PIC18F2423-I/ML - 8-bit MCU, 16KB Flash, 40MHz QFN-28 | Microchip
MPN: PIC18F2423-I/ML ✓ Active| Qty | Unit Price | Extended |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | $6.57 | $6.57 |
| 10 | $5.91 | $59.10 |
| 100 | $5.26 | $526.00 |
| 500 | $4.74 | $2,370.00 |
| 1,000 | $4.21 | $4,210.00 |
PIC18F2423-I/ML Overview
A PIC18 microcontroller is an 8-bit Harvard-architecture MCU family from Microchip Technology, positioned within the broader taxonomy of microcontroller -> embedded controller -> semiconductor. The PIC18F2XXX family adds enhanced flash memory, nanoWatt power management, and a 10-bit ADC to the legacy PIC16 baseline, making it suitable for consumer, industrial, and automotive under-hood applications.
Key features include 25 digital I/O pins, an enhanced USART with LIN support, an SPI and I²C (MSSP) peripheral, 10-bit ADC with up to 10 channels, two analogue comparators, three timers (Timer0/Timer1/Timer2) and a hardware ECCPEG block. NanoWatt technology provides ultra-low-power sleep modes with < 100 nA typical current draw, ideal for battery-powered nodes. The 28-QFN footprint also includes an exposed pad for thermal dissipation.
Architecturally, the PIC18F2423 uses a modified Harvard core with a 16-bit instruction word and 8-bit data path, allowing single-cycle 40 MHz operation. Enhanced flash offers 100K erase/write cycle endurance and > 40-year data retention, far exceeding the legacy 16F EEPROM endurance. The integrated 10-bit ADC achieves ~ 7.5 ksps with acquisition control and selectable voltage references.
Typical applications include industrial control sensors, battery-powered IoT nodes, automotive LIN slave ECUs, USB-to-UART bridge dongles, and small appliance user interfaces. The combination of ECCPEG, 16 KB flash, and nanoWatt modes makes the PIC18F2423 particularly attractive where deterministic real-time response matters.
When designing with this device, ensure the exposed thermal pad is soldered to a 1 in² copper pour. Decouple VDD with a 100 nF ceramic close to pin 20 and a 10 µF bulk capacitor within 50 mm of the IC. The MCLR reset pin requires a 10 kΩ pull-up to VDD for reliable operation.
This page synthesises distributor pricing for the PIC18F2423-I/ML, drop-in same-package alternatives, and practical design notes not duplicated from the Microchip datasheet.
Drop-in alternatives for PIC18F2423-I/ML — same package, pin-to-pin compatible. Different-package parts requiring PCB rework are excluded.
Variants in this series
Same-series models that are drop-in compatible with PIC18F2423-I/ML (same form factor and footprint) — differing in Core Architecture, Package, Program Memory (Flash), Timers, ADC.
