PIC16F872-I/SP - 20MHz 8-Bit Flash MCU | Microchip
N.º da peça: PIC16F872-I/SP ✓ AtivoPIC16F872-I/SP Visão geral
A microcontroller is a programmable semiconductor that integrates a processor core, program memory, data memory, and peripherals on one device. The PIC16F872 belongs to the PIC16 family of 8-bit RISC microcontrollers, combining a compact instruction set with flash program memory, EEPROM data storage, analog measurement, timers, serial communication, and PWM generation. This integration allows a design to replace many discrete logic, timing, interface, and analog-conversion components.
Key features include 2,048 words of 14-bit flash program memory, 128 bytes of data RAM, 64 bytes of EEPROM, five 10-bit analog-to-digital conversion channels, and 22 I/O pins. Two additional timers support independent timing or event-counting duties, while capture, compare, and PWM functions generate precise digital timing signals. The synchronous serial port can operate as a three-wire SPI interface or a two-wire I²C interface.
The PIC16F872 architecture uses 35 single-word instructions and supports 200 ns instruction execution. Its 13-bit program counter addresses an 8K-word program-memory space, while the implemented device uses 2K words of flash. Self-programming is supported, and the integrated ICD interface provides a dedicated connection for in-circuit programming and debugging. These resources make the device suitable for compact control systems requiring analog inputs, persistent configuration data, and serial peripherals without an external data converter.
Typical applications include industrial control panels, environmental monitoring equipment, motor-speed controllers, keypad interfaces, LED and lighting controllers, small inverters, instrumentation front ends, and compact consumer appliances. Five ADC channels allow direct sensing of potentiometers, thermistors, and other analog transducers, while EEPROM retains calibration values and operating parameters across power cycles.
When designing around the PIC16F872-I/SP, account for the 28-pin through-hole footprint, assign the oscillator and programming pins according to the manufacturer pinout, and provide suitable decoupling near VDD. The device's operating voltage, current limits, and detailed electrical characteristics should be taken directly from the Microchip data sheet before finalizing the power supply and PCB implementation.
This page consolidates the device architecture, memory configuration, peripheral capabilities, package details, programming guidance, drop-in replacement considerations, and practical application guidance to support faster component selection and implementation planning.
Alternativas drop-in para PIC16F872-I/SP — mesmo encapsulamento, compatível pino a pino. Peças de encapsulamento diferente que exigem retrabalho na PCB são excluídas.
Variantes desta série
Modelos da mesma série compatíveis como drop-in com PIC16F872-I/SP (mesmo formato e footprint) — diferindo em Package, Timers, I/O Pins, ADC, CCP Modules.
PIC16F873-I/SP
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Especificações não verificadas📋 Alternativa de referência (fora do catálogo)
PIC16F873A-I/SP
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Especificações não verificadas📋 Alternativa de referência (fora do catálogo)
PIC16F876-I/SP
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Especificações não verificadas📋 Alternativa de referência (fora do catálogo)
PIC16F876A-I/SP
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Especificações não verificadas📋 Alternativa de referência (fora do catálogo)
PIC16F716-I/SP
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Especificações não verificadas📋 Alternativa de referência (fora do catálogo)
PIC16F872-I/SP Classificações máximas e características elétricas
| Processor Type | 8-bit RISC microcontroller |
| Frequência máxima de clock | 20 MHz |
| Program Memory | 3.5 KB flash (2,048 words x 14 bits) |
| Addressable Program Space | 8K words x 14 bits |
| Program Counter Width | 13 bits |
| Data RAM | 128 bytes |
| EEPROM | 64 bytes |
| ADC Resolution | 10 bits |
| ADC Channels | 5 channels |
| I/O Pins | 22 pins |
| Instruction Set | 35 single-word instructions |
| Instruction Execution Time | 200 ns |
| Timers | 2 additional timers |
| Serial Interfaces | 3-wire SPI or 2-wire I2C |
| PWM and Capture/Compare | Capture/compare/PWM functions |
| Programming Interface | In-Circuit Debugger (ICD) with self-programming |
| Encapsulamento | 28-pin SPDIP |
| Process Technology | CMOS |
Configuração de pinos do PIC16F872-I/SP
| Pino 1 | MCLR/VPP — Program/verify mode and master clear input |
| Pino 2 | RA0/AN0 — Port RA input/output or analog input AN0 |
