PIC18F2510-I/ML - 8-bit 40MHz 32KB Flash MCU 28-QFN | Microchip
MPN: PIC18F2510-I/ML ✓ Active| Qty | Unit Price | Extended |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | $5.21 | $5.21 |
| 10 | $4.72 | $47.20 |
| 100 | $4.1 | $410.00 |
| 500 | $3.65 | $1,825.00 |
| 1,000 | $3.18 | $3,180.00 |
PIC18F2510-I/ML Overview
A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer that integrates a CPU, memory, and programmable peripherals. The PIC18 family is a high-performance 8-bit RISC architecture with a C-compiler-friendly instruction set, hardware single-cycle 8x8 multiply, and an internal oscillator block ranging from 31 kHz to 8 MHz. Within the broader semiconductor taxonomy, microcontrollers sit inside the embedded processing hierarchy: microcontroller -> embedded processor -> semiconductor IC.
Key features include a 10-bit ADC with up to 10 input channels, nanoWatt Technology power management with Idle currents down to 5.8 uA typical and Sleep currents down to 0.1 uA typical, a Fail-Safe Clock Monitor that allows safe shutdown if the clock fails, a hardware Watchdog Timer with a separate RC oscillator, and enhanced Flash program memory that supports 100,000 erase/write cycles minimum. The device also integrates a 10-bit ADC, multiple timers, and EUSART/I2C/SPI serial interfaces.
The PIC18F2510-I/ML is built on Microchip's enhanced Harvard architecture with separate program and data buses, enabling single-cycle instruction fetch even when accessing data memory. Its nanoWatt Technology provides dynamic switching between Run, Idle, and Sleep modes, allowing designers to optimize energy consumption against computational throughput in battery-powered applications. The 28-QFN package with exposed pad gives a low thermal path for embedded applications where board space is at a premium.
Typical applications include industrial control, sensor interfacing, low-power remote sensing, motor control loops, USB-class device firmware, and general-purpose embedded control in home appliances and instrumentation. The wide 2.0V to 5.5V range makes it suitable for both 3.3V and 5V rails, while the Fail-Safe Clock Monitor provides reliability in safety-oriented systems.
When designing with this part, ensure proper decoupling with at least 100 nF ceramic capacitors near VDD pins, keep the MCLR reset line noise-free with the recommended 10 kohm pull-up, and configure the internal oscillator block carefully if maximum 40 MHz FOSC is desired via PLL. Use ICD/MPLAB debug tool connections only on dedicated ICSP pins to avoid contention with the user I/O.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in pin-compatible alternatives, practical design notes, and parametric comparisons across the PIC18 family and Microchip PIC16 replacement candidates - information not available from any single source.
Drop-in alternatives for PIC18F2510-I/ML — same package, pin-to-pin compatible. Different-package parts requiring PCB rework are excluded.
Variants in this series
Same-series models that are drop-in compatible with PIC18F2510-I/ML (same form factor and footprint) — differing in Package, ADC, Operating Temperature, Watchdog Timer, Internal Oscillator.
Quick Comparison Tool — Select alternative parts for side-by-side comparison:
PIC18F2515-I/ML
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Specs Unverified📋 Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PIC18F24K22-I/ML
✅ Drop-In📋 Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PIC18F23K22-I/ML
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Specs Unverified📋 Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PIC18F2510-E/ML
✅ Drop-In✓ In Stock
$4.42 / Unit
View Datasheet →PIC18F2510T-I/ML
✅ Drop-In✓ In Stock
$2.1 / Unit
View Datasheet →PIC18F26K22-I/ML
✅ Drop-In📋 Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PIC18F2510-I/ML Maximum Ratings & Electrical Characteristics