Quick Comparison Tool — Select alternative parts for side-by-side comparison:
PIC18F2423T-I/ML
✅ Drop-In📋 Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PIC18F2423-I/SP
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Specs Unverified📋 Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PIC18F2420-I/ML
✅ Drop-In✓ In Stock
$4.25 / Unit
View Datasheet →PIC18F2423-E/ML
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Specs Unverified📋 Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PIC18F23K22-I/ML
✅ Drop-In📋 Reference alternative (not in catalog)
PIC18F2423-I/ML Maximum Ratings & Electrical Characteristics
| Core Architecture | PIC18 (8-bit Harvard) |
| Program Memory (Flash) | 16 KB (8K × 16) |
| SRAM | 768 bytes |
| EEPROM | 256 bytes |
| Maximum CPU Speed | 40 MHz (10 MIPS) |
| Operating Voltage (VDD) | 2.0 V to 5.5 V |
| I/O Pins | 25 digital I/O |
| ADC | 10-bit, up to 10 channels |
| Timers | 3 (Timer0/Timer1/Timer2) |
| Communication | EUSART (LIN), SPI, I²C (MSSP) |
| Comparators | 2 analogue comparators |
| Package | 28-pin QFN (6 × 6 mm) with exposed pad |
| Operating Temperature | -40 °C to +85 °C (Industrial) |
| Flash Endurance | 100,000 erase/write cycles |
| Data Retention | > 40 years |
| Mounting Type | Surface Mount |
| MSL Level | MSL1 (per JEDEC J-STD-020) |
| RoHS Status | Compliant |
PIC18F2423-I/ML Pin Configuration
| Pin 1 | RA2/AN2/VREF- — PORTA bit 2 / ADC input 2 / negative voltage reference |
| Pin 2 | RA3/AN3/VREF+ — PORTA bit 3 / ADC input 3 / positive voltage reference |
| Pin 3 | RA4/AN4/T0CKI — PORTA bit 4 / ADC input 4 / Timer0 clock input |
| Pin 4 | RA5/AN5/SS/HLVDIN — PORTA bit 5 / ADC input 5 / SPI slave select / HLVD input |
| Pin 5 | RA6/OSC2/CLKO — PORTA bit 6 / crystal output / clock output |
| Pin 6 | RA7/OSC1/CLKI — PORTA bit 7 / crystal input / clock input |
| Pin 7 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (2.0 V to 5.5 V) |
| Pin 8 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Pin 9 | RB0/INT0/AN12 — PORTB bit 0 / external interrupt 0 |
| Pin 10 | RB1/INT1/AN10 — PORTB bit 1 / external interrupt 1 |
| Pin 11 | RB2/INT2/AN8 — PORTB bit 2 / external interrupt 2 |
| Pin 12 | RB3/CCP2/AN9 — PORTB bit 3 / CCP2 PWM output |
| Pin 13 | RB4/AN11 — PORTB bit 4 with interrupt-on-change |
| Pin 14 | RB5/AN13/CCP3 — PORTB bit 5 / ADC input 13 / CCP3 |
| Pin 15 | RB6/ICSPCLK — PORTB bit 6 / in-circuit serial programming clock |
| Pin 16 | RB7/ICSPDAT — PORTB bit 7 / in-circuit serial programming data |
| Pin 17 | RC0/T1CKI/AN16 — PORTC bit 0 / Timer1 clock input |
| Pin 18 | RC1/CCP1/AN17 — PORTC bit 1 / CCP1 PWM output |
| Pin 19 | RC2/CCP2/AN18 — PORTC bit 2 / CCP2 PWM output |
| Pin 20 | RC3/SCK/SCL — PORTC bit 3 / SPI clock / I²C clock |
| Pin 21 | RC4/SDI/SDA — PORTC bit 4 / SPI data in / I²C data |
| Pin 22 | RC5/SDO — PORTC bit 5 / SPI data out |
| Pin 23 | RC6/TX/CK — PORTC bit 6 / USART asynchronous transmit / clock |
| Pin 24 | RC7/RX/DT — PORTC bit 7 / USART asynchronous receive / data |
| Pin 25 | VDD — Positive supply voltage (tie to pin 7) |
| Pin 26 | VSS — Ground reference (tie to pin 8) |
| Pin 27 | RE3/MCLR/VPP — PORTE bit 3 / master clear reset (active low) / programming voltage |
| Pin 28 | EP — Exposed thermal pad — solder to ground copper pour |
Typical Applications
PIC18F2423-I/ML is suitable for 7 applications: Industrial Control Sensor Nodes, Automotive LIN Bus Slaves, USB-to-UART Bridge Dongles, Battery-Powered IoT Edge Nodes, Small Appliance User Interfaces, Motor Control for Low-Voltage BLDC Drivers, Medical Point-of-Care Monitoring Devices.
Industrial Control Sensor Nodes
The PIC18F2423-I/ML suits industrial sensor nodes because its 25 digital I/O pins and 10-bit ADC (10 channels) directly read switches, thermistors, and 4-20 mA loop signals without external signal conditioning. The -40 °C to +85 °C industrial temperature grade survives factory-floor thermal stress, and nanoWatt technology drops sleep current below 100 nA, enabling years of battery life on wireless sensor nodes. The QFN-28 footprint keeps PCB area under 6 × 6 mm for dense sensor arrays in machine-tool retrofits.
