L6591TR - ZVS Half-Bridge PWM Controller | STMicroelectronics
MPN: L6591TR ✓ Hoạt độngL6591TR Tóm tắt
A half-bridge PWM controller (also called a resonant or ZVS half-bridge controller) is a power-management IC that drives two MOSFETs in a totem-pole arrangement across a transformer primary, switching at zero voltage across the drain-source of each FET to minimize switching losses. Within the broader power-electronics taxonomy, this places the device in: power management IC -> AC-DC converter -> resonant controller -> half-bridge ZVS controller. The soft-switching technique is widely used in switch-mode power supplies (SMPS) where efficiency and EMI performance are critical, including adapters, LCD-TV power, and telecom converters.
Key features include 500 kHz maximum switching frequency, programmable deadtime to avoid cross-conduction, adaptive Under-Voltage Lockout (UVLO) with line-sensing, pulse-by-pulse Over-Current Protection (OCP), latched or auto-restart Over-Load Protection (OLP), and advanced light-load management that disables one gate at low load to reduce circulation losses. The high-voltage start-up cell draws power directly from the bulk rail, eliminating an external auxiliary winding for start-up.
The L6591 employs a current-mode control architecture with a leading-edge blanking circuit on the current-sense input, providing clean cycle-by-cycle current limiting even with leading-edge spikes from the resonant tank. The integrated bootstrap driver for the high-side switch simplifies the gate-drive network and supports switching frequencies up to 500 kHz, well beyond conventional hard-switched half-bridge controllers.
Typical applications include resonant and quasi-resonant SMPS for LCD TVs, laptop adapters, game-console power supplies, telecom DC-DC converters, and industrial AC-DC adapters. Designers choose the L6591TR when ZVS operation is required for efficiency above 90% and reduced EMI versus hard-switched topologies.
A critical design consideration is the deadtime programming: too short causes shoot-through losses, too long increases body-diode conduction. The companion L6668 (multi-mode controller) and the L6599 (LLC resonant half-bridge with high-voltage start-up) are members of the same ST controller family; the L6591TR remains a cost-effective choice for ZVS half-bridge topologies below ~200 W.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone, including cross-brand pin-compatible equivalents and recommended companion power MOSFETs for resonant tank designs.
Bộ thay thế dễ dàng lắp đặt cho L6591TR — cùng gói, chân-to-chân tương thích. Các bộ phận yêu cầu hàn PCB bị loại trừ.
L6591
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
L6591D
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
L6591N
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Thông số chưa được xác minh📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
NCP1396AADR2G
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
NCP1336ADR2G
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
L6591TR Tỷ lệ tối đa & tính chất điện
| Cấu trúc | Half-Bridge (Soft-Switched ZVS) |
| Switching Frequency (max) | 500 kHz |
| Duty Cycle | D < 50% (complementary high/low-side drive) |
| Supply Voltage (operating) | 8.7 V to 22 V |
| High-Voltage Start-up | On-board (internal HV start-up cell) |
| Deadtime | Externally programmable |
| UVLO | Adaptive (with line sensing) |
| Over-Current Protection | Pulse-by-pulse OCP |
| Over-Load Protection | Latched or auto-restart (selectable) |
| Light-Load Management | Yes (advanced) |
| Output Current (Gate Drive) | 800 mA (min source/sink) |
| Khoảng nhiệt độ hoạt động | -40 C to +150 C (Tj) |
| Hộp | 16-SOIC (SO-16, 3.90 mm body width) |
| Kiểu lắp đặt | Surface Mount |
| Control Mode | Current Mode (double-ended) |
| Cấp MSL | 1 (unlimited) |
| Trạng thái RoHS | Compliant |
Cấu hình chân L6591TR
| Chân 1 | RT/CT — Oscillator timing R and C; sets switching frequency |
| Chân 2 | DT — Deadtime programming resistor |
| Chân 3 | CS — Current-sense input (with leading-edge blanking) |
| Chân 4 | COMP — Compensation network for current-mode loop |
| Chân 5 | EN/STOP — Enable / latch-off input |
| Chân 6 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 7 | LVG — Low-side gate-drive output |
| Chân 8 | VCC — Supply voltage (8.7 V to 22 V) |
| Chân 9 | OUT — Not used on this package variant (NC) - per datasheet |
| Chân 10 | BOOT — Bootstrap supply for high-side driver |
| Chân 11 | HV — High-voltage start-up input (up to 500 V) |
| Chân 12 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| Chân 13 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| Chân 14 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| Chân 15 | HVG — High-side gate-drive output |
| Chân 16 | VBOOT — Bootstrap rail referenced to HVG return |
Ứng dụng tiêu biểu
L6591TR phù hợp cho 6 Áp dụngs: LCD TV Power Supply (75-200 W ZVS Half-Bridge), Laptop and Gaming-Console Adapter (90-150 W), Telecom DC-DC Brick (48 V to 12 V / 24 V, 100-200 W), Industrial AC-DC Adapter (100-180 W), Audio Amplifier SMPS (100-300 W), LED Backlight Driver / Industrial LED Power Supply.
LCD TV Power Supply (75-200 W ZVS Half-Bridge)
The L6591TR fits 75-200 W LCD-TV power supplies because its 500 kHz ZVS half-bridge capability, on-board HV start-up, and programmable deadtime deliver 90%+ efficiency at the power levels common in flat-panel displays. The internal HV start-up cell eliminates an auxiliary winding, simplifying transformer design. In a typical application the L6591TR drives a pair of STP11NM50FP MOSFETs in a totem-pole across a resonant tank, with the deadtime resistor set to 200-300 ns for 200 kHz switching. Compared to hard-switched topologies, the L6591TR cuts EMI by 6-10 dB on the input side and reduces heatsink size by 30-40%, enabling slim TV chassis designs.
Được đề xuất
Laptop and Gaming-Console Adapter (90-150 W)
The L6591TR is well-suited for 90-150 W laptop and game-console adapters where ZVS half-bridge operation meets 90+ Energy Star efficiency and CoC Tier-2 no-load standby requirements. The advanced light-load management feature disables one gate drive at low load to cut circulation losses, dropping standby consumption below 100 mW. Operating at 150-250 kHz with an EE25 or EE30 transformer, the L6591TR achieves power density above 10 W/inch-cubed. The pulse-by-pulse OCP and latched OLP provide robust short-circuit protection required by IEC 60950 / IEC 62368 safety standards for IT equipment.
Được đề xuất
Telecom DC-DC Brick (48 V to 12 V / 24 V, 100-200 W)
The L6591TR fits 48 V telecom bus converters where ZVS half-bridge operation delivers high efficiency (92-94%) at the 100-200 W power levels common in distributed-power architectures. Its adaptive UVLO with line sensing is critical for telecom hold-up requirements, ensuring orderly shutdown during brownout events. The 8.7-22 V VCC range accommodates bias rails derived from auxiliary windings across 36-75 V input variations. Compared to hard-switched alternatives, the L6591TR reduces input filter size and meets ETSI EN 300 132-2 telecom EMC standards with margin.
Được đề xuất
Industrial AC-DC Adapter (100-180 W)
The L6591TR serves industrial AC-DC adapters in the 100-180 W range, where the on-board HV start-up and latched OLP simplify safety compliance with IEC 61010-1 for industrial control equipment. The programmable deadtime enables optimization across the 100-300 kHz operating range, accommodating different resonant-tank designs without controller changes. With operating junction temperature to 150 C, the L6591TR tolerates the elevated ambient temperatures found in factory-floor enclosures. Compared to quasi-resonant flyback controllers, the L6591TR's half-bridge topology halves the primary-side switch voltage stress, enabling use of 500-600 V MOSFETs instead of 800-900 V devices.
Được đề xuất
Audio Amplifier SMPS (100-300 W)
The L6591TR suits Class-D audio amplifier power supplies where low EMI is critical to avoid coupling switching noise into the audio band. The ZVS operation reduces dV/dt by 5-10x versus hard-switched topologies, easing EMI filtering and meeting FCC Part 15 / EN 55022 Class B with a smaller common-mode choke. Operating from a +/- 50 V to +/- 80 V dual rail, the L6591TR drives a half-bridge that feeds an isolation transformer and full-wave rectifier to generate the amplifier rails. The pulse-by-pulse OCP protects against inrush when amplifiers are switched from standby to full power.
Được đề xuất
LED Backlight Driver / Industrial LED Power Supply
The L6591TR fits 100-200 W LED backlight drivers and industrial LED power supplies where constant-current output is required and efficiency above 90% is mandated. Operating the L6591TR at 150-300 kHz with a resonant LLC tank, designers achieve ZVS switching that keeps MOSFET losses low and enables fan-less operation. The advanced light-load management reduces standby consumption for dimmed-display states. Compared to single-switch flyback converters, the L6591TR's half-bridge topology halves transformer primary turns, easing magnetics winding and reducing leakage inductance.
Được đề xuất
Tóm tắt các sản phẩm được đề xuất
Dữ liệu tham khảo kỹ thuật cho L6591TR — so sánh, hướng dẫn thiết kế và thông tin tuân thủ.
Hướng dẫn chọn lựa
So sánh với các sản phẩm thay thế
| Tham số | Sản phẩm này | L6591 | L6591D | L6591N | NCP1396AADR2G | NCP1336ADR2G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 16-SOIC | 16-SOIC - same | 16-SOIC - same | 16-SO - same footprint | 16-SOIC - same | 16-SOIC - same |
| Brand | STMicroelectronics | STMicroelectronics | STMicroelectronics | STMicroelectronics | onsemi | onsemi |
| Topology | ZVS Half-Bridge | ZVS Half-Bridge - same | ZVS Half-Bridge - same | ZVS Half-Bridge - same | ZVS Half-Bridge - same | Quasi-Resonant (valley-switching) |
| Max Switching Frequency | 500 kHz | 500 kHz | 500 kHz | 500 kHz | 500 kHz | 500 kHz |
| VCC Operating Range | 8.7 V to 22 V | 8.7 V to 22 V | 8.7 V to 22 V | 8.7 V to 22 V | 9 V to 18 V (narrower) | 9 V to 18 V |
| On-board HV Start-up | Yes (up to 500 V) | Yes - same | Yes - same | Yes - same | Yes | Yes |
| Light-Load Management | Yes (advanced) | Yes - same | Yes - same | Yes - same | Yes | Yes |
| Packaging Format | Tape & Reel (TR) | Tube | Tube (dry-pack) | Tube | Tape & Reel | Tape & Reel |
Bảo phân biệt quan trọng
- On-board 500 V high-voltage start-up (vsHard-switched half-bridge controllers without HV start-up)
- Advanced light-load management for standby compliance (vsBasic ZVS half-bridge controllers without light-load optimization)
- Pin-compatible same-brand family members available (vsCross-brand alternatives like NCP1396AADR2G)
Ghi chú thiết kế
The L6591TR requires the DT (deadtime) resistor to be sized correctly: too short causes shoot-through and MOSFET failure; too long causes body-diode conduction and efficiency loss. For 200 kHz operation with 500 V MOSFETs, start with a 33 kohm DT resistor and tune on the bench by monitoring the LVG/HVG crossover waveform. Always verify the bootstrap capacitor (typically 100 nF ceramic) charges fully each cycle - insufficient bootstrap capacitance is the #1 cause of high-side MOSFET failure in half-bridge designs.
Estimated: at 200 kHz switching and 100 mA gate-drive current per transition, gate-drive losses alone are approximately 2 x 100 mA x 15 V x 2 x 200e3 = 0.6 W. Add to this 50 mA quiescent current at 15 V (0.75 W) for a total of ~1.35 W dissipation in the 16-SOIC package. With theta-JA of approximately 120 C/W on a 1 sq-inch copper pour, junction temperature rises ~160 C above 25 C ambient. For continuous full-load operation, expand the copper pour to 2 sq-inch or use thermal vias to an internal plane.
Place the L6591TR's VCC decoupling capacitor (1 uF ceramic + 10 uF electrolytic) within 5 mm of pin 8. The high-voltage start-up pin (HV, pin 11) traces must be routed away from the LVG output (pin 7) to prevent dv/dt-induced coupling; a 4 mm clearance is recommended. The current-sense input (CS, pin 3) is sensitive to leading-edge spikes - keep the CS trace short and use a 100 ohm source resistor plus a 1 nF RC filter to suppress the turn-on spike from the resonant tank.
Thông tin tuân thủ
RoHS compliant per STMicroelectronics product page. Not AEC-Q100 qualified - industrial/commercial grade. MSL 1 (unlimited floor life).
