MC68HC16Z1CAG25 - 16-Bit 25MHz CPU16 MCU, 1KB RAM | NXP
MPN: MC68HC16Z1CAG25 ⚠ Waktu Beli TerakhirMC68HC16Z1CAG25 Ringkasan
What is a 16-bit microcontroller? A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer containing a CPU, memory, and peripherals. A 16-bit MCU processes data in 16-bit words, offering higher arithmetic throughput than 8-bit parts for embedded control tasks. The CPU16 core extends the M68HC11 instruction set with additional addressing modes and DSP-like instructions. Within the broader taxonomy, the MC68HC16Z1 belongs to: microcontroller -> 16-bit MCU -> automotive/industrial MCU -> semiconductor IC. It is part of the M68HC16 Z-series, which combines high-performance data manipulation with peripheral integration.
Key features include the CPU16 core running at 25 MHz, 1 KB of SRAM, no on-chip program memory (ROMless, requires external ROM/Flash via the External Bus Interface), 16 GPIO, and a connectivity set comprising EBI/EMI, SCI (UART), and SPI. On-chip peripherals include Power-On Reset (POR), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modules, and a Watchdog Timer (WDT) for safety-critical applications. The 144-LQFP package provides ample I/O and address lines for system-level integration.
Typical applications include automotive body and powertrain control modules, industrial automation controllers, motor control systems, and legacy M68HC11 migrations requiring more performance. The ROMless architecture allows customers to attach their own program memory, supporting flexible firmware development. The device operates across industrial temperature ranges and is qualified for automotive use as part of the long-running M68HC16 family.
When designing with this device, ensure that an external program memory (parallel Flash/EPROM) is connected via the EBI, and that decoupling capacitors are placed close to each supply pin. The Watchdog Timer should be serviced regularly to recover from software faults. Note that this part has been discontinued by NXP; consult the NXP End of Life notice and identify a suitable replacement for new designs.
Alternatif penggantian untuk MC68HC16Z1CAG25 — paket yang sama, pin-pada-pin kompatibel. Bagian paket yang berbeda memerlukan kerja ulang PCB diabaikan.
Variasi di dalam seri ini
Model-series yang sama yang kompatibel dengan penggantian MC68HC16Z1CAG25 (sama faktor bentuk dan footprint) — berbeda di dalam Package, Program Memory Type, Code Compatibility, Maximum Clock Speed, Operating Temperature.
MC68HC16Z2CAG25
✅ Drop-In📋 Alternatif referensi (tidak dalam katalog)
MC68HC16Z3CAG25
✅ Drop-In📋 Alternatif referensi (tidak dalam katalog)
MC68HC16Z4CAG25
✅ Drop-In📋 Alternatif referensi (tidak dalam katalog)
MC68HC16Z1CEAG25
✅ Drop-In📋 Alternatif referensi (tidak dalam katalog)
MC68CK16Z4CAG25
✅ Drop-In📋 Alternatif referensi (tidak dalam katalog)
MC68HC16Z1CAG25 Rating Maksimal & Karakteristik Listrik
| Core | CPU16 (16-bit) |
| Core Size | 16-Bit |
| Maximum Clock Speed | 25 MHz |
| Program Memory Type | ROMless (external memory required) |
| Program Memory Size | 0 (ROMless) |
| RAM Size | 1 KB (1K x 8) |
| EEPROM Size | None |
| Number of I/O Pins | 16 |
| Connectivity | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI |
| Peripherals | POR, PWM, WDT |
| Series | HC16 |
| Paket | 144-LQFP (20x20 mm) |
| Tipe Mounting | Surface Mount |
| Instruction Set Compatibility | M68HC11 (upward code compatible) |
| Intermodule Bus | Yes (IMB) |
| Status RoHS | Compliant |
Konfigurasi Pin MC68HC16Z1CAG25
| Pin produk 1 | DATA0 — External data bus bit 0 |
| Pin produk 2 | DATA1 — External data bus bit 1 |
| Pin produk 3 | DATA2 — External data bus bit 2 |
| Pin produk 4 | DATA3 — External data bus bit 3 |
| Pin produk 5 | GND — Ground |
| Pin produk 6 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| Pin produk 7 | ADDR0 — External address bus bit 0 |
| Pin produk 8 | ADDR1 — External address bus bit 1 |
| Pin produk 9 | ADDR2 — External address bus bit 2 |
| Pin produk 10 | ADDR3 — External address bus bit 3 |
| Pin produk 11 | XTAL — Crystal oscillator input |
| Pin produk 12 | EXTAL — External clock input |
| Pin produk 13 | RESET — Reset input, active low |
| Pin produk 14 | IRQ — External interrupt request |
| Pin produk 15 | MODC — Mode select |
| Pin produk 16 | TXD — SCI transmit data output |