| Pino 3 | RA1/AN1 — Port RA input/output or analog input AN1 |
| Pino 4 | RA2/AN2/VREF- — Port RA input/output, analog input AN2, or negative reference |
| Pino 5 | RA3/AN3/VREF+ — Port RA input/output, analog input AN3, or positive reference |
| Pino 6 | RA4/T0CKI — Port RA input/output or Timer0 clock input |
| Pino 7 | RA5/AN4/SS/C2OUT — Port RA input/output, analog input AN4, SPI slave select, or Comparator 2 output |
| Pino 8 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Pino 9 | RA7/OSC1/CLKIN — Port RA input/output, oscillator input, or external clock input |
| Pino 10 | RA6/OSC2/CLKOUT — Port RA input/output, oscillator output, or external clock output |
| Pino 11 | RC0/T1OSO — Port RC input/output or Timer1 oscillator output |
| Pino 12 | RC1/T1OSI/CCP2 — Port RC input/output, Timer1 oscillator input, or CCP2 output |
| Pino 13 | RC2/CCP1 — Port RC input/output or CCP1 output |
| Pino 14 | RC3/SCK/SCL — Port RC input/output, SPI clock, or I2C clock |
| Pino 15 | RC4/SDI/SDA — Port RC input/output, SPI data input, or I2C data |
| Pino 16 | RC5/SDO — Port RC input/output or SPI data output |
| Pino 17 | RC6/TX/CX — Port RC input/output, asynchronous transmit, or comparator output |
| Pino 18 | RC7/RX/DT — Port RC input/output, asynchronous receive, or data transmit |
| Pino 19 | VSS — Ground reference |
| Pino 20 | VDD — Positive supply voltage |
| Pino 21 | RB0/INT — Port RB input/output or external interrupt input |
| Pino 22 | RB1 — Port RB input/output |
| Pino 23 | RB2 — Port RB input/output |
| Pino 24 | RB3/PGM/C12 — Port RB input/output, low-voltage programming mode, or Comparator 1 output |
| Pino 25 | RB4 — Port RB input/output |
| Pino 26 | RB5 — Port RB input/output |
| Pino 27 | RB6/PGC — Port RB input/output or programming clock |
| Pino 28 | RB7/PGD — Port RB input/output or programming data |
Aplicações típicas
PIC16F872-I/SP é adequado para 6 aplicaçãos: Industrial Control Panel, Environmental Monitoring, Small Motor Controller, LED Lighting Controller, Instrumentation Front End, Consumer Appliance Controller.
Industrial Control Panel
The PIC16F872-I/SP is well suited to a compact industrial control panel that combines switch inputs, status indicators, analog adjustment, and serial communication. Its 22 I/O pins can support digital controls and indicators, while the five 10-bit ADC channels can measure potentiometer positions or resistive sensors. The 2,048 words of flash are appropriate for a focused state-machine application, and the 64-byte EEPROM can retain configuration or calibration values. Use the timer and PWM functions for repeatable timing or actuator drive, and verify industrial temperature and supply requirements against the manufacturer ordering information before release.
Recomendado
Environmental Monitoring
The PIC16F872-I/SP can serve as the acquisition and control engine for an environmental monitor using its five 10-bit ADC channels. Analog inputs can accept conditioned signals from temperature, light, humidity, or air-quality sensors, while 22 I/O pins manage digital status indicators, alarm outputs, and configuration switches. Its 200 ns instruction execution supports responsive sampling and control, while EEPROM preserves calibration coefficients between power cycles. For low-power operation, use the device's timer resources and the sleep behavior described in the Microchip data sheet to reduce duty-cycle energy consumption.
Recomendado
Small Motor Controller
The PIC16F872-I/SP can implement a compact speed or position controller for small motors and actuators. Its timers provide the time base, capture/compare and PWM functions generate controlled output waveforms, and the five 10-bit ADC channels can accept a command input or feedback sensor. The 22 available I/O pins leave room for direction controls, fault inputs, and status signaling. Firmware can apply limits and acceleration profiles while the 64-byte EEPROM stores operating parameters. Validate stall current, switching transients, thermal margins, and driver-stage protection against the final motor and power-supply design.
Recomendado
LED Lighting Controller
The PIC16F872-I/SP can coordinate programmable LED lighting, status indicators, and simple display patterns through its 22 I/O pins. Capture/compare/PWM functions produce adjustable timing and brightness signals, while the timers support independent flashing, fade, and sequencing intervals. The five 10-bit ADC channels can capture a dimmer setting or ambient-light sensor, and EEPROM can retain scene or calibration data. This arrangement fits compact fixtures, signage controllers, and appliance interfaces where a low-cost control MCU is preferable to a larger processor.