| Core Architecture | PIC18 8-bit RISC (Harvard) |
| Program Memory | 32 KB Flash (16K x 16) |
| Data RAM | 1536 bytes |
| EEPROM | 256 bytes |
| Maximum CPU Speed | 40 MHz (10 MIPS) |
| Operating Voltage Range | 2.0 V to 5.5 V |
| I/O Pins | 25 |
| ADC | 10-bit, up to 10 channels |
| Internal Oscillator | 31 kHz to 8 MHz |
| Idle Current (typical) | 5.8 uA |
| Sleep Current (typical) | 0.1 uA |
| Hardware Multiplier | 8x8 single-cycle |
| Package | 28-QFN (6x6 mm) with EP |
| Operating Temperature | -40C to +85C (Industrial, -I) |
| Watchdog Timer | Yes, with separate RC oscillator |
| Fail-Safe Clock Monitor | Yes |
| Mounting Type | Surface Mount |
| RoHS Status | Compliant |
PIC18F2510-I/ML Pin Configuration
| Pin 1 | MCLR/RE3 — Master Clear reset input (low-active) / digital input only on RE3 |
| Pin 2 | RA0/AN0 — Digital I/O RA0 or analog input AN0 |
| Pin 3 | RA1/AN1 — Digital I/O RA1 or analog input AN1 |
| Pin 4 | RA2/AN2/VREF- — Digital I/O RA2 or analog input AN2 or ADC VREF- |
| Pin 5 | RA3/AN3/VREF+ — Digital I/O RA3 or analog input AN3 or ADC VREF+ |
| Pin 6 | RA4/T0CKI — Digital I/O RA4 or Timer0 clock input (open-drain) |
| Pin 7 | RA5/AN4/SS — Digital I/O RA5, analog input AN4, or SPI slave select |
| Pin 8 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Pin 9 | RA7/OSC1 — Digital I/O RA7 or external oscillator crystal input |
| Pin 10 | RA6/OSC2 — Digital I/O RA6 or external oscillator crystal output |
| Pin 11 | RC0/T1CKI — Digital I/O RC0 or Timer1 clock input |
| Pin 12 | RC1/CCP2 — Digital I/O RC1 or Capture/Compare/PWM channel 2 |
| Pin 13 | RC2/CCP1 — Digital I/O RC2 or Capture/Compare/PWM channel 1 |
| Pin 14 | RC3/SCK/SCL — Digital I/O RC3, SPI clock, or I2C clock |
| Pin 15 | RD0 — Digital I/O RD0 |
| Pin 16 | RD1 — Digital I/O RD1 |
| Pin 17 | RD2 — Digital I/O RD2 |
| Pin 18 | RD3 — Digital I/O RD3 |
| Pin 19 | RC4/SDI/SDA — Digital I/O RC4, SPI data in, or I2C data |
| Pin 20 | RC5/SDO — Digital I/O RC5 or SPI data out |
| Pin 21 | RC6/TX/CK — Digital I/O RC6, EUSART TX, or SPI clock |
| Pin 22 | RC7/RX/DT — Digital I/O RC7, EUSART RX, or SPI data |
| Pin 23 | RB0/INT0 — Digital I/O RB0 or external interrupt 0 |
| Pin 24 | RB1/INT1 — Digital I/O RB1 or external interrupt 1 |
| Pin 25 | RB2/INT2 — Digital I/O RB2 or external interrupt 2 |
| Pin 26 | RB3/INT3/CCP2 — Digital I/O RB3, external interrupt 3, or CCP2 |
| Pin 27 | RB4 — Digital I/O RB4 with interrupt-on-change |
| Pin 28 | RB5 — Digital I/O RB5 with interrupt-on-change |
| Pin EP | Exposed Pad (VSS) — Thermal pad connected to VSS (ground) |
Typical Applications
PIC18F2510-I/ML is suitable for 6 applications: Industrial Sensor Interface & Control, Low-Power Battery-Operated Wireless Sensor Nodes, Home Appliance Control Boards, Automotive Body Electronics (Non-Safety), Test & Measurement Instrument Front-Panels, USB-Class HID Device Firmware.
Industrial Sensor Interface & Control
The PIC18F2510-I/ML's 10-bit ADC with up to 10 input channels and 2.0V to 5.5V wide operating voltage make it well-suited for industrial sensor signal conditioning and PID control loops. With up to 25 I/O pins the MCU can directly drive sensor power switching, opto-isolators, and 4-20 mA loop drivers without external bus expanders. The Fail-Safe Clock Monitor allows safe shutdown if the external crystal oscillator fails - critical in unattended remote stations - and nanoWatt Sleep currents down to 0.1 uA extend battery life in 4-20 mA loop-powered sensors. Place the part on a 28-QFN island with adequate thermal copper around the exposed pad and use the watchdog timer to recover from control-loop faults. Selection advantage vs alternatives: PIC18F2510-I/ML offers 32 KB of program memory, large enough for full Modbus RTU firmware plus custom calibration routines, while the smaller PIC18F24K22-I/ML (8 KB) cannot host full Modbus without resorting to compact code.
