LM324KN - Quad 14-PDIP General-Purpose Op Amp | Texas Instruments
MPN： LM324KN ✓ 啟用中LM324KN 概覽
An operational amplifier is an analog signal-conditioning IC that uses feedback to control gain, amplify differential inputs, buffer sensors, and perform general-purpose analog calculations. The LM324 family belongs to the operational-amplifier hierarchy within analog and mixed-signal semiconductors. Its common-mode input range includes ground, making it useful in circuits powered from a positive rail and sensing signals near 0 V.
The four independent channels can perform simultaneous amplification, filtering, buffering, or summing functions while sharing one package. Internal frequency compensation makes the LM324 suitable for general-purpose closed-loop amplifier designs without external compensation networks. Its low 0.8 mA typical supply-current drain helps reduce system power consumption, while the broad supply capability supports industrial and legacy equipment operating from multiple rail voltages.
Common applications include sensor-signal conditioning, low-level current-to-voltage conversion, audio preamplification, active filtering, comparators with additional biasing, and general instrumentation. The 14-pin PDIP format also supports manual assembly and through-hole prototyping in laboratories, educational equipment, industrial control systems, and repair products.
When designing an LM324KN circuit, verify input and output voltage limits against the selected operating rail, including output swing limitations when driving capacitive loads. Place input compensation or bias resistors close to the relevant amplifier pins, keep feedback loops short, and provide stable bypassing at the supply pins to limit noise and prevent oscillation.
This product page combines the LM324KN package and feature information with practical analog-design guidance, application context, verified alternatives, and a parameter comparison for faster component selection.
直接替換替代品，適用於 LM324KN — 相同封裝，腳位對腳位相容。需重新設計 PCB 的不同封裝零件不列入。
此系列的變體
與下列產品可直接替換的同系列型號： LM324KN （相同外形與佔位） — 差異在於 Package, Number of Channels, Product Type, Mounting Type, Amplifier Type.
LM324N
✅ 直接替換 ⚠️ 規格未經驗證聯絡詢價
查看資料表 →LM324ADR2G
✅ 直接替換 ⚠️ 規格未經驗證聯絡詢價
查看資料表 →LM324BAIDR
✅ 直接替換聯絡詢價
查看資料表 →LMC660
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
LM324KN 最大額定值與電氣特性
| Amplifier Count | 4 circuits |
| Product Type | General-purpose operational amplifier |
| Number of Channels | 4 independent channels |
| 封裝 | 14-PDIP |
| 腳位數 | 14 pins |
| 安裝類型 | Through-hole |
| Supply Configuration | Single supply or split supply |
| Maximum Supply Voltage | 36 V |
| Typical Supply-Current Drain | 0.8 mA |
| Common-Mode Input Range | Includes ground |
| ESD Protection | 2 kV |
| Frequency Compensation | Internal |
| RoHS 狀態 | unknown |
| REACH Status | unknown |
| AEC-Q100 Qualification | not_applicable |
LM324KN 腳位配置
| 腳位 1 | OUT1 — Output of amplifier 1 |
| 腳位 2 | IN1- — Inverting input of amplifier 1 |
| 腳位 3 | IN1+ — Non-inverting input of amplifier 1 |
| 腳位 4 | V- — Negative supply connection |
| 腳位 5 | IN2+ — Non-inverting input of amplifier 2 |
| 腳位 6 | IN2- — Inverting input of amplifier 2 |
| 腳位 7 | OUT2 — Output of amplifier 2 |
| 腳位 8 | OUT3 — Output of amplifier 3 |
| 腳位 9 | IN3- — Inverting input of amplifier 3 |
| 腳位 10 | IN3+ — Non-inverting input of amplifier 3 |
| 腳位 11 | V+ — Positive supply connection |
| 腳位 12 | IN4+ — Non-inverting input of amplifier 4 |
| 腳位 13 | IN4- — Inverting input of amplifier 4 |
| 腳位 14 | OUT4 — Output of amplifier 4 |
典型應用
LM324KN 適用於 6 應用s: Industrial Sensor Signal Conditioning, Current-to-Voltage Conversion, Audio Preamplification, Active Filtering and Control Loops, Battery-Powered Portable Instruments, Educational and Laboratory Analog Circuits.
Industrial Sensor Signal Conditioning
LM324KN fits industrial sensor-conditioning circuits that amplify low-level sensor outputs into a voltage range suitable for measurement or control. Its four independent channels can process separate inputs without requiring multiple packages, while internal frequency compensation simplifies closed-loop amplifier design. The common-mode input range includes ground, which is valuable when sensing signals near 0 V from resistive dividers, potentiometers, or resistive bridges. The 14-PDIP format also supports through-hole control boards that use conventional leaded assembly. Designers should verify output swing at the selected supply voltage and keep input and feedback routing short to preserve accuracy.
推薦
Current-to-Voltage Conversion
LM324KN is useful in current-to-voltage converter circuits where a small shunt voltage must be amplified for an ADC, meter, or analog display. Because its common-mode input range includes ground, a shunt positioned near the ground return can be measured effectively with a single positive supply. The device provides four independently usable amplifiers, allowing one channel to perform conversion while the others support buffering, gain stages, or offset conditioning. Verify the maximum input and output voltages, account for input bias current when choosing shunt and feedback resistors, and confirm stability with the capacitance presented by the downstream ADC or display.
推薦
Audio Preamplification
LM324KN can serve in general-purpose audio preamplifier and mixer stages built around small-signal source devices. Its four-channel organization permits multiple buffered inputs without using separate packages, and the low 0.8 mA typical supply-current drain suits low-power analog sections. The internal frequency compensation supports straightforward closed-loop voltage-amplifier configurations, including non-inverting and inverting stages. Audio-system design should still consider the source impedance, gain error caused by bias current, output-loading tolerance, and bandwidth requirements. A common-mode input range including ground supports single-supply biasing, provided the signal and output remain inside the device's specified swing limits.
推薦
Active Filtering and Control Loops
LM324KN is appropriate for active filter, gain-control, and simple analog-control loops where four interchangeable amplifier channels improve board utilization. Its internally compensated design is intended for conventional closed-loop operation, so first-order and basic second-order filter sections can often be implemented directly with passive R and C networks. Component tolerances and the amplifier's finite gain and bandwidth still influence cutoff accuracy and phase margin. Keep the feedback components close to their associated pins, avoid long high-impedance routes, and evaluate the final response across the intended supply range. The DIP package through-hole footprint makes it convenient for educational, prototype, and legacy industrial-control boards.
推薦
Battery-Powered Portable Instruments
LM324KN can fit portable measurement instruments and battery-operated control products that require multiple low-power analog channels. Its four independent amplifiers reduce package count, and the 0.8 mA typical supply-current drain helps conserve power relative to a design using four separate amplifiers. The common-mode range including ground is useful in systems that operate from one positive rail, while broad supply compatibility supports different battery-derived voltage options. Designers should check quiescent and load-current behavior at the intended temperature, confirm that output swing leaves adequate headroom for the ADC or comparator, and account for input bias current when source impedances become high.
推薦
Educational and Laboratory Analog Circuits
LM324KN is well suited to educational laboratories, breadboard-based prototypes, and through-hole analog training systems. Four independent amplifiers on one 14-PDIP package let students build amplifier, comparator, summing, buffer, and active-filter circuits without separate packages for every stage. Internal frequency compensation simplifies introductory closed-loop experiments, while the ability to operate from single or split supplies demonstrates both common analog biasing methods. Before connecting student circuits, use current limiting and protected laboratory supplies. For precision exercises, include input bias current, output swing, and finite open-loop gain in the analysis rather than treating the amplifier as ideal.
推薦
推薦產品摘要
工程參考資料，適用於 LM324KN — 比較、設計指引及合規資訊。
選型指南
與替代品比較
| 參數 | 本產品 | LM324N | LM324A | LM324B | LMC660 | LM2904P3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Package | 14-PDIP | 14-PDIP - same | 14-PDIP - same | 14-PDIP - same | 14-PDIP - same | 14-PDIP - same |
| Brand | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments | Texas Instruments |
| Amplifier Count | 4 circuits | 4 circuits | 4 circuits | 4 circuits | 4 circuits | 4 circuits |
| Special Characteristic | Standard LM324 general-purpose amplifier | Standard LM324 family | LM324A accuracy variant | Improved B-version specifications | Greater bandwidth and input resistance | LM2904 operating-grade profile |
主要差異化特點
- Four independent channels in one through-hole package (對比LM2904P3)
- Established LM324 electrical behavior (對比LMC660)
- Improved offset specification available in the related B version (對比LM324B)
設計說明
Do not assume an ideal amplifier: the LM324 input bias current creates offset error across high source impedances, and its output cannot necessarily reach either supply rail. Select the feedback resistors with source impedance and bias current in mind, and confirm output swing for the actual load. When the LM324 is used as a comparator, use an appropriate pull-up or pull-down and include hysteresis where required by the input offset voltage.
Keep each amplifier's feedback loop physically compact and connect compensation or bias components directly to the relevant pins. Avoid routing high-impedance input nodes near power-supply traces and switching nodes. Place supply bypassing close to pins 4 and 11, with a short ground return, and preserve adequate copper around power connections for current flow and heat dissipation. Check the final PCB for unintended coupling between adjacent amplifier channels.
Estimated: with a 12 V input, a 5 V output, and a 10 mA load, linear-regulator dissipation is approximately 70 mW using P = (VIN - VOUT) × IOUT. Verify the actual source and output currents across all operating modes, including startup and load transients. The package and board copper must dissipate the resulting heat without pushing the junction beyond its device-specific temperature limit.
Operational-amplifier output stability can be affected by excessive capacitive loading, particularly when driving long cables, ADC inputs, or relay contacts. Add a small isolation resistor close to the output when capacitive loading is unavoidable, and evaluate the resulting gain response. Also avoid very high closed-loop gains with large feedback resistors unless the resulting bias-current error and bandwidth behavior have been checked.
合規資訊
The LM324KN is a general-purpose analog IC and is not an AEC-Q100-qualified automotive ordering option. Current manufacturer material-declaration records are required to establish RoHS, REACH, lead-free, halogen-free, and conflict-minerals status.
