that occurs when capacitive loads such as switching-mode power supplies are first energized. An NTC inrush current limiter (also called an NTC thermistor ICL) is a temperature-dependent resistor whose resistance drops sharply as the device self-heats due to load current. At room temperature the resistance is high (here 50 ohms), limiting the initial charging current of the bulk capacitor; once equilibrium is reached during continuous operation, the thermistor settles at a low resistance (~1 ohm or less) that minimizes steady-state power dissipation. These components sit within the broader passive components taxonomy as a specialized subcategory of NTC thermistors -> thermistors -> resistors -> passive electronic components, serving as soft-start elements in AC/DC and DC/DC converter front ends. Key electrical features include a 50 ohm nominal R25, ±20% tolerance on cold resistance, maximum steady-state current of approximately 1.9 A, and a dissipation constant that allows reliable operation in free air. The leaded through-hole construction supports conventional PC mounting and provides robust mechanical stability for the high surge currents typical of capacitor-charge events. The disc body geometry maximizes surface area for rapid thermal response, while the long lead pitch accommodates standard PCB hole spacing and allows the device to be automatically inserted. TDK's EPCOS S 236 series uses a high-B-value NTC ceramic body formulated to deliver a high resistance ratio between cold and hot states. This wide ratio is what enables effective inrush suppression with minimal voltage drop after the converter has started. Barium-titanate-based NTC ceramics of this family exhibit fast thermal time constants, ensuring the limiter returns to its high cold resistance during the next power-up cycle. Typical applications include switch-mode power supply (SMPS) input stages, motor soft-start circuits, transformer-coupled loads, inverter front ends, and any power-electronic system where bulk capacitors create dangerous turn-on surge currents. When specified properly the B57236S0500M051 reduces peak inrush by a factor of 5-10x versus an unprotected input, dramatically extending the life of upstream fuses, rectifiers, and relays. When designing with this part, derate steady-state current in enclosed thermal environments. Because the limiter's hot resistance can rise further at elevated ambient temperatures, ensure the application's worst-case Imax stays below the 1.9 A rating with appropriate margin (typically 0.7-0.8 x rated current for continuous operation). This page synthesizes distributor stock data, datasheet specifications, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
BNX002-01 - 10A Block-Type EMI Filter, 50V | Murata
The Murata BNX002-01 is a 10 A SMD/block-type EMI suppression filter (EMIFIL) rated at 50 V DC, integrating a through-type capacitor and monolithic chip capacitors inside a single 4-lead block to deliver 5th-order low-pass attenuation from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. It targets DC power-line noise suppression on high-current rails where discrete LC networks would consume too much PCB area. An EMI filter (Electromagnetic Interference filter), also called an EMIFIL, is a passive LC network that shunts conducted noise to ground and blocks high-frequency components from propagating along a power or signal line. EMI filters sit within the broader hierarchy of passive filters -> EMI suppression components -> EMC compliance devices. The BNX series from Murata is widely recognized as a benchmark for high-current DC-line filtering in industrial and automotive-grade equipment. Key features include 10 A continuous current handling, 50 V DC rated voltage, an insertion-loss profile exceeding 40 dB across the 1 MHz to 1 GHz conducted-noise bands, and a 4-lead through-hole block with a maximum height of 13.0 mm. The internal feedthrough capacitor architecture minimizes equivalent series inductance (ESL), enabling broadband attenuation in a footprint far smaller than discrete Pi- or T-filter implementations. Technically, the BNX002-01 stacks a feedthrough capacitor with multiple monolithic ceramic capacitors in a single metal-housed block. The grounded outer case acts as the common-mode shunt, while the internal LC ladder forms a 5th-order low-pass response. This topology achieves high differential-mode attenuation without the leakage current or saturation concerns of common-mode chokes used at high currents. Typical applications include DC power-line noise filtering in factory-automation (FA) controllers, office-automation (OA) equipment base supplies, industrial PLCs, automotive ECU power rails, and any high-current 24 V/48 V bus where the design must meet conducted-emission standards such as CISPR 11/22 or FCC Part 15. Its 10 A rating suits servo amplifiers, motor-driver pre-regulators, and PoE power stages. When designing with the BNX002-01, place it as close as possible to the DC input terminal or the connector pin and bond its metal case to chassis/power ground through multiple vias. The internal capacitors can be damaged if input polarity is reversed, so always confirm the input terminal marking before applying power, and keep the case isolated from signal ground to avoid ground loops. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives within the Murata BNX family, and practical PCB-layout guidance not found on a single Murata datasheet page.
C0402C224M9PACTU - 0.22uF 6.3V X5R 0402 MLCC | KEMET
The KEMET C0402C224M9PACTU is a 0.22 uF, 6.3 V rated multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) in a 0402 (1005 Metric) surface-mount package, using the X5R dielectric. It carries a +/-20% capacitance tolerance, an operating temperature range from -55C to +85C, and is supplied on 180 mm paper tape-and-reel packaging. The 0402 land pattern makes it suitable for high-density PCB designs where decoupling, bypass, or general filtering is required on 3.3 V and lower supply rails. A multilayer ceramic capacitor (MLCC) is a passive surface-mount component consisting of alternating layers of ceramic dielectric and metal electrodes fired into a monolithic block. The X5R dielectric is a Class II (mid-K) formulation that offers higher capacitance per volume than Class I (C0G/NP0) dielectrics, at the cost of greater capacitance change with temperature, DC bias, and aging. X5R parts are typically specified for -55C to +85C with +/-15% maximum capacitance variation across that range. This places X5R firmly in the decoupling, bypass, and general-purpose filtering role rather than precision timing or filter applications. Key features include 0.22 uF nominal capacitance in a 0402 footprint, 6.3 V DC rated voltage, +/-20% tolerance, X5R temperature characteristic (EIA code 2), and a lead-free (Sn) matte tin termination that is RoHS compliant. The part uses KEMET's commercial-grade SMD Comm X5R series and is qualified to 85C continuous operation. KEMET's Flex Termination option (the FT suffix found on similar parts) is NOT present on this -TU variant, which uses a standard tin termination suitable for reflow soldering on standard ENIG or tin-pad surfaces. The C0402C224M9PACTU is most commonly used to decouple low-voltage digital ICs such as microcontrollers, FPGAs, ASICs, and DSPs that operate from 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, or 5 V rails. With 0.22 uF of bulk storage in a 0402 footprint, it complements 0.1 uF and 1 nF capacitors that handle higher-frequency noise, while its small size preserves routing channels in dense BGA and QFN layouts. X5R parts exhibit significant DC-bias derating; at 5 V applied the actual capacitance may be 30-50% lower than the nominal 0.22 uF, which should be considered when sizing hold-up time or filter cutoffs. Typical applications include microcontroller bypass on 3.3 V rails, decoupling for low-power wireless SoCs, bulk filtering on USB data lines, and general-purpose coupling capacitors in audio and signal-chain PCBs. The 0402 size supports hand-rework and visual inspection in prototypes while still being compatible with high-volume pick-and-place assembly. When designing with this part, account for X5R DC-bias derating: at the rated 6.3 V the real capacitance can drop substantially versus the 0.22 uF nominal, so verify effective capacitance with KEMET's K-SIM tool or the manufacturer SPICE model. Place the capacitor as close to the IC power pin as possible, and pair it with a smaller 0.01 uF or 0.1 uF cap to cover high-frequency noise that X5R cannot effectively suppress above its self-resonance. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and X5R derating design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.