Power Management
Subcategories
Products (2,800+)
PM450CGC060 - 450A 600V IPM Power Module | Mitsubishi Electric
The Mitsubishi Electric PM450CGC060 is a 450 A, 600 V Intelligent Power Module (IPM) from the G-series, integrating a three-phase IGBT inverter bridge with isolated gate drivers and protection circuitry in a flat-base, insulated package designed for industrial motor drives. An Intelligent Power Module (IPM) is a highly integrated power semiconductor that combines the IGBT switching devices, anti-parallel freewheeling diodes, gate drive circuits, and multi-channel protection (short-circuit, over-temperature, under-voltage) inside one isolated housing. The IPM sits in the power electronics hierarchy between discrete IGBT modules and full digital inverter platforms, simplifying the design of three-phase PWM inverters by eliminating the need for separate gate drivers and external protection logic. Key features of the PM450CGC060 include a 600 V collector-emitter voltage rating, 450 A nominal output current per phase, low-loss third-generation planar IGBT technology, soft Vce(sat) characteristics, and built-in short-circuit, over-temperature, and under-voltage lockout protection. The module uses an insulated metal substrate with a flat-base mounting structure for direct heatsink attachment, providing low thermal resistance between the chip junction and the cooling surface. The internal architecture uses Mitsubishi's CSTBT (Carrier-Stored Trench-gate Bipolar Transistor) technology, which optimizes the trade-off between conduction loss and switching loss. An integrated HVIC gate driver allows direct logic-level PWM input from 3 A microcontroller or DSP, eliminating the need for opto-coupler isolation in many designs. The on-board thermistor enables real-time junction temperature monitoring for derating and predictive maintenance. Typical end-use applications include general-purpose AC motor drives (VFDs), industrial servo amplifiers, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and solar/renewable power inverters. It is also used in HVAC compressor drives, elevator motor controllers, and welding power conversion stages where high reliability and compact integration are required. When designing with the PM450CGC060, ensure the DC bus capacitance is sized to limit ripple and provide sufficient energy during short-circuit events. Use a symmetrical gate-driver layout with short, twisted control wiring, and follow the creepage/clearance guidelines in the datasheet for the AC mains side of the system. This page combines the verified manufacturer datasheet parameters with cross-brand reference data and pricing examples, offering engineering context beyond what is included in the original Mitsubishi datasheet document.
PM8800A - IEEE 802.3af PoE-PD Controller with PWM | ST
The STMicroelectronics PM8800A is an integrated IEEE 802.3af compliant Power over Ethernet (PoE) powered device (PD) interface combined with a current mode PWM controller, housed in a 16-pin HTSSOP package. It accepts input voltages up to 100 V (absolute maximum -0.3 V to 100 V per the FindIC product overview) and supports 1-channel PoE power conversion. A PoE powered device interface is the front-end circuit that detects, classifies, and connects a device drawing power from an Ethernet cable, while a PWM (pulse width modulation) controller governs the switching converter that transforms the extracted PoE voltage into the system's working rails. Together, these functions form the core of the power-management hierarchy in any 802.3af-powered end equipment such as IP cameras, wireless access points, and VoIP phones. Key features of the PM8800A include full IEEE 802.3af compliance for detection and classification, integration of the PD interface hot-swap MOSFET control, and a current mode PWM modulator for tight cycle-by-cycle current control. Current mode control simplifies loop compensation, gives inherent cycle current limiting, and improves line transient response compared with voltage mode schemes. Technically, the PM8800A is a monolithic device: ST embeds the PoE PD handshake logic (detection, classification, inrush limiting) and the switching controller on a single die, reducing external component count and board area versus a two-chip discrete solution. The 16-HTSSOP power package provides an exposed thermal path for dissipating switching and conduction losses in enclosed PoE equipment. Typical applications include IEEE 802.3af powered devices such as network security cameras, 802.11 wireless access points, IP telephones, and any Ethernet-connected equipment where the device design must pass PoE PD conformance requirements while generating regulated low-voltage rails from the extracted cable power. A key design consideration is that the PM8800A additionally supports operation from an external (auxiliary) power source, allowing wall-adapter powered operation to take over from PoE cleanly. Ensure the external source switchover circuitry respects the PD interface timing so the PSE does not disconnect the port. This page synthesizes distributor pricing from DigiKey, Mouser, LCSC and Octopart, drop-in alternative data, and practical design notes not consolidated in the manufacturer datasheet.
PM8805TR - IEEE 802.3bt PoE-PD Controller 57V 2A | STMicroelectronics
The STMicroelectronics PM8805TR is an IEEE 802.3bt Power over Ethernet (PoE) powered device (PD) interface and power system-in-package delivering up to 99.9 W, with a 57 V input rating, 2 A hot-swap output current capability, 33.5 V UVLO threshold, and a 43-pin VFQFPN (8x8 mm) exposed-pad package. A PoE powered device interface is the front-end circuit in any Ethernet-powered equipment that negotiates and extracts power from the PoE link. Within the power-management hierarchy, it sits above the raw powered line and below downstream DC-DC converters: it performs detection, classification, inrush control and isolation before local regulators take over. The PM8805 integrates this interface as a system in package, dramatically reducing external component count. Key features include dual embedded active bridge rectifiers with their own gate driving circuitry, an integrated charge pump to drive high-side hot-swap MOSFETs, a fully compliant 802.3bt PD interface supporting Type 3 and Type 4 power classes, and hot-swap protection. Because the bridge, hot-swap switch and PD controller share one package, board area and BOM cost shrink versus discrete solutions. Technically, the active bridge eliminates the four-schottky-diode rectifier front end, cutting conduction losses and improving overall power conversion efficiency for high-power 802.3bt deliveries. The controller supports 802.3af, 802.3at (PoE+) and 802.3bt on two channels, with undervoltage lockout at 33.5 V ensuring valid PoE voltage before power-up sequencing begins. Typical applications include IEEE 802.3bt wireless access points, IP security cameras, PTZ domes, network switches, video doorbells and any Ethernet-terminal equipment drawing up to 99.9 W from the powered line. When designing with the PM8805, provide a generous exposed-pad thermal connection on the PCB and observe the datasheet layout guidelines for the hot-swap path to manage inrush current and thermal stress during power classification and startup. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, application guidance, and availability information not found in the manufacturer datasheet, as of 2026-10-19.
POWERSTEP01 - 10A SPI Stepper Motor Driver | STMicroelectronics
STMicroelectronics POWERSTEP01 is a bipolar stepper-motor driver system-in-package with eight integrated N-channel power MOSFETs, an SPI-programmable motion controller, and support for motor supplies up to 85 V. It is designed to combine digital motion control and power-stage integration in an 89-VFQFPN package measuring 11 mm by 14 mm. The verified product data identifies a 10 A power-MOSFET class device with 16 mΩ MOSFETs and SPI programmable control. A stepper-motor driver is a motion-control integrated circuit that converts digital position and speed commands into controlled current through the phases of a stepper motor. POWERSTEP01 belongs to the motor-driver and power-management hierarchy: it combines a programmable controller, gate-drive functions, eight N-channel MOSFETs, and protection circuitry. This integration reduces the number of external power components while retaining digital control over speed profiles and positioning calculations. The key feature set centers on the integrated eight-MOSFET power stage, each specified at 16 mΩ in the manufacturer description. The SPI interface allows a host controller to configure motion behavior and retrieve or manage operating functions digitally. The device is intended for demanding motor-control applications where integration, high-voltage operation, and programmable positioning are valuable. Because the package also contains power semiconductors, thermal design, current