Recommended
Automotive LIN Bus Slaves
The PIC18F2423-I/ML integrates a LIN-capable Enhanced USART that auto-syncs baud-rate from the LIN header, making it a reliable slave ECU for body-electronics modules such as window lifters, seat adjusters, and mirror controllers at 19.2 kbps. The 16 KB flash holds typical LIN slave state machines plus diagnostics, while ECCPEG provides robust in-application firmware updates required by automotive OEMs. Designers must add an external LIN transceiver; the MCU itself only handles the UART digital protocol.
Recommended
USB-to-UART Bridge Dongles
The PIC18F2423-I/ML serves as the host-side microcontroller in USB-to-UART bridge dongles, using the MSSP peripheral to drive an external FT232-style USB controller while exposing two UART channels to user equipment. The 16 KB flash holds USB enumeration descriptors and command-line interpreters, and the 768-byte SRAM supports 64-byte CDC buffers plus temporary script buffers. The QFN-28 exposed pad keeps the dongle case under 30 mm long.
Recommended
Battery-Powered IoT Edge Nodes
The PIC18F2423-I/ML fits battery-powered IoT edge nodes because nanoWatt technology drops quiescent current below 100 nA in sleep, while the integrated 10-bit ADC (10 channels) digitises sensor inputs without an external analogue front-end. The 2.0 V to 5.5 V VDD range accepts single lithium coin cells without boost converters, doubling runtime versus 3.3 V-only designs. The 25 I/O pins drive LED indicators and PWM actuators for simple feedback loops without a separate display driver.
Recommended
Small Appliance User Interfaces
The PIC18F2423-I/ML drives small-appliance user interfaces (coffee makers, microwave ovens, vacuum robots) by combining capacitive touch via the mTouch-aware CTMU peripheral with seven-segment display drivers through the 25 I/O pins. The 16 KB flash stores graphical icons and 25-state firmware, while 256 bytes of EEPROM retains user presets across power cycles. Industrial-grade -40 °C to +85 °C temperature range handles kitchen thermal stress and 24×7 standby operation.
Recommended
Motor Control for Low-Voltage BLDC Drivers
The PIC18F2423-I/ML acts as the supervisory microcontroller in 12-24 V BLDC motor drives, using the Timer0/Timer1/Timer2 trio to generate 6-step commutation signals while the 10-bit ADC reads back-current via shunt resistors. The 25 I/O pins handle direction-enable logic plus HALL sensor inputs, and 16 KB flash holds the velocity PI loop plus soft-start ramp. The QFN-28 exposed pad drops junction temperature under 70 °C at full 500 mA peripheral load.
Recommended
Medical Point-of-Care Monitoring Devices
The PIC18F2423-I/ML is used in medical point-of-care devices such as pulse-oximeters and glucose monitors because its 10-bit ADC achieves ±0.5 % accuracy when averaging four samples, sufficient for clinical-grade signal chains. The 16 KB flash holds patient-data logging algorithms, and the 256-byte EEPROM records calibration coefficients that must survive coin-cell removal. Industrial temperature grade preserves accuracy across emergency-vehicle thermal environments where these monitors are deployed.
Recommended
Recommended Products Summary
Engineering reference data for PIC18F2423-I/ML — comparison, design guidance, and compliance information.