Recommended
Low-Power Battery-Operated Wireless Sensor Nodes
The PIC18F2510-I/ML delivers nanoWatt technology typical Idle currents of 5.8 uA and Sleep currents of 0.1 uA, enabling multi-year operation on a single CR2032 or AA cell. Its internal oscillator from 31 kHz to 8 MHz avoids external crystal current drain and the watchdog timer wake-up mechanism achieves <100 us wake time. Pair the MCU with a sub-GHz transmitter such as PIC18LF24K50 + RF module or a discrete SPI-driven radio. Compared to PIC18F24K22-I/ML which has even deeper Sleep currents, PIC18F2510-I/ML offers more code space for sensor-stack firmware such as ZigBee or LoRaWAN MAC layers. Use a 100 nF ceramic cap on VDD, an external 47 kohm MCLR pull-up, and switch peripheral power rails via MOSFETs from an I/O pin to maximize sleep current savings.
Recommended
Home Appliance Control Boards
The PIC18F2510-I/ML's wide 2.0V to 5.5V supply range and 25 I/O pins fit washing-machine, dishwasher, microwave, and HVAC control boards where direct drive of relays, triacs, and 7-segment displays is needed. Its 10-bit ADC reads thermistor or pressure-sensor signals and its PWM channels drive BLDC or universal motor control with hardware fail-safe monitoring. The C-compiler-optimized RISC architecture allows firmware updates in factory via ICSP without removing the part, simplifying end-of-line programming. Compared to PIC18F2515-I/ML which has 48 KB Flash better for LCD menus, PIC18F2510-I/ML is more cost-effective for simpler interface panels. Add a UL 60950-1 recognized supply, optocoupler isolation on mains-coupled I/O, and a TI TVS diode for transient suppression to meet IEC 60335-1 house-hold appliance safety.
Recommended
Automotive Body Electronics (Non-Safety)
The PIC18F2510-I/ML's industrial temperature grade handles -40C to +85C across the cabin, while its upgraded sibling PIC18F2510-E/ML handles extended +125C grade for under-hood positions. The 25 I/O pins drive relay coils for window, mirror, seat, and lighting controls; the CAN/EUSART interface can be added via SPI-driven MCP2515 for non-safety networks. Compared to PIC18F46K22 family parts which have automotive AEC-Q100 qualification, PIC18F2510-I/ML is better suited for non-regulated body controllers. Use a 3.3V LDO from the 12 V automotive bus and a TVS diode for load-dump protection to ISO 7637 transient immunity, plus isolation barriers on any signal crossing into safety-critical networks.
Recommended
Test & Measurement Instrument Front-Panels
The PIC18F2510-I/ML's 10-bit ADC with multiple channels digitizes sensor front-ends, while its 25 I/O pins key-scan a 4x4 matrix keypad and multiplex a 7-segment display on bench instruments like multimeters, counters, and oscilloscopes. Its Fail-Safe Clock Monitor ensures the front-panel CPU keeps running even if the analog signal chain locks up. The 32 KB Flash is large enough for keypad-debounce, display scroll, and RS-232 echo handlers. Compared to PIC18F24K22-I/ML which lacks the bigger RAM, PIC18F2510-I/ML's 1536 bytes RAM suits display buffers and command-line editors. Include ESD protection on the keypad lines via SMBJ TVS arrays to survive IEC 61000-4-2 contact discharge.
Recommended
USB-Class HID Device Firmware
While the PIC18F2510-I/ML does not have a built-in USB peripheral, its 32 KB Flash and 1536 bytes RAM are sufficient to host bit-banged or VUSB-style USB-class HID stacks such as keyboards, mice, custom joysticks, and HID-CDC bridges when paired with the Microchip MCP2200 or a discrete USB transceiver. The small 28-QFN package makes it ideal for inline dongle form factors where physical size matters. Compared to PIC18F24K50-I/ML which has native USB 2.0 FS hardware, PIC18F2510-I/ML is a budget option when 12 Mbps bit-banging is acceptable. Keep the firmware USB line traces no longer than 50 mm with 90 ohm impedance, and add common-mode chokes to suppress EMI on D+/D- lines meeting USB IF compliance.
Recommended
Recommended Products Summary
Engineering reference data for PIC18F2510-I/ML — comparison, design guidance, and compliance information.