derating, PCB copper, and motor-supply filtering remain essential. The manufacturer describes POWERSTEP01 as a system-in-package integrating a microstepping controller and 10 A power MOSFETs. Its programmable motion architecture supports speed-profile generation and positioning calculations rather than relying solely on a fixed external step-generation sequence. This makes it suitable for systems where the host processor needs flexible motion configuration, repeatability, and compact implementation. Typical applications include automated machinery, laboratory equipment, CNC and positioning stages, robotics, printers, and industrial motion modules. In each case, the device can sit between a digital controller and a bipolar stepper motor while the motor supply supplies the higher-voltage power domain. The low-voltage logic interface remains distinct from the motor bus, allowing careful isolation, grounding, and signal-integrity design. For implementation, follow the manufacturer datasheet for the exact pinout, electrical limits, thermal conditions, protection thresholds, and recommended PCB layout. Do not assume that a 10 A classification permits 10 A continuously in every motor or ambient condition. The verified information does not provide detailed timing, current-limit, protection-threshold, or package-performance values, so those parameters remain [DATA_NEEDED] and must be confirmed from the datasheet. This page consolidates the verified manufacturer and distributor references, separates confirmed POWERSTEP01 specifications from missing parameters, and provides practical selection and integration guidance for engineers evaluating the device in high-voltage stepper-motion systems.
POWERSTEP01TR - 10A 85V Stepper Motor Driver SPI | STMicro
The STMicroelectronics POWERSTEP01TR is a system-in-package bipolar stepper motor driver integrating a microstepping controller and 8 N-channel 16 mOhm power MOSFETs rated up to 85 V and 10 A, housed in an 89-pin VFQFPN (11x14 mm) exposed-pad package. A stepper motor driver is a power management device that converts digital step and direction commands into precisely sequenced phase currents in a bipolar stepper motor. Within the motion control hierarchy, it sits between the host MCU and the motor windings, replacing discrete gate drivers, MOSFET bridges, and current-sense circuitry with a single SPI-configurable IC. Key features include full digital motion control through speed profile generation and positioning calculations performed on-chip, SPI programmability of all operating parameters, an operating supply range of 7.5 V to 85 V, and up to 10 A output current capability. The integrated 16 mOhm MOSFETs minimize conduction losses, while advanced current control and protection features (overcurrent, thermal) improve system reliability. Technically, the powerSTEP01 executes microstepping current control autonomously, offloading the host processor from real-time phase sequencing. The SPI interface allows configuration of step mode, phase current, acceleration and deceleration profiles, and stall/limit thresholds, simplifying firmware compared to external-step-input drivers. Typical applications include CNC machines, 3D printers, industrial automation, robotics, and textile or packaging machinery, wherever high-current bipolar stepper motors require quiet, accurate microstepping under MCU supervision. Design consideration: the 89-VFQFPN package dissipates significant power at 10 A; the exposed pad must be soldered to a large copper pour or heatsink, and thermal performance must be validated at maximum load. This page adds value beyond the datasheet by synthesizing distributor pricing, package data, and application guidance in one reference.
