MC68HC16Z1CAG25 - 16-Bit 25MHz CPU16 MCU, 1KB RAM | NXP
MPN： MC68HC16Z1CAG25 ⚠ 最後購買機會MC68HC16Z1CAG25 概覽
What is a 16-bit microcontroller? A microcontroller (MCU) is a single-chip computer containing a CPU, memory, and peripherals. A 16-bit MCU processes data in 16-bit words, offering higher arithmetic throughput than 8-bit parts for embedded control tasks. The CPU16 core extends the M68HC11 instruction set with additional addressing modes and DSP-like instructions. Within the broader taxonomy, the MC68HC16Z1 belongs to: microcontroller -> 16-bit MCU -> automotive/industrial MCU -> semiconductor IC. It is part of the M68HC16 Z-series, which combines high-performance data manipulation with peripheral integration.
Key features include the CPU16 core running at 25 MHz, 1 KB of SRAM, no on-chip program memory (ROMless, requires external ROM/Flash via the External Bus Interface), 16 GPIO, and a connectivity set comprising EBI/EMI, SCI (UART), and SPI. On-chip peripherals include Power-On Reset (POR), Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modules, and a Watchdog Timer (WDT) for safety-critical applications. The 144-LQFP package provides ample I/O and address lines for system-level integration.
Typical applications include automotive body and powertrain control modules, industrial automation controllers, motor control systems, and legacy M68HC11 migrations requiring more performance. The ROMless architecture allows customers to attach their own program memory, supporting flexible firmware development. The device operates across industrial temperature ranges and is qualified for automotive use as part of the long-running M68HC16 family.
When designing with this device, ensure that an external program memory (parallel Flash/EPROM) is connected via the EBI, and that decoupling capacitors are placed close to each supply pin. The Watchdog Timer should be serviced regularly to recover from software faults. Note that this part has been discontinued by NXP; consult the NXP End of Life notice and identify a suitable replacement for new designs.
直接替換替代品，適用於 MC68HC16Z1CAG25 — 相同封裝，腳位對腳位相容。需重新設計 PCB 的不同封裝零件不列入。
此系列的變體
與下列產品可直接替換的同系列型號： MC68HC16Z1CAG25 （相同外形與佔位） — 差異在於 Package, Program Memory Type, Code Compatibility, Maximum Clock Speed, Operating Temperature.
MC68HC16Z2CAG25
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68HC16Z3CAG25
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68HC16Z4CAG25
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68HC16Z1CEAG25
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68CK16Z4CAG25
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68HC16Z1CAG25 最大額定值與電氣特性
| Core | CPU16 (16-bit) |
| Core Size | 16-Bit |
| Maximum Clock Speed | 25 MHz |
| Program Memory Type | ROMless (external memory required) |
| Program Memory Size | 0 (ROMless) |
| RAM Size | 1 KB (1K x 8) |
| EEPROM Size | None |
| Number of I/O Pins | 16 |
| Connectivity | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI |
| Peripherals | POR, PWM, WDT |
| Series | HC16 |
| 封裝 | 144-LQFP (20x20 mm) |
| 安裝類型 | Surface Mount |
| Instruction Set Compatibility | M68HC11 (upward code compatible) |
| Intermodule Bus | Yes (IMB) |
| RoHS 狀態 | Compliant |
MC68HC16Z1CAG25 腳位配置
| 腳位 1 | DATA0 — External data bus bit 0 |
| 腳位 2 | DATA1 — External data bus bit 1 |
| 腳位 3 | DATA2 — External data bus bit 2 |
| 腳位 4 | DATA3 — External data bus bit 3 |
| 腳位 5 | GND — Ground |
| 腳位 6 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| 腳位 7 | ADDR0 — External address bus bit 0 |
| 腳位 8 | ADDR1 — External address bus bit 1 |
| 腳位 9 | ADDR2 — External address bus bit 2 |
| 腳位 10 | ADDR3 — External address bus bit 3 |
| 腳位 11 | XTAL — Crystal oscillator input |
| 腳位 12 | EXTAL — External clock input |
| 腳位 13 | RESET — Reset input, active low |
| 腳位 14 | IRQ — External interrupt request |
| 腳位 15 | MODC — Mode select |
| 腳位 16 | TXD — SCI transmit data output |
| 腳位 17 | RXD — SCI receive data input |
| 腳位 18 | MOSI — SPI master-out slave-in |
| 腳位 19 | MISO — SPI master-in slave-out |
| 腳位 20 | SCK — SPI serial clock |
| 腳位 21 | PWM0 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 0 |
| 腳位 22 | PWM1 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 1 |
| 腳位 23 | PWM2 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 2 |
| 腳位 24 | PWM3 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 3 |
| 腳位 25 | PWM4 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 4 |
| 腳位 26 | PWM5 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 5 |
| 腳位 27 | PWM6 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 6 |
| 腳位 28 | PWM7 — Pulse Width Modulation channel 7 |
| 腳位 29 | PA0 — Port A bit 0 / GPIO |
| 腳位 30 | PA1 — Port A bit 1 / GPIO |
| 腳位 31 | PA2 — Port A bit 2 / GPIO |
| 腳位 32 | PA3 — Port A bit 3 / GPIO |
| 腳位 33 | PA4 — Port A bit 4 / GPIO |
| 腳位 34 | PA5 — Port A bit 5 / GPIO |
| 腳位 35 | PA6 — Port A bit 6 / GPIO |
| 腳位 36 | PA7 — Port A bit 7 / GPIO |
| 腳位 37 | VPP — Programming voltage (during EPROM programming) |
| 腳位 38 | BKPT — Breakpoint / mode select |
| 腳位 39 | DSO — Development serial output (background debug) |
| 腳位 40 | DSI — Development serial input (background debug) |
| 腳位 41 | TSTME — Test mode enable |
| 腳位 42 | VDDH — High-voltage supply (for Flash) |
| 腳位 43 | GND — Ground |
| 腳位 44 | CS0 — Chip select 0 |
| 腳位 45 | CS1 — Chip select 1 |
| 腳位 46 | CS2 — Chip select 2 |
| 腳位 47 | CS3 — Chip select 3 |
| 腳位 48 | OE — Output enable |
| 腳位 49 | WE — Write enable |
| 腳位 50 | AVEC — Autovector request |
| 腳位 51 | IPIPE0 — Instruction pipe signal 0 |
| 腳位 52 | IPIPE1 — Instruction pipe signal 1 |
| 腳位 53 | IFETCH — Instruction fetch indicator |
| 腳位 54 | FREEZE — Freeze indicator |
| 腳位 55 | ADDR4 — External address bus bit 4 |
| 腳位 56 | ADDR5 — External address bus bit 5 |
| 腳位 57 | ADDR6 — External address bus bit 6 |
| 腳位 58 | ADDR7 — External address bus bit 7 |
| 腳位 59 | ADDR8 — External address bus bit 8 |
| 腳位 60 | ADDR9 — External address bus bit 9 |
| 腳位 61 | ADDR10 — External address bus bit 10 |
| 腳位 62 | ADDR11 — External address bus bit 11 |
| 腳位 63 | ADDR12 — External address bus bit 12 |
| 腳位 64 | ADDR13 — External address bus bit 13 |
| 腳位 65 | ADDR14 — External address bus bit 14 |
| 腳位 66 | ADDR15 — External address bus bit 15 |
| 腳位 67 | ADDR16 — External address bus bit 16 |
| 腳位 68 | ADDR17 — External address bus bit 17 |
| 腳位 69 | ADDR18 — External address bus bit 18 |
| 腳位 70 | ADDR19 — External address bus bit 19 |
| 腳位 71 | ADDR20 — External address bus bit 20 |
| 腳位 72 | ADDR21 — External address bus bit 21 |
| 腳位 73 | ADDR22 — External address bus bit 22 |
| 腳位 74 | ADDR23 — External address bus bit 23 |
| 腳位 75 | DATA4 — External data bus bit 4 |
| 腳位 76 | DATA5 — External data bus bit 5 |
| 腳位 77 | DATA6 — External data bus bit 6 |
| 腳位 78 | DATA7 — External data bus bit 7 |
| 腳位 79 | DATA8 — External data bus bit 8 |
| 腳位 80 | DATA9 — External data bus bit 9 |
| 腳位 81 | DATA10 — External data bus bit 10 |
| 腳位 82 | DATA11 — External data bus bit 11 |
| 腳位 83 | DATA12 — External data bus bit 12 |
| 腳位 84 | DATA13 — External data bus bit 13 |
| 腳位 85 | DATA14 — External data bus bit 14 |
| 腳位 86 | DATA15 — External data bus bit 15 |
| 腳位 87 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| 腳位 88 | GND — Ground |
| 腳位 89 | PC0 — Port C bit 0 / GPIO |
| 腳位 90 | PC1 — Port C bit 1 / GPIO |
| 腳位 91 | PC2 — Port C bit 2 / GPIO |
| 腳位 92 | PC3 — Port C bit 3 / GPIO |
| 腳位 93 | PC4 — Port C bit 4 / GPIO |
| 腳位 94 | PC5 — Port C bit 5 / GPIO |
| 腳位 95 | PC6 — Port C bit 6 / GPIO |
| 腳位 96 | PC7 — Port C bit 7 / GPIO |
| 腳位 97 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| 腳位 98 | GND — Ground |
| 腳位 99 | TCLK — Timer clock input |
| 腳位 100 | TIOA0 — Timer I/O channel A0 |
| 腳位 101 | TIOB0 — Timer I/O channel B0 |
| 腳位 102 | TIOA1 — Timer I/O channel A1 |
| 腳位 103 | TIOB1 — Timer I/O channel B1 |
| 腳位 104 | TIOA2 — Timer I/O channel A2 |
| 腳位 105 | TIOB2 — Timer I/O channel B2 |
| 腳位 106 | TIOA3 — Timer I/O channel A3 |
| 腳位 107 | TIOB3 — Timer I/O channel B3 |
| 腳位 108 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| 腳位 109 | GND — Ground |
| 腳位 110 | PE0 — Port E bit 0 / GPIO |
| 腳位 111 | PE1 — Port E bit 1 / GPIO |
| 腳位 112 | PE2 — Port E bit 2 / GPIO |
| 腳位 113 | PE3 — Port E bit 3 / GPIO |
| 腳位 114 | PE4 — Port E bit 4 / GPIO |
| 腳位 115 | PE5 — Port E bit 5 / GPIO |
| 腳位 116 | PE6 — Port E bit 6 / GPIO |
| 腳位 117 | PE7 — Port E bit 7 / GPIO |
| 腳位 118 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| 腳位 119 | GND — Ground |
| 腳位 120 | PF0 — Port F bit 0 / GPIO |
| 腳位 121 | PF1 — Port F bit 1 / GPIO |
| 腳位 122 | PF2 — Port F bit 2 / GPIO |
| 腳位 123 | PF3 — Port F bit 3 / GPIO |
| 腳位 124 | PF4 — Port F bit 4 / GPIO |
| 腳位 125 | PF5 — Port F bit 5 / GPIO |
| 腳位 126 | PF6 — Port F bit 6 / GPIO |
| 腳位 127 | PF7 — Port F bit 7 / GPIO |
| 腳位 128 | VDD — Digital supply voltage |
| 腳位 129 | GND — Ground |
| 腳位 130 | AN0 — Analog input channel 0 (ADC reference) |
| 腳位 131 | AN1 — Analog input channel 1 |
| 腳位 132 | AN2 — Analog input channel 2 |
| 腳位 133 | AN3 — Analog input channel 3 |
| 腳位 134 | AN4 — Analog input channel 4 |
| 腳位 135 | AN5 — Analog input channel 5 |
| 腳位 136 | AN6 — Analog input channel 6 |
| 腳位 137 | AN7 — Analog input channel 7 |
| 腳位 138 | VSSA — Analog ground |
| 腳位 139 | VDDA — Analog supply voltage |
| 腳位 140 | VRL — ADC reference low |
| 腳位 141 | VRH — ADC reference high |
| 腳位 142 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| 腳位 143 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| 腳位 144 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
典型應用
MC68HC16Z1CAG25 適用於 7 應用s: Automotive Body Control Module, Industrial Motor Control, Engine Management Unit (Legacy), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Module, Medical Monitoring Instrument (Legacy), HVAC Climate Control System, Industrial Sensor Hub / Data Logger.