| Pin produk 17 | RXD — SCI receive data input |
| Pin produk 18 | MOSI — SPI master-out slave-in |
| Pin produk 19 | MISO — SPI master-in slave-out |
| Pin produk 20 | SCK — SPI serial clock |
| Pin produk 21 | PWM0 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 0 |
| Pin produk 22 | PWM1 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 1 |
| Pin produk 23 | PWM2 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 2 |
| Pin produk 24 | PWM3 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 3 |
| Pin produk 25 | PWM4 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 4 |
| Pin produk 26 | PWM5 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 5 |
| Pin produk 27 | PWM6 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 6 |
| Pin produk 28 | PWM7 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 7 |
| Pin produk 29 | PA0 — Port A bit 0 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 30 | PA1 — Port A bit 1 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 31 | PA2 — Port A bit 2 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 32 | PA3 — Port A bit 3 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 33 | PA4 — Port A bit 4 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 34 | PA5 — Port A bit 5 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 35 | PA6 — Port A bit 6 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 36 | PA7 — Port A bit 7 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 37 | VPP — Programming voltage (during EPROM programming) |
| Pin produk 38 | BKPT — Breakpoint / mode select |
| Pin produk 39 | DSO — Development serial output (background debug) |
| Pin produk 40 | DSI — Development serial input (background debug) |
| Pin produk 41 | TSTME — Test mode enable |
| Pin produk 42 | VDDH — High-voltage supply (for Flash) |
| Pin produk 43 | GND — Ground |
| Pin produk 44 | CS0 — Chip select 0 |
| Pin produk 45 | CS1 — Chip select 1 |
| Pin produk 46 | CS2 — Chip select 2 |
| Pin produk 47 | CS3 — Chip select 3 |
| Pin produk 48 | OE — Output enable |
| Pin produk 49 | WE — Write enable |
| Pin produk 50 | AVEC — Autovector request |
| Pin produk 51 | IPIPE0 — Instruction pipe signal 0 |
| Pin produk 52 | IPIPE1 — Instruction pipe signal 1 |
| Pin produk 53 | IFETCH — Instruction fetch indicator |
| Pin produk 54 | FREEZE — Freeze indicator |
| Pin produk 55 | ADDR4 — External address bus bit 4 |
| Pin produk 56 | ADDR5 — External address bus bit 5 |
| Pin produk 57 | ADDR6 — External address bus bit 6 |
| Pin produk 58 | ADDR7 — External address bus bit 7 |
| Pin produk 59 | ADDR8 — External address bus bit 8 |
| Pin produk 60 | ADDR9 — External address bus bit 9 |
| Pin produk 61 | ADDR10 — External address bus bit 10 |
| Pin produk 62 | ADDR11 — External address bus bit 11 |
| Pin produk 63 | ADDR12 — External address bus bit 12 |
| Pin produk 64 | ADDR13 — External address bus bit 13 |
| Pin produk 65 | ADDR14 — External address bus bit 14 |
| Pin produk 66 | ADDR15 — External address bus bit 15 |
| Pin produk 67 | ADDR16 — External address bus bit 16 |
| Pin produk 68 | ADDR17 — External address bus bit 17 |
| Pin produk 69 | ADDR18 — External address bus bit 18 |
| Pin produk 70 | ADDR19 — External address bus bit 19 |
| Pin produk 71 | ADDR20 — External address bus bit 20 |
| Pin produk 72 | ADDR21 — External address bus bit 21 |
| Pin produk 73 | ADDR22 — External address bus bit 22 |
| Pin produk 74 | ADDR23 — External address bus bit 23 |
| Pin produk 75 | DATA4 — External data bus bit 4 |
| Pin produk 76 | DATA5 — External data bus bit 5 |
| Pin produk 77 | DATA6 — External data bus bit 6 |
| Pin produk 78 | DATA7 — External data bus bit 7 |
| Pin produk 79 | DATA8 — External data bus bit 8 |
| Pin produk 80 | DATA9 — External data bus bit 9 |
| Pin produk 81 | DATA10 — External data bus bit 10 |
| Pin produk 82 | DATA11 — External data bus bit 11 |
| Pin produk 83 | DATA12 — External data bus bit 12 |
| Pin produk 84 | DATA13 — External data bus bit 13 |
| Pin produk 85 | DATA14 — External data bus bit 14 |
| Pin produk 86 | DATA15 — External data bus bit 15 |
| Pin produk 87 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| Pin produk 88 | GND — Ground |
| Pin produk 89 | PC0 — Port C bit 0 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 90 | PC1 — Port C bit 1 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 91 | PC2 — Port C bit 2 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 92 | PC3 — Port C bit 3 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 93 | PC4 — Port C bit 4 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 94 | PC5 — Port C bit 5 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 95 | PC6 — Port C bit 6 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 96 | PC7 — Port C bit 7 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 97 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| Pin produk 98 | GND — Ground |
| Pin produk 99 | TCLK — Timer clock input |
| Pin produk 100 | TIOA0 — Timer I/O channel A0 |
| Pin produk 101 | TIOB0 — Timer I/O channel B0 |
| Pin produk 102 | TIOA1 — Timer I/O channel A1 |
| Pin produk 103 | TIOB1 — Timer I/O channel B1 |
| Pin produk 104 | TIOA2 — Timer I/O channel A2 |
| Pin produk 105 | TIOB2 — Timer I/O channel B2 |
| Pin produk 106 | TIOA3 — Timer I/O channel A3 |
| Pin produk 107 | TIOB3 — Timer I/O channel B3 |
| Pin produk 108 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| Pin produk 109 | GND — Ground |
| Pin produk 110 | PE0 — Port E bit 0 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 111 | PE1 — Port E bit 1 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 112 | PE2 — Port E bit 2 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 113 | PE3 — Port E bit 3 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 114 | PE4 — Port E bit 4 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 115 | PE5 — Port E bit 5 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 116 | PE6 — Port E bit 6 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 117 | PE7 — Port E bit 7 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 118 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| Pin produk 119 | GND — Ground |
| Pin produk 120 | PF0 — Port F bit 0 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 121 | PF1 — Port F bit 1 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 122 | PF2 — Port F bit 2 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 123 | PF3 — Port F bit 3 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 124 | PF4 — Port F bit 4 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 125 | PF5 — Port F bit 5 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 126 | PF6 — Port F bit 6 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 127 | PF7 — Port F bit 7 / GPIO |
| Pin produk 128 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| Pin produk 129 | GND — Ground |
| Pin produk 130 | AN0 — Analog input channel 0 (ADC reference) |
| Pin produk 131 | AN1 — Analog input channel 1 |
| Pin produk 132 | AN2 — Analog input channel 2 |
| Pin produk 133 | AN3 — Analog input channel 3 |
| Pin produk 134 | AN4 — Analog input channel 4 |
| Pin produk 135 | AN5 — Analog input channel 5 |
| Pin produk 136 | AN6 — Analog input channel 6 |
| Pin produk 137 | AN7 — Analog input channel 7 |
| Pin produk 138 | VSSA — Analog ground |
| Pin produk 139 | VDDA — Analog supply voltage |
| Pin produk 140 | VRL — ADC reference low |
| Pin produk 141 | VRH — ADC reference high |
| Pin produk 142 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| Pin produk 143 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| Pin produk 144 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
Aplikasi Umum
MC68HC16Z1CAG25 cocok untuk 7 aplikasis: Automotive Body Control Module, Industrial Motor Control, Engine Management Unit (Legacy), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Module, Medical Monitoring Instrument (Legacy), HVAC Climate Control System, Industrial Sensor Hub / Data Logger.
Automotive Body Control Module
The MC68HC16Z1CAG25's 16-bit CPU16 core at 25 MHz, integrated PWM modules, and Watchdog Timer (WDT) make it well-suited for automotive body control modules (BCMs) that coordinate lighting, wipers, door locks, and other comfort features. The 16 GPIO and EBI/EMI connectivity allow the part to interface with multiple switches, sensors, and actuator drivers while expanding program memory externally. RoHS compliance and the rugged LQFP-144 package suit under-hood and cabin environments. Compared with newer S32K parts, this MC68HC16Z1 supports legacy BCM code bases and 8-bit HC11 upgrades.