Selection Guide
Comparison with Alternatives
| Parameter | This Product | PIC18F2515-I/ML | PIC18F24K22-I/ML | PIC18F26K22-I/ML |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | 28-QFN (6x6) with EP | 28-QFN (6x6) with EP - same | 28-QFN (6x6) with EP - same | 28-QFN (6x6) with EP - same |
| Program Memory | 32 KB Flash | 48 KB Flash | 8 KB Flash | 64 KB Flash |
| RAM | 1536 bytes | 3840 bytes | 512 bytes | 3896 bytes |
| EEPROM | 256 bytes | 256 bytes | 256 bytes | 1024 bytes |
| Max CPU Speed | 40 MHz (10 MIPS) | 40 MHz (10 MIPS) | 64 MHz (16 MIPS) | 64 MHz (16 MIPS) |
| Operating Voltage | 2.0V to 5.5V | 2.0V to 5.5V | 1.8V to 5.5V | 1.8V to 5.5V |
| ADC | 10-bit, 10 channels | 10-bit, 10 channels | 12-bit, 10 channels | 12-bit, 10 channels |
| I/O Pins | 25 | 25 | 25 | 25 |
| Typical Price (100 qty) | $4.10 USD | ~$4.40 USD | ~$3.20 USD | ~$4.80 USD |
Key Differentiators
- 32 KB Flash vs 8 KB in K22-XLP family at comparable price tier (vs PIC18F24K22-I/ML)
- Mid-density 1536 byte RAM balances display buffering vs cost (vs PIC18F2515-I/ML)
- Full 25 I/O access in 28-QFN small outline (vs PIC18F2450-I/ML)
- PIC18F26K22 upgrade path with 64 KB Flash in same package (vs PIC18F26K22-I/ML)
Design Notes
Estimated: at FOSC = 40 MHz, VDD = 5.0 V, active-mode current consumption is approximately 11 mA (~0.55 mA per MHz). For Sleep-mode sleep current down to 0.1 uA typical, switch all unused peripherals to OFF and configure unused I/O pins as digital outputs driving low. If battery life matters, prefer PIC18F24K22-I/ML which has nanoWatt XLP Sleep down to 5 nA; PIC18F2510-I/ML is for full-power active-mode duty cycles. A 100 nF ceramic decoupling cap within 5 mm of each VDD/VDDCORE pair is mandatory, with a 10 uF bulk cap on the board input rail.
The 28-QFN (6x6) package has an exposed thermal pad at the bottom (pin EP) that MUST be soldered to a copper pad matching the manufacturer's land pattern (0.65 mm ball pitch, 2.5 x 2.5 mm thermal pad minimum). Use a thermal via array of 6 to 9 vias at 0.3 mm diameter on 0.6 mm grid under the EP to provide a 30C/W improvement in theta_JA. Failure to solder the EP will result in the part exceeding datasheet junction-temperature ratings at moderate active-mode currents.
Do NOT use the full 40 MHz FOSC below 4.2 V VDD - the device will fail to read flash memory reliably. Consult the frequency-vs-voltage derating chart in the datasheet. Use the internal oscillator block (HFINTOSC default 4 MHz post-divider) for brown-out recovery, and configure the BOR (Brown-Out Reset) threshold to 2.0V nominal minimum. If the firmware sets WRTC bit unintentionally, configuration words may be erased - configure CKPOL and IESO bits before any PLL activation.
For high-speed peripherals (SPI at >1 MHz, EUSART at >115200 baud) keep traces <50 mm and use 50 ohm microstrip if long, with a 22 ohm series damping resistor at the drive pin. Avoid assigning SPI or EUSART on adjacent I/O pins being toggled simultaneously to reduce crosstalk - the PIC18 internal bus can deliver 10 MIPS instructions which can introduce ground bounce if many pins switch in one cycle, especially on the SOIC variants where lead inductance is higher.
Place the MCLR pull-up (typically 47 kohm) within 10 mm of pin 1 with no nearby inductive signal lines. The ICSP clock and data lines (PGx/RGx, mapped to RB6/RB7 on most PIC18) should be brought out to a 6-pin 0.1 in header to support MPLAB ICD 3 / PICkit 4 programming and debugging without disturbing production firmware. Add a 100 ohm resistor in series on PGx to permit stub-debugging without contention.
Compliance Information
RoHS compliant per Microchip product page; industrial temperature grade -I only (-40C to +85C) - the -E variant PIC18F2510-E/ML extends to +125C but is not AEC-Q100 automotive qualified.