Recomendado
Instrumentation Front End
The PIC16F872-I/SP is useful in a compact instrumentation front end that measures several analog quantities and presents them through a digital interface. The five-channel 10-bit ADC supports sensor conditioning and direct measurement, while the configurable serial port operates as SPI or I²C. Timers can trigger sampling, and EEPROM can hold calibration or configuration values. For laboratory or industrial instruments, the design should include suitable input protection, reference accuracy, grounding, and calibration. Confirm the analog and digital performance limits in the Microchip data sheet before selecting the ADC resolution for precision measurements.
Recomendado
Consumer Appliance Controller
The PIC16F872-I/SP can manage a compact appliance containing buttons, a small motor, indicator LEDs, and one or more analog controls. Its 22 I/O pins support user inputs and outputs, the five 10-bit ADC channels accept a level or temperature input, and the PWM functions drive lamps or low-power actuators. Self-programming and the integrated ICD interface simplify development and field updates, while EEPROM preserves selected programs or calibration settings. The device is appropriate when 2,048 words of flash and 128 bytes of RAM satisfy the control logic without requiring a larger MCU.
Recomendado
Resumo dos produtos recomendados
Dados de referência de engenharia para PIC16F872-I/SP — comparação, orientação de projeto e informações de conformidade.
Guia de seleção
Comparação com alternativas
| Parâmetro | Este produto | PIC16F873-I/SP | PIC16F873A-I/SP | PIC16F876-I/SP | PIC16F876A-I/SP | PIC16F716-I/SP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | 28-pin SPDIP | 28-pin SPDIP - same | 28-pin SPDIP - same | 28-pin SPDIP - same | 28-pin SPDIP - same | 28-pin SPDIP - same |
| Processor Type | 8-bit RISC | 8-bit RISC | 8-bit RISC | 8-bit RISC | 8-bit RISC | 8-bit RISC |
| Maximum Clock Frequency | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz |
| Program Memory | 2,048 words x 14 bits | 4,096 words x 14 bits | 4,096 words x 14 bits | 8,192 words x 14 bits | 8,192 words x 14 bits | 2,048 words x 14 bits |
| Data RAM | 128 bytes | 128 bytes | 128 bytes | 128 bytes | 128 bytes | 256 bytes |
| EEPROM | 64 bytes | 64 bytes | 128 bytes | 64 bytes | 128 bytes | 64 bytes |
| ADC | 5 channels, 10-bit | 5 channels, 10-bit | 5 channels, 10-bit | 5 channels, 10-bit | 5 channels, 10-bit | Different ADC channel configuration; verify data sheet |
| Serial Interfaces | SPI or I2C | SPI or I2C | SPI or I2C | SPI or I2C | SPI or I2C | SPI or I2C |
| Programming Interface | ICD with self-programming | ICD with self-programming | ICD with self-programming | ICD with self-programming | ICD with self-programming | ICD with self-programming |
Principais diferenciais
- Lower flash capacity enables simpler firmware organization (vs PIC16F873-I/SP)
- Same 28-pin package and 20 MHz operating class (vs PIC16F876-I/SP)
- Lower RAM requirement than the PIC16F716-I/SP (vs PIC16F716-I/SP)
- Compact EEPROM configuration storage (vs PIC16F873A-I/SP)
Notas de projeto
Follow the recommended decoupling network in the Microchip data sheet 30221c and place the VDD bypass capacitor close to pins 20 and 19. Check input current, output-current, and total port-current limits before driving loads directly from the 22 I/O pins. External LEDs, relays, and motors should use suitable driver transistors rather than assuming the microcontroller pins can absorb their startup or inductive current.
The 28-pin SPDIP footprint has a 0.1-inch pin pitch, but board layout must still follow the package drawing rather than relying only on the generic footprint name. Reserve access to the MCLR/VPP, PGC, and PGD pins for programming, maintain clearance around the oscillator pins, and route analog inputs away from switching nodes. Firmware must also assign unused inputs to a defined state.
Do not treat equal package dimensions as proof of drop-in firmware compatibility. When moving from PIC16F872-I/SP to PIC16F873-I/SP, PIC16F876-I/SP, or an A-series device, review interrupt vectors, register addresses, peripheral mappings, oscillator settings, and self-programming behavior. The larger-memory alternatives provide more flash and sometimes more EEPROM, but their changed peripheral organization can still require code updates.
For the synchronous serial interface, keep SPI or I2C traces short, use a continuous ground reference, and place pull-up resistors for I2C only where the bus specification requires them. The five 10-bit ADC inputs should have defined source impedances and suitable bypass or filtering at the analog pins. Use the manufacturer's recommended analog layout and grounding practice to prevent switching activity from corrupting measurements.
Informações de conformidade
The manufacturer product page and data sheet 30221c establish the device identity, architecture, and electrical features, but an explicit RoHS, REACH, lead-free, halogen-free, or conflict-minerals declaration was not identified.