PS21563-SP - 600V/10A Mini-DIP IPM, 3-Phase IGBT Inverter | Powerex
The Powerex PS21563-SP is a 600V/10A Mini-DIP Intelligent Power Module (IPM) integrating a 5th-generation low-loss three-phase IGBT inverter bridge, high-voltage gate drivers, and comprehensive protection circuitry in a compact dual-in-line transfer-molded package. The module delivers up to 10A continuous collector current at 600V and provides open-emitter outputs designed for small three-phase motor drive applications. With 2500Vrms isolation voltage and built-in HVIC drivers, the PS21563-SP eliminates the need for external gate drive optocouplers and significantly reduces inverter design time. What is an Intelligent Power Module? An IPM (Intelligent Power Module) is a highly integrated hybrid power device that combines IGBT switches, anti-parallel diodes, gate drive HVICs, and fault protection logic in a single transfer-molded package. IPMs sit within the broader hierarchy: power semiconductor -> power module -> IPM -> inverter power stage. They are widely used to shrink PCB area, reduce EMI, and improve reliability compared to discrete IGBT + driver solutions, because the gate drive timing and protection thresholds are pre-engineered by the silicon vendor. Key features of the PS21563-SP include 600V collector-emitter voltage rating, 10A continuous output current per phase, 20A peak output current capability, and built-in protections for short-circuit (SC), under-voltage lockout (UVLO) on each control supply, and over-temperature shutdown. The control logic is 3.3V/5V CMOS-compatible, allowing direct interface with microcontrollers and DSP motor-control peripherals. The 25-pin Mini-DIP transfer-mold package provides 2500Vrms isolation and is optimized for PCB-mount inverter designs where heatsinking is via the mounting base. Architecturally, the PS21563-SP uses 5th-generation IGBT technology with a CSTBT (Carrier-Stored Trench-Gate Bipolar Transistor) structure, achieving lower VCE(sat) and switching losses than prior generations. Each phase leg includes an integrated bootstrap diode and floating supply architecture, allowing a single +15V control rail to drive all three high-side IGBTs through the internal charge pumps. The open-emitter configuration supports both sensored (FOC) and sensorless BLDC/PMSM control algorithms. Typical applications include small three-phase motor drives such as washing machine drum motors, refrigerator compressors, fan and pump inverters, small HVAC blowers, and industrial servo drives up to 750W. The wide control supply range (13.5V to 16.5V) makes it tolerant of regulated 15V rails in industrial 24V bus systems. Design considerations include keeping the P-N1 snubber loop short (≤0.1-0.22μF snubber recommended), placing a 24V/1W Zener diode on each control supply terminal for surge protection, and providing sufficient copper pour on the module base for thermal dissipation (typical Rth(j-c) requires heatsink at sustained loads above 5A). This page synthesizes distributor pricing, Mini-DIP IPM drop-in alternatives from the Powerex/Mitsubishi SuperMini DIP family, and practical layout guidance not aggregated in the manufacturer datasheet.
PSSI2021SAY115 - 50mA Constant Current Source SOT-353 | Nexperia
The Nexperia PSSI2021SAY115 is a resistor-equipped PNP transistor integrated with two diodes on a single die, packaged in a 5-lead SOT-353 (SC-88A, UMT5) surface-mount housing, and function as a programmable constant current source. According to the Nexperia product page, it delivers a stabilized output current between 15 uA and 50 mA by selecting one external resistor between pins 4 and 5, with a maximum supply input of 75 V and a total power dissipation of 335 mW. The device is supplied on Tape & Reel (115 suffix) and is RoHS compliant, making it suitable for high-density automated assembly. A constant current source is a fundamental building block in modern electronics that delivers a load current independent of supply voltage, temperature, and load impedance variations. The PSSI2021SAY115 belongs to the discrete semiconductor family of current regulators, which sit hierarchically under transistors, then semiconductor devices. By integrating the bias resistor and two steering diodes together with the pass transistor on one chip, Nexperia eliminates the need for multiple discretes, reduces PCB area, and improves matching between the reference diodes and the PNP base-emitter junction. This integration delivers better temperature coefficient than discrete equivalents because the on-chip elements track each other across temperature. Key features include a wide programmable output range from 15 uA to 50 mA, a high 75 V input voltage rating for direct connection to industrial rails, low temperature drift due to monolithic construction, and a miniature SOT-353 footprint measuring only 2.0 x 1.25 mm. The device requires no additional bias network beyond the single external resistor, simplifying BOM and reducing design risk. Architecturally, the PSSI2021SAY115 uses the base-emitter junction of the PNP transistor as the reference element, with the two series diodes compensating the VBE temperature coefficient. The external resistor sets the reference current through the diodes, which is then mirrored to the output through the PNP pass transistor, providing the regulated load current. This topology provides stable biasing even at low output currents where discrete designs typically struggle. Typical applications include LED driver circuits, biasing of sensor bridges, precision reference currents for instrumentation amplifiers, battery chargers, and active loads. The SOT-353 package makes it particularly suitable for compact portable designs and high-density PCB layouts where board area is at a premium. When designing with this device, ensure the external resistor has a tolerance of 1% or better and adequate voltage rating. Power dissipation is calculated as (Vin - Vload) multiplied by Iout; verify this against the 335 mW maximum rating. The output pin should be decoupled with a small capacitor if driving fast transient loads to prevent oscillation. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in SOT-353 alternatives, and practical design notes that supplement the manufacturer datasheet, supporting both parametric searches and engineering reference workflows.