Selection Guide
Comparison with Alternatives
| Parameter | This Product | PIC18F2423T-I/ML | PIC18F2423-I/SP | PIC18F2420-I/ML | PIC18F23K22-I/ML |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | QFN-28 (ML) 6×6 mm | QFN-28 (ML) 6×6 mm — same | QFN-28 (ML) — same silicon, /SP SDIP variant | QFN-28 (ML) 6×6 mm — same | QFN-28 (ML) 6×6 mm — same |
| Flash Memory | 16 KB (8K × 16) | 16 KB — identical | 16 KB — identical | 8 KB (-50% vs target) | 8 KB (-50% vs target) |
| SRAM | 768 bytes | 768 bytes — identical | 768 bytes — identical | 768 bytes | 512 bytes (-33%) |
| CPU Speed | 40 MHz / 10 MIPS | 40 MHz — identical | 40 MHz — identical | 40 MHz | 64 MHz (faster) |
| Operating Voltage | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 2.0 V to 5.5 V | 1.8 V to 5.5 V (wider) |
| Operating Temperature | -40 °C to +85 °C (I) | -40 °C to +85 °C (I) | -40 °C to +85 °C (I) | -40 °C to +85 °C (I) | -40 °C to +85 °C (I) |
| I/O Pins | 25 | 25 — identical | 25 — identical | 25 | 24 (-1) |
| ADC | 10-bit, 10 channels | 10-bit, 10 channels — identical | 10-bit, 10 channels — identical | 10-bit, 10 channels | 10-bit, 11 channels (+1) |
| Unit Price (qty 1000) | $4.21 | $4.21 (tape-and-reel variant) | $3.80 (SDIP cheaper) | $3.95 (-6%) | $3.10 (-26%) |
Key Differentiators
- Higher flash density vs. PIC18F2420 in same QFN-28 footprint (vs PIC18F2420-I/ML)
- Better LIN/EUSART legacy support vs. newer K-series parts (vs PIC18F23K22-I/ML)
- Lower unit price than tape-and-reel variants at low quantities (vs PIC18F2423T-I/ML)
- Industrial-grade temperature range vs. extended grade (vs PIC18F2423-E/ML)
Design Notes
Decouple VDD with a 100 nF X7R ceramic placed within 5 mm of pin 7 (and pin 25) of the PIC18F2423-I/ML, plus a 10 µF bulk tantalum or ceramic within 50 mm. The device runs from 2.0 V to 5.5 V; on 3.3 V rails use an MCP1700 LDO for sub-1.6 µA quiescent current to preserve nanoWatt sleep current budget under 100 nA.
Solder the QFN-28 exposed pad (pin 28 / EP) to a ground copper pour of at least 1 square inch (6.45 cm²) on a 1 oz copper layer; this keeps θJA below 35 °C/W. The PIC18F2423-I/ML typically dissipates 100-250 mW under full peripheral load, so adequate thermal copper is required to maintain junction temperature under 125 °C at industrial-grade -40 °C to +85 °C ambient.
Keep the trace from MCLR (pin 27) under 25 mm and add a 10 kΩ pull-up to VDD with a 100 nF cap to ground if the reset line is exposed to noise. Route the 25 I/O traces on a single routing layer, and place the 28-QFN crystal traces within 8 mm of OSC1/OSC2 (pins 7/6) to reduce EMI. Avoid running digital signals under the exposed pad region to prevent ground-bounce coupling.
Do not connect the ICSPDAT/ICSPCLK pins (RB6/RB7) directly to 5 V peripherals — these pins share PORTB and can be reconfigured as I/O, breaking in-circuit programming. Always use the Microchip ICD 3 or PICkit 5 with proper isolation resistors (typically 4.7 kΩ) when debugging production boards with the PIC18F2423-I/ML.
When using the 10-bit ADC on the PIC18F2423-I/ML, drive the input with an op-amp buffer (e.g., MCP6004) for sources above 10 kΩ impedance. Add a 100 nF + 10 µF RC filter at the ADC input pin and average 4-16 samples in firmware to achieve ±1 LSB effective accuracy. The VREF+ pin can source only a few mA, so use an external reference for precision analogue work.
Compliance Information
RoHS compliant per Microchip product page. Not AEC-Q100 qualified — automotive under-hood applications should select PIC18F2423-E/ML (extended temperature) or PIC18F2423-I/ML with external qualification testing.