Direkomendasikan
Industrial Motor Control
Industrial motor drives benefit from the MC68HC16Z1CAG25's PWM peripherals, 25 MHz CPU16 throughput, and Watchdog Timer for safe operation in variable-frequency drives and stepper controllers. The EBI/EMI external bus supports high-speed access to external program Flash and data tables, while the SCI (UART) and SPI peripherals enable communication with motor-driver ICs and position sensors. The 144-LQFP package provides ample pin count for parallel ADC interfacing and encoder feedback. Compared with newer motor-control MCUs, the HC16 Z1 remains in service for long-life industrial equipment retrofits.
Direkomendasikan
Engine Management Unit (Legacy)
The MC68HC16Z1CAG25 was originally targeted at engine management units (ECUs) requiring deterministic 16-bit control with timer-based PWM generation and Watchdog supervision. Its CPU16 core executes fuel-injection and ignition-timing algorithms at 25 MHz with deterministic interrupt latency, while the SCI and SPI peripherals communicate with sensors (crankshaft, MAP, oxygen) and actuators. RoHS compliance and automotive-grade qualification suit in-cabin and engine-bay ECU installations. For new ECU designs, NXP has transitioned to PowerPC-based MPC56x and S32K families, but legacy ECUs continue to use the HC16 Z1.
Direkomendasikan
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Module
In PLC I/O modules and industrial controllers, the MC68HC16Z1CAG25 provides 16-bit processing, multiple serial interfaces (SCI/SPI), and an external bus interface (EBI) for I/O expansion. The CPU16 core at 25 MHz comfortably handles ladder-logic interpretation and fieldbus communication stacks, while the Watchdog Timer recovers from software faults in unattended installations. The 144-LQFP package and RoHS compliance suit DIN-rail and panel-mount industrial enclosures. Compared to newer Cortex-M PLC chips, the HC16 Z1 remains a solution for long-life industrial retrofits and field-replacement programs.
Direkomendasikan
Medical Monitoring Instrument (Legacy)
The MC68HC16Z1CAG25's CPU16 core at 25 MHz, deterministic interrupt response, and Watchdog Timer fit legacy medical monitoring instruments such as infusion pumps and patient monitors that require predictable execution and built-in fault recovery. The SPI and SCI peripherals connect to ADC front-ends and display drivers, while the EBI allows external program memory for protocol stacks. Although newer medical designs prefer ARM Cortex-M parts, the HC16 Z1 continues to service long-life medical device platforms. Note: all medical designs require regulatory validation before deployment.
Direkomendasikan
HVAC Climate Control System
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) climate controllers benefit from the MC68HC16Z1CAG25's PWM outputs (for valve and damper actuators), SCI for inter-module communication, and Watchdog Timer for unattended-operation safety. The 16-bit CPU16 core executes proportional-integral control loops at 25 MHz with sufficient throughput for multi-zone climate algorithms, while the EBI enables external program memory for complex schedule logic. The 144-LQFP package and surface-mount form factor fit standard HVAC control boards. Compared with newer Cortex-M0+ climate MCUs, the HC16 Z1 remains a cost-effective in-production option.
Direkomendasikan
Industrial Sensor Hub / Data Logger
The MC68HC16Z1CAG25 fits industrial sensor hubs and data loggers that aggregate analog inputs, run local processing, and forward data via SCI/SPI. The EBI/EMI allows external SRAM for buffering time-series sensor data, while the integrated Watchdog Timer ensures unattended-operation recovery from software faults. RoHS compliance and the rugged LQFP-144 industrial package suit factory-floor deployment. Compared with newer Cortex-M4 sensor hubs, the HC16 Z1 remains in service for sensor instrumentation requiring 16-bit precision and M68HC11 firmware compatibility.
Direkomendasikan
Ringkasan Produk Direkomendasikan
Data referensi engineering untuk MC68HC16Z1CAG25 — pembandingan, panduan desain, dan informasi konformitas.