PTH04T241W - 10A, 2.2-5.5V Input POL Power Module | TI
The Texas Instruments PTH04T241W is a 10-A rated, non-isolated point-of-load (POL) DC-DC converter power module operating from a 2.2V to 5.5V input with a wide adjustable output of 0.69V to 3.6V, set by a single external resistor. The module is optimized for all-ceramic output capacitor designs and belongs to the second generation of the popular PTH series, offering a reduced footprint and additional features over the original family. A non-isolated power module is a complete DC-DC converter that integrates the PWM controller, power MOSFETs, inductor, and compensation network into a single surface-mount package, delivering a regulated output without galvanic isolation. Such modules sit within the voltage regulator hierarchy, specifically the buck (step-down) DC-DC converter family of power management ICs, and dramatically reduce design time versus discrete converter implementations. Key features include up to 96% efficiency, a total output voltage variation of only plus/minus 1.5%, and TurboTrans technology, which lets a single resistor tailor transient response and reduce required output capacitance. Remote sense, output voltage sequencing, and under-voltage lockout support reliable multi-rail systems. Internally, the PTH04T241W uses a synchronous buck topology with integrated MOSFETs and fixed-frequency PWM control. The TurboTrans control loop optimization allows engineers to meet aggressive load-step requirements typical of modern processors without oversizing capacitors, while the all-ceramic-capacitor optimization lowers ESR-related losses and improves long-term reliability since ceramic capacitors do not wear out like electrolytics. Typical applications include powering DSPs, FPGAs, ASICs, and microprocessors in networking, telecom, and data-communication equipment, where 3.3V or 5V intermediate buses must be stepped down to low core voltages at ampere-level loads. The compact footprint suits space-constrained line cards and blades. When designing, size the TurboTrans resistor to the expected load transient, follow datasheet input/output capacitor recommendations, and account for thermal dissipation at high output current using adequate PCB copper area.
PTH05050WAZ - 6A 5V-In Wide-Output Adjust PoL Module | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments PTH05050WAZ is a 6 A, 5 V-input non-isolated wide-output-adjust Power Module with Auto-Track sequencing, packaged in a 6-pin DIPMODULE (EUV) surface-mount form factor. It accepts a 4.5 V to 5.5 V input and produces an adjustable output from 0.8 V to 3.6 V at up to 6 A continuous load, delivering 21.6 W of output power with efficiencies as high as 95 percent and a power density of 135 W/in³. The 'Z' suffix designates a Pb-free, RoHS-compliant surface-mount termination suitable for lead-free reflow. A non-isolated Point-of-Load (PoL) DC-DC module is a fully integrated switching converter that mounts directly next to a load on the same printed circuit board as its load IC, eliminating the intermediate bulk converter stage and the parasitic losses of long power-trace runs. PoL modules sit within the broader hierarchy of DC-DC converters, which in turn belong to the power management semiconductor category that converts and regulates voltage rails in distributed power architectures. Key features of the PTH05050WAZ include pre-bias start-up for safe paralleling with other supplies, an output ON/OFF inhibit input, Margin Up/Down control pins for board-level testing, Auