LM324NS - Low-Power Quad Op Amp | Texas Instruments | SOIC-14
MPN: LM324NS ✓ Hoạt độngLM324NS Tóm tắt
An operational amplifier, commonly abbreviated op amp, is an analog integrated circuit that amplifies the voltage difference between its non-inverting and inverting inputs. The LM324 belongs to the general-purpose amplifier category within the broader operational-amplifier hierarchy. It provides practical open-loop performance for cost-sensitive instrumentation, buffering, summing, and feedback-control circuits where rail-to-rail input and output behavior is not required. The common-mode input range includes ground, allowing direct sensing of small signals near the lower supply rail.
Key characteristics of the LM324NS include four amplifier circuits per package, a typical supply-current drain of 0.8 mA per amplifier as stated in the available datasheet listing, and a common-mode input range that includes ground. The device is intended for single-supply operation, which simplifies power partitioning in battery-powered and industrial measurement systems. Its 14-SO package also provides adequate pin spacing for conventional through-hole assembly and automated surface-mount handling without requiring a fine-pitch land pattern.
The quad organization gives designers four matched amplifier sections in one package while keeping each amplifier electrically independent. This is useful in multi-channel sensor systems where channel-to-channel layout consistency and a shared supply connection simplify routing. Compared with four separate single-amplifier packages, the LM324NS reduces component count, supply-pin count, and board area. The trade-off is that a defect affecting the package can affect multiple amplifier sections.
Typical uses include low-frequency sensor signal conditioning, analog summation, current-to-voltage conversion, general-purpose buffering, and audio or industrial control interfaces. Because the common-mode input range reaches ground, the device is especially suitable for sensors whose output sits near 0 V. It is generally not the preferred choice where rail-to-rail swing, low-noise precision performance, high-speed operation, or guaranteed output-current capability is essential.
The principal design consideration is supply-voltage headroom. Engineers should verify the input common-mode range, output swing, input-offset voltage, input-bias current, and open-loop gain against the signal being sensed rather than assuming ideal behavior. Decoupling capacitors should be placed close to the supply pins, and unused amplifier inputs must be biased so they remain in a defined state.
This page consolidates manufacturer information, distributor pricing, package details, pin assignments, and practical substitution guidance. It also distinguishes direct drop-in alternatives from merely similar amplifier families so procurement and design decisions can be made from one engineering-focused reference.
Bộ thay thế dễ dàng lắp đặt cho LM324NS — cùng gói, chân-to-chân tương thích. Các bộ phận yêu cầu hàn PCB bị loại trừ.
Các biến thể trong loạt này
Các mẫu cùng loạt có thể lắp đặt dễ dàng tương thích với LM324NS (cùng hình factor và footprint) — khác nhau ở Package, Amplifier Type, Device Type, Input Offset Voltage, Supply Configuration.
LM324NSR
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Thông số chưa được xác minh📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
LM324DR
✅ Drop-In ⚠️ Thông số chưa được xác minhLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →LM324D
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →LM324DR
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →LM324DT
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →LM324NS Tỷ lệ tối đa & tính chất điện
| Number of Amplifier Circuits | 4 circuits |
| Device Type | Standard general-purpose operational amplifier |
| Hộp | 14-pin SOIC (14-SO) |
| Kiểu lắp đặt | Surface mount |
| Supply Configuration | Single supply |
| Supply Current Drain | 0.8 mA typical per amplifier |
| Common-Mode Input Voltage Range | Includes ground |
Cấu hình chân LM324NS
| Chân 1 | OUT1 — Amplifier 1 output |
| Chân 2 | -IN1 — Amplifier 1 inverting input |
| Chân 3 | +IN1 — Amplifier 1 non-inverting input |
| Chân 4 | V- — Negative supply connection |
| Chân 5 | +IN2 — Amplifier 2 non-inverting input |
| Chân 6 | -IN2 — Amplifier 2 inverting input |
| Chân 7 | OUT2 — Amplifier 2 output |
| Chân 8 | OUT3 — Amplifier 3 output |
| Chân 9 | -IN3 — Amplifier 3 inverting input |
| Chân 10 | +IN3 — Amplifier 3 non-inverting input |
| Chân 11 | V+ — Positive supply connection |
| Chân 12 | +IN4 — Amplifier 4 non-inverting input |
| Chân 13 | -IN4 — Amplifier 4 inverting input |
| Chân 14 | OUT4 — Amplifier 4 output |
Ứng dụng tiêu biểu
LM324NS phù hợp cho 6 Áp dụngs: Low-Current Sensor Signal Conditioning, Single-Supply Analog Gain Block, Industrial Analog Summing Node, General-Purpose Buffering and Level Shifting, Battery-Powered Measurement Front End, Audio and Communication Interface Circuits.
Low-Current Sensor Signal Conditioning
The LM324NS suits low-frequency sensor conditioning because it provides four amplifier sections in one 14-SO package and its common-mode input range includes ground. It can amplify small transducer signals without requiring a negative supply when the input remains within the device's supported common-mode range. The listed supply-current drain of 0.8 mA per amplifier also supports low-power measurement systems. A practical arrangement uses one section as a non-inverting amplifier and leaves the remaining sections for filtering or buffering. Verify exact input-offset voltage, bias current, and output-swing limits against the signal amplitude before finalizing the gain.