Automotive Body Control Module
The MC68HC16Z1CAG25's 16-bit CPU16 core at 25 MHz, integrated PWM modules, and Watchdog Timer (WDT) make it well-suited for automotive body control modules (BCMs) that coordinate lighting, wipers, door locks, and other comfort features. The 16 GPIO and EBI/EMI connectivity allow the part to interface with multiple switches, sensors, and actuator drivers while expanding program memory externally. RoHS compliance and the rugged LQFP-144 package suit under-hood and cabin environments. Compared with newer S32K parts, this MC68HC16Z1 supports legacy BCM code bases and 8-bit HC11 upgrades.
推薦
Industrial Motor Control
Industrial motor drives benefit from the MC68HC16Z1CAG25's PWM peripherals, 25 MHz CPU16 throughput, and Watchdog Timer for safe operation in variable-frequency drives and stepper controllers. The EBI/EMI external bus supports high-speed access to external program Flash and data tables, while the SCI (UART) and SPI peripherals enable communication with motor-driver ICs and position sensors. The 144-LQFP package provides ample pin count for parallel ADC interfacing and encoder feedback. Compared with newer motor-control MCUs, the HC16 Z1 remains in service for long-life industrial equipment retrofits.
推薦
Engine Management Unit (Legacy)
The MC68HC16Z1CAG25 was originally targeted at engine management units (ECUs) requiring deterministic 16-bit control with timer-based PWM generation and Watchdog supervision. Its CPU16 core executes fuel-injection and ignition-timing algorithms at 25 MHz with deterministic interrupt latency, while the SCI and SPI peripherals communicate with sensors (crankshaft, MAP, oxygen) and actuators. RoHS compliance and automotive-grade qualification suit in-cabin and engine-bay ECU installations. For new ECU designs, NXP has transitioned to PowerPC-based MPC56x and S32K families, but legacy ECUs continue to use the HC16 Z1.
推薦
Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) Module
In PLC I/O modules and industrial controllers, the MC68HC16Z1CAG25 provides 16-bit processing, multiple serial interfaces (SCI/SPI), and an external bus interface (EBI) for I/O expansion. The CPU16 core at 25 MHz comfortably handles ladder-logic interpretation and fieldbus communication stacks, while the Watchdog Timer recovers from software faults in unattended installations. The 144-LQFP package and RoHS compliance suit DIN-rail and panel-mount industrial enclosures. Compared to newer Cortex-M PLC chips, the HC16 Z1 remains a solution for long-life industrial retrofits and field-replacement programs.
推薦
Medical Monitoring Instrument (Legacy)
The MC68HC16Z1CAG25's CPU16 core at 25 MHz, deterministic interrupt response, and Watchdog Timer fit legacy medical monitoring instruments such as infusion pumps and patient monitors that require predictable execution and built-in fault recovery. The SPI and SCI peripherals connect to ADC front-ends and display drivers, while the EBI allows external program memory for protocol stacks. Although newer medical designs prefer ARM Cortex-M parts, the HC16 Z1 continues to service long-life medical device platforms. Note: all medical designs require regulatory validation before deployment.
推薦
HVAC Climate Control System
Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) climate controllers benefit from the MC68HC16Z1CAG25's PWM outputs (for valve and damper actuators), SCI for inter-module communication, and Watchdog Timer for unattended-operation safety. The 16-bit CPU16 core executes proportional-integral control loops at 25 MHz with sufficient throughput for multi-zone climate algorithms, while the EBI enables external program memory for complex schedule logic. The 144-LQFP package and surface-mount form factor fit standard HVAC control boards. Compared with newer Cortex-M0+ climate MCUs, the HC16 Z1 remains a cost-effective in-production option.
推薦
Industrial Sensor Hub / Data Logger
The MC68HC16Z1CAG25 fits industrial sensor hubs and data loggers that aggregate analog inputs, run local processing, and forward data via SCI/SPI. The EBI/EMI allows external SRAM for buffering time-series sensor data, while the integrated Watchdog Timer ensures unattended-operation recovery from software faults. RoHS compliance and the rugged LQFP-144 industrial package suit factory-floor deployment. Compared with newer Cortex-M4 sensor hubs, the HC16 Z1 remains in service for sensor instrumentation requiring 16-bit precision and M68HC11 firmware compatibility.
推薦
推薦產品摘要
工程參考資料，適用於 MC68HC16Z1CAG25 — 比較、設計指引及合規資訊。
選型指南
與替代品比較
| 參數 | 本產品 | MC68HC16Z2CAG25 | MC68HC16Z3CAG25 | MC68HC16Z4CAG25 | MC68HC16Z1CEAG25 | MC68CK16Z4CAG25 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors |
| Package | 144-LQFP (20x20) | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same |
| Core | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) | CPU16 (16-bit) |
| Maximum Clock Speed | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 25 MHz |
| Program Memory | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless |
| Connectivity | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI | EBI/EMI, SCI, SPI |
| Peripherals | POR, PWM, WDT | POR, PWM, WDT (expanded) | POR, PWM, WDT (expanded) | POR, PWM, WDT (expanded) | POR, PWM, WDT | POR, PWM, WDT (communications-rich) |
| Temperature Grade | Standard | Standard | Standard | Standard | Extended | Standard |
主要差異化特點
- Same 144-LQFP footprint with more on-chip memory in higher Z-series variants (對比MC68HC16Z4CAG25)
- In-family communications-rich variant for networked MCU applications (對比MC68CK16Z4CAG25)
- Extended temperature grade variant available (對比MC68HC16Z1CEAG25)
- Upward code-compatible with the M68HC11 family (對比MC68HC11F1CPU4)
- Higher in-family peripheral density than Z1 in the same package (對比MC68HC16Z2CAG25)
設計說明
Decouple each VDD/VDDH/VDDA pin pair individually with a 0.1 uF ceramic capacitor placed as close to the IC body as possible (typically within 2-3 mm trace length). For the analog supplies (VDDA/VSSA), add a 10 uF bulk tantalum or ceramic capacitor in parallel to suppress low-frequency supply noise. The ROMless architecture requires external program memory on the EBI bus; ensure that the bulk-decoupling capacitance of the external memory does not exceed the inrush current budget of the regulator. Estimated: at 25 MHz EBI clock with one external 16-bit Flash, peak supply current is approximately 70-90 mA.
Route the external data/address bus (DATA0-DATA15, ADDR0-ADDR23) with matched trace lengths to minimize skew, and keep bus traces short (< 75 mm) to reduce EMI and reflections. Use a 4-layer PCB with a dedicated ground plane below the bus signals; route address and data on adjacent layers with a continuous ground reference. Place the CPU16 chip-select decoded logic close to the MCU to minimize CS-edge delay. The 144-LQFP package's 0.5 mm pin pitch requires reflow solder profile per IPC/JEDEC J-STD-020.
Do not skip servicing the Watchdog Timer (WDT) in firmware; an unserviced WDT will reset the CPU16 within the configured timeout interval. Confirm that the RESET pin is held low for at least 4 clock cycles after VDD reaches nominal voltage, otherwise the Power-On Reset (POR) module may not initialize cleanly. Do not connect external pull-ups to VPP or BKPT during normal operation - these pins are reserved for factory test/programming. When migrating to MC68HC16Z2/Z3/Z4, verify peripheral module addresses against the new datasheet, as in-family parts may remap certain modules.
Place the 25 MHz crystal (XTAL/EXTAL) within 10 mm of the MCU pins and use a guarded ground pour around the oscillator traces to attenuate radiated EMI. Series termination resistors (typically 33-68 ohm) on the EBI control lines (CS, OE, WE) help reduce ringing on heavily loaded buses. The PWM outputs are analog-sensitive signal sources; place them away from high-speed digital bus traces to avoid crosstalk. Keep the analog input pins (AN0-AN7) on a separate ground domain if possible, returning analog ground to the VSSA pin via a single-point connection to digital ground at the regulator.
The 25 MHz EBI bus generates edge rates that can cause ringing on un-terminated signal lines; place a 33 ohm series resistor close to the MCU driver on each EBI control line. Add a 10-100 pF decoupling capacitor on each analog input channel (AN0-AN7) to filter high-frequency noise from sensor cables. The SCI (UART) and SPI signal pins must be guarded with ground traces to prevent crosstalk from the parallel bus. Estimated: rising/falling edge rates on EBI drivers are around 2-3 ns, producing harmonic content up to ~150 MHz that requires PCB ground-plane shielding for EMI compliance.
合規資訊
RoHS compliant per NXP product page. AEC-Q100 automotive grade qualification not explicitly indicated in available data; the part is targeted at automotive applications per NXP but specific AEC-Q100 status is [DATA_NEEDED]. Halogen-free status is not stated in the available sources.