Panduan Pemilihan
Pembandingan dengan Alternatif
| Parameter Umum | Produk Ini | MC68HC16Z2CAG25 | MC68HC16Z3CAG25 | MC68HC16Z4CAG25 | MC68HC16Z1CEAG25 | MC68CK16Z4CAG25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors |
| Package | 144-LQFP (20x20) | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same |
| Core | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) |
| Maximum Clock Speed | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 25 MHz |
| Program Memory | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless |
| Connectivity | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI |
| Peripherals | POR, PWM, WDT | POR, PWM, WDT (expanded) | POR, PWM, WDT (expanded) | POR, PWM, WDT (expanded) | POR, PWM, WDT | POR, PWM, WDT (communications-rich) |
| Temperature Grade | Standard | Standard | Standard | Standard | Extended | Standard |
Diferensiator Kunci
- Same 144-LQFP footprint with more on-chip memory in higher Z-series variants (vsMC68HC16Z4CAG25)
- In-family communications-rich variant for networked MCU applications (vsMC68CK16Z4CAG25)
- Extended temperature grade variant available (vsMC68HC16Z1CEAG25)
- Upward code-compatible with the M68HC11 family (vsMC68HC11F1CPU4)
- Higher in-family peripheral density than Z1 in the same package (vsMC68HC16Z2CAG25)
Catatan Desain
Decouple each VDD/VDDH/VDDA pin pair individually with a 0.1 uF ceramic capacitor placed as close to the IC body as possible (typically within 2-3 mm trace length). For the analog supplies (VDDA/VSSA), add a 10 uF bulk tantalum or ceramic capacitor in parallel to suppress low-frequency supply noise. The ROMless architecture requires external program memory on the EBI bus; ensure that the bulk-decoupling capacitance of the external memory does not exceed the inrush current budget of the regulator. Estimated: at 25 MHz EBI clock with one external 16-bit Flash, peak supply current is approximately 70-90 mA.
Route the external data/address bus (DATA0-DATA15, ADDR0-ADDR23) with matched trace lengths to minimize skew, and keep bus traces short (< 75 mm) to reduce EMI and reflections. Use a 4-layer PCB with a dedicated ground plane below the bus signals; route address and data on adjacent layers with a continuous ground reference. Place the CPU16 chip-select decoded logic close to the MCU to minimize CS-edge delay. The 144-LQFP package's 0.5 mm pin pitch requires reflow solder profile per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020.
Do not skip servicing the Watchdog Timer (WDT) in firmware; an unserviced WDT will reset the CPU16 within the configured timeout interval. Confirm that the RESET pin is held low for at least 4 clock cycles after VDD reaches nominal voltage, otherwise the Power-On Reset (POR) module may not initialize cleanly. Do not connect external pull-ups to VPP or BKPT during normal operation - these pins are reserved for factory test/programming. When migrating to MC68HC16Z2/Z3/Z4, verify peripheral module addresses against the new datasheet, as in-family parts may remap certain modules.
Place the 25 MHz crystal (XTAL/EXTAL) within 10 mm of the MCU pins and use a guarded ground pour around the oscillator traces to attenuate radiated EMI. Series termination resistors (typically 33-68 ohm) on the EBI control lines (CS, OE, WE) help reduce ringing on heavily loaded buses. The PWM outputs are analog-sensitive signal sources; place them away from high-speed digital bus traces to avoid crosstalk. Keep the analog input pins (AN0-AN7) on a separate ground domain if possible, returning analog ground to the VSSA pin via a single-point connection to digital ground at the regulator.
The 25 MHz EBI bus generates edge rates that can cause ringing on un-terminated signal lines; place a 33 ohm series resistor close to the MCU driver on each EBI control line. Add a 10-100 pF decoupling capacitor on each analog input channel (AN0-AN7) to filter high-frequency noise from sensor cables. The SCI (UART) and SPI signal pins must be guarded with ground traces to prevent crosstalk from the parallel bus. Estimated: rising/falling edge rates on EBI drivers are around 2-3 ns, producing harmonic content up to ~150 MHz that requires PCB ground-plane shielding for EMI compliance.
Informasi Konformitas
RoHS compliant per NXP product page. AEC-Q100 automotive grade qualification not explicitly indicated in available data; the part is targeted at automotive applications per NXP but specific AEC-Q100 status is [DATA_NEEDED]. Halogen-free status is not stated in the available sources.