Được đề xuất
Single-Supply Analog Gain Block
A single-supply analog gain block is a natural use for the LM324NS because the device is explicitly positioned for DC gain applications and supports operation from one supply. Its common-mode input range extends to ground, permitting direct processing of signals referenced to 0 V when adequate output headroom remains. One amplifier section can implement a non-inverting stage with a resistor-defined gain, while another can buffer the reference node. The compact 14-SO package reduces board area compared with four separate single-amplifier packages, although designers must account for offset error, bias-current error, and the finite output swing.
Được đề xuất
Industrial Analog Summing Node
The four independent sections of the LM324NS can form an analog summing node or several related summing stages on a common board. Because each amplifier is electrically independent while sharing one package, multiple sensor outputs can be combined without using four separate packages. The single-supply architecture and ground-inclusive common-mode range are useful when the summed inputs remain close to the lower rail. Keep the summing-node current low to minimize gain errors and confirm that each amplifier stays inside its linear operating region. Supply bypass capacitors close to pins 4 and 11 help control coupling between the four channels through shared package connections.
Được đề xuất
General-Purpose Buffering and Level Shifting
LM324NS amplifier sections can buffer high-impedance sources or provide limited level shifting between analog stages operating from a shared supply. The input common-mode range including ground makes it practical for signals near 0 V, while the quad organization allows one section to buffer a reference and the others to support independent sensor channels. The amplifier introduces offset and bias-current errors that may matter for high-impedance sources, so source impedance should be checked against the device's input-bias-current specification. For low-noise audio or precision reference applications, a lower-noise amplifier may offer a better fit despite its non-identical pinout.
Được đề xuất
Battery-Powered Measurement Front End
The low-power architecture of the LM324NS is useful in battery-powered measurement equipment where every amplifier section contributes to the standing load. The verified listing reports a supply-current drain of 0.8 mA typical, and the device operates from a single supply, simplifying battery rail design. Its common-mode range includes ground, allowing direct sensing of low-level outputs from resistive dividers or resistive sensors. Designers should still estimate average consumption from the actual supply voltage, quiescent current, and load current, then confirm that the input signal and required output swing remain within the final operating-point limits documented by Texas Instruments.
Được đề xuất
Audio and Communication Interface Circuits
The LM324NS can serve audio and low-frequency communication interface blocks when the design does not require rail-to-rail output swing or the lower noise of a dedicated audio amplifier. Its single-supply operation simplifies integration into mixed-signal boards, and the ground-inclusive common-mode range supports biased audio or microphone signals near 0 V. The 14-SO package also reduces assembly area when four small-signal stages are required. Designers should avoid using it where clipping, distortion, or hiss limits dominate, and should place supply-bypass capacitors close to the package power pins. Exact gain-bandwidth and output-current data must be taken from the manufacturer datasheet before setting the highest usable closed-loop gain.
Được đề xuất
Tóm tắt các sản phẩm được đề xuất
Dữ liệu tham khảo kỹ thuật cho LM324NS — so sánh, hướng dẫn thiết kế và thông tin tuân thủ.
Hướng dẫn chọn lựa
So sánh với các sản phẩm thay thế
| Tham số | Sản phẩm này | LM324NSR | LM324DR | LM324D | LM324DR | LM324DT |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | onsemi | onsemi | STMicroelectronics |
| Package | 14-SO | 14-SO | 14-SO | 14-SO | 14-SO | 14-SO |
| Amplifier Count | 4 circuits | 4 circuits | 4 circuits | 4 circuits | 4 circuits | 4 circuits |
| Supply Configuration | Single supply | Single supply | Single supply | Single supply | Single supply | Single supply |
Bảo phân biệt quan trọng
- Four independent general-purpose amplifier sections in one 14-SO package (vsLM258DR)
- Verified low-cost sourcing position (vsLM324DR)
- Single-supply ground-referenced sensing capability (vsLM324DT)
Ghi chú thiết kế
Place the supply-bypass capacitor as close as practical to pins 4 and 11 of the 14-SO package. Because all four amplifiers share the package supply connections, a long supply trace can allow disturbance from one high-gain channel to couple into the others. Keep sensitive input traces away from the supply pins and bypass return path, and provide a quiet ground reference for each feedback network.
Do not assume that a single-supply amplifier can accept or produce signals across the entire 0 V to V+ range. The common-mode input range includes ground, but the actual usable range and output swing must remain inside the manufacturer's limits. Bias unused non-inverting inputs, for example by connecting them to ground through a resistor, so that unused sections do not float into a nonlinear state.
For high-impedance sensor inputs, evaluate input-bias-current error and input-offset voltage before setting the closed-loop gain. The verified data does not provide numerical values for either parameter, so they must be obtained from the official Texas Instruments datasheet. If the source impedance is high or the required gain exceeds the usable bandwidth, a lower-offset or lower-noise amplifier will generally provide a more accurate result than simply increasing the LM324NS gain.
Estimated: if the LM324NS dissipates an average of 250 mW per amplifier at a 5 V supply, the four-section package dissipates about 1.0 W. Actual dissipation depends on supply voltage, output current, quiescent current, and output duty cycle, none of which are fully quantified in the supplied data. Validate the resulting junction temperature against the package rating and the manufacturer's thermal information before enclosing the board.
Thông tin tuân thủ
The supplied manufacturer and distributor snippets do not state the RoHS, REACH, halogen-free, lead-free, conflict-minerals, or AEC-Q100 status of the exact LM324NS orderable MPN. The family is a general-purpose amplifier, but automotive qualification must not be assumed. Verify compliance using the manufacturer documentation for the exact suffix and package.
