LM393N - Dual Comparator 2-36V Open-Collector | 8-PDIP
부품 번호: LM393N ✓ 활성| 수량 | 단가 | 합계 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | $0.42 | $0.42 |
| 10 | $0.36 | $3.60 |
| 100 | $0.28 | $28.00 |
| 500 | $0.22 | $110.00 |
| 1,000 | $0.18 | $180.00 |
LM393N 개요
A comparator is an analog decision element that compares two input voltages and produces a logic-level output indicating which input is larger. The LM393N fits within a hierarchy of: comparator -> analog comparator -> signal-conditioning IC -> semiconductor. Within the broad comparator category, the LM393N belongs to the low-power, low-offset, open-collector-output class (synonym: voltage comparator), distinct from the LM339 quad family and the more modern CMOS comparators such as the LMV393 and LM393LV.
Key specifications of the LM393N include: input offset voltage as low as 2 mV maximum (LM193/LM193A series; typical LM393 spec is ±5 mV), input bias current of 25 nA typical, common-mode input range that includes ground, and a propagation delay of approximately 1.3-1.5 microseconds. The open-collector output stage requires a pull-up resistor (typically 2-10 kohm from output to the positive logic rail). The device operates across a -40 C to +85 C ambient temperature range and is widely used in battery-powered systems thanks to its low quiescent current draw (typically 0.4 mA per comparator).
Typical applications of the LM393N include zero-crossing detectors for AC line signals, battery voltage monitors and low-battery cutoff circuits, window comparators, over-voltage and over-current protection circuits, square-wave/relaxation oscillators, voltage level shifters (e.g., 5 V CMOS to 12 V relay logic), and analog sensor threshold detectors for photodiodes, thermistors, and Hall-effect sensors. The wide supply range and ground-sensing input make it especially useful in single-rail automotive and industrial 12 V/24 V systems.
When designing with this device, remember that the open-collector output cannot actively source current - you must provide a pull-up resistor on each output. Also, the input common-mode range is limited to 0 V to VCC-1.5 V; inputs that approach the upper rail may saturate the input stage. For low-voltage (<5 V) battery applications where lower quiescent current is critical, consider the LMV393 (CMOS) or LM393LV as direct upgrades.
드롭인 대체품: LM393N — 동일 패키지, 핀 호환. PCB 재작업이 필요한 다른 패키지 부품은 제외됩니다.
이 시리즈의 변형
다음과 드롭인 호환되는 동일 시리즈 모델: LM393N (동일 폼 팩터 및 풋프린트) — 차이점: Package, Output Type, RoHS Status, Comparator Type, Operating Temperature Range.
빠른 비교 도구 — 나란히 비교할 대체 부품을 선택하십시오:
LM2903N
✅ 드롭인✓ 재고 있음
$0.27 / 개
데이터시트 보기 →LM393N/NOPB
✅ 드롭인📋 참조 대체품 (카탈로그에 없음)
LM293N
✅ 드롭인 ⚠️ 사양 미검증📋 참조 대체품 (카탈로그에 없음)
LM393NG
✅ 드롭인📋 참조 대체품 (카탈로그에 없음)
LM393P
✅ 드롭인✓ 재고 있음
$0.18 / 개
데이터시트 보기 →LM393D
✅ 드롭인✓ 재고 있음
$0.11 / 개
데이터시트 보기 →LM393N 최대 정격 & 전기적 특성
| Comparator Type | Dual General-Purpose Comparator |
| Number of Comparators | 2 (dual) |
| 출력 유형 | Open-Collector / Open-Drain (single-ended) |
| Input Offset Voltage (max) | 5 mV (LM393N); 2 mV (LM193/LM393A grade) |
| Input Bias Current (typ) | 25 nA |
| Supply Voltage Range (single supply) | 2 V to 36 V |
| Supply Voltage Range (dual supply) | ±1 V to ±18 V |
| Output Sink Current (max) | 16 mA |
| Propagation Delay (typ) | 1.3 us (300 mV overdrive) |
| Common-Mode Input Range | 0 V to VCC - 1.5 V (ground sensing) |
| Quiescent Current (typ) | 0.4 mA per comparator (0.8 mA total) |
| 동작 온도 범위 | 0 C to +70 C (LM393N) / -40 C to +85 C (LM2903N) |
| 패키지 | 8-PDIP (DIP-8, through-hole) |
| 실장 유형 | Through-Hole |
| RoHS 상태 | Non-RoHS (LM393N); RoHS on LM393N/NOPB variant |
LM393N 핀 구성
| 핀 1 | 1OUT — Comparator A open-collector output (requires external pull-up) |
| 핀 2 | 1IN- — Comparator A inverting input |
| 핀 3 | 1IN+ — Comparator A non-inverting input |
| 핀 4 | GND — Ground / negative supply |
| 핀 5 | 2IN+ — Comparator B non-inverting input |
| 핀 6 | 2IN- — Comparator B inverting input |
| 핀 7 | 2OUT — Comparator B open-collector output (requires external pull-up) |
| 핀 8 | VCC — Positive supply voltage (2 V to 36 V) |
일반적인 애플리케이션
LM393N 적합 용도: 6 애플리케이션s: Battery Voltage Monitor & Low-Battery Cutoff, Zero-Crossing Detector for AC Line Signals, Window Comparator / Over-Voltage Protection, Square-Wave / Relaxation Oscillator, Voltage Level Shifter (3.3V to 12V/24V), Analog Sensor Threshold Detector (Photodiode, Thermistor, Hall).
Battery Voltage Monitor & Low-Battery Cutoff
The LM393N's wide 2-36 V supply range and ground-sensing input make it ideal for battery monitoring in single-cell Li-ion or multi-cell lead-acid packs. Comparator A's inverting input is tied to a resistor-divider reference (e.g., 2.5 V TL431 or 1.25 V internal Vbe), while the non-inverting input senses scaled battery voltage through a high-impedance divider. When the battery drops below threshold, the open-collector output pulls low to drive a P-FET gate that disconnects the load. Typical threshold accuracy is ±50 mV with 1% external resistors. The 25 nA input bias current prevents battery drain when the system is idle, an advantage over BJT-based comparator circuits.
추천
Zero-Crossing Detector for AC Line Signals
The LM393N is a classic building block for mains-frequency zero-crossing detectors used in triac/SCR phase-control dimmers and TRIAC trigger timing circuits. A resistor-divider scales the 120/230 VAC line to less than 36 V peak (within the LM393N's supply rating); comparator A then drives its open-collector output low each time the AC line crosses zero. The 1.3 us propagation delay is fast enough for 50/60 Hz zero crossings and keeps phase-control error under 0.05 degrees. The same topology works for opto-isolator-based feedback paths in isolated AC-DC converters, where the LM393N's open-collector output drives an optocoupler LED directly without additional driver transistors.
추천
Window Comparator / Over-Voltage Protection
The LM393N's two independent comparators in a single package are ideally suited for window comparator circuits that detect under-voltage, over-voltage, or both. Comparator A flags under-voltage below the lower threshold while comparator B flags over-voltage above the upper threshold. Their open-collector outputs are tied together (wired-OR) to a single alarm line that goes low whenever either condition is detected. With 1% external resistor dividers, typical threshold accuracy is ±2%; with 0.1% resistors, ±0.5%. The 36 V supply tolerance handles 12 V and 24 V automotive/industrial rails directly without additional regulation, and the 16 mA output sink drives relay coils, opto-isolators, or logic-level signals.
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Square-Wave / Relaxation Oscillator
The LM393N forms a classic relaxation oscillator with just three external components: a resistor R from output to non-inverting input, a resistor R' from non-inverting input to VCC, and a timing capacitor C from non-inverting input to ground (or inverting input cross-coupled). The oscillation frequency is approximately f = 1 / (2 * R * C * ln((VCC - V_low) / (VCC - V_high))). With R = 10 kohm and C = 100 nF, the LM393N yields around 700 Hz on a 5 V supply - useful for audible-tone generation, test-signal injection, or simple clocking for microcontroller-free designs. The 1.3 us propagation delay caps the usable frequency around 100 kHz before distortion becomes significant.
추천
Voltage Level Shifter (3.3V to 12V/24V)
The LM393N's open-collector output is a textbook level shifter between incompatible logic rails. Power the LM393N from the source rail (e.g., 3.3 V or 5 V) but pull its open-collector output up to the target rail (e.g., 12 V, 24 V, or even 36 V) through a 4.7 kohm to 10 kohm pull-up resistor. When the comparator output transistor is OFF, the line sits at the target rail; when ON, the line pulls to ground. This same-circuit shifter works in both directions and even translates between negative and positive domains. With propagation delay of 1.3 us, the LM393N supports UART (115 kbaud clean) and slower SPI/I2C buses; for high-speed buses use the TI SN74LVC8T245PW.
추천
Analog Sensor Threshold Detector (Photodiode, Thermistor, Hall)
The LM393N shines in analog sensor interfaces where a binary decision is needed. For photodiode-input light detectors, the photodiode connects to the inverting input; the non-inverting input is biased by a fixed reference; the open-collector output drives an LED indicator or logic-level signal. For thermistor-based temperature switches, a voltage divider with the thermistor feeds one input; the other sees a fixed threshold set by a stable reference; the output toggles when temperature crosses the trip point. The 25 nA input bias current keeps loading on high-impedance sensors negligible - critical when the sensor output is in the tens of microamps range. The 8-PDIP package remains the dominant form factor for hand-built sensor modules.
추천
추천 제품 요약
엔지니어링 참조 데이터: LM393N — 비교, 설계 지침 및 규정 준수 정보.
선택 가이드
대체품과의 비교
| 파라미터 | 이 제품 | LM2903N | LM393N/NOPB | LM293N | LM393NG | LM393P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 8-PDIP (DIP-8) | 8-PDIP (DIP-8) - identical through-hole | 8-PDIP (DIP-8) - identical through-hole | 8-PDIP (DIP-8) - identical through-hole | 8-PDIP (DIP-8) - identical through-hole (onsemi) | 8-PDIP (DIP-8) - identical through-hole (NXP) |
| Brand | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | onsemi | NXP Semiconductors |
| Number of Comparators | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Output Type | Open-Collector | Open-Collector | Open-Collector | Open-Collector | Open-Collector | Open-Collector |
| Supply Voltage Range | 2 V to 36 V | 2 V to 36 V | 2 V to 36 V | 2 V to 36 V | 2 V to 36 V | 2 V to 36 V |
| Operating Temperature | 0 C to +70 C | -40 C to +85 C (automotive) | 0 C to +70 C | -25 C to +85 C (industrial) | 0 C to +70 C | 0 C to +70 C |
| Input Offset Voltage (max) | 5 mV | 5 mV | 5 mV | 5 mV | 5 mV | 5 mV |
| RoHS Status | Non-RoHS (legacy LM393N) | Non-RoHS (LM2903); RoHS on -NOPB suffix | RoHS-compliant | Non-RoHS (legacy) | RoHS-compliant | RoHS-compliant |
주요 차별점
- Wide supply range 2V-36V with ground-sensing input (vs LM393LV (CMOS upgrade))
- Through-hole DIP-8 for hand prototyping and legacy designs (vs LM393D (SOIC-8 surface-mount version))
- Multi-sourced commodity with cross-brand drop-in equivalents (vs Specialized precision comparator (e.g., LT1010))
설계 노트
Estimated: in DIP-8 through-hole layouts, place the pull-up resistor (typically 4.7 kohm to VCC) as physically close to pin 1 and pin 7 (the open-collector outputs) as possible to minimize trace-induced ringing. Keep comparator input traces short and away from switching-converter or relay-driving traces. The 8-PDIP package pairs naturally with through-hole 100 nF bypass capacitor from VCC (pin 8) directly to GND (pin 4); a short trace on this bypass is critical because the LM393N can sink up to 16 mA and pull 100 mA peak through VCC during output transitions.
Estimated: three classic LM393N design pitfalls. (1) Forgetting the pull-up resistor - the output will float high-impedance and the downstream circuit will see undefined logic. (2) Driving the input above VCC or below ground - the absolute-maximum differential input voltage is 36 V and exceeding this destroys the input stage; clamp with external diodes if the source may exceed the rails. (3) Exceeding 16 mA output sink current at 100% duty cycle will overheat the output transistor; if driving a relay or LED directly, check worst-case continuous sink current rather than average.
Estimated: the LM393N has a typical propagation delay of 1.3 us with 5 mV overdrive, but slower edges (<2 us) are realistic with small overdrive (<5 mV). For high-precision zero-crossing detection use a 5 mV to 50 mV input overdrive to ensure clean sub-microsecond transitions. If your timing budget is tighter than 500 ns, consider the TLV3201 (40 ns) or LMV331 (200 ns) as faster drop-in alternatives. For oscillation circuits, account for the propagation delay in your frequency calculation or the oscillation will run 5-10% slow at higher frequencies.
규정 준수 정보
Legacy LM393N is non-RoHS (contains lead). The LM393N/NOPB suffix variant is RoHS-compliant and lead-free. Choose NOPB suffix for new designs. AEC-Q100 not qualified - use LM2903N for automotive. Reach compliance confirmed per TI product information.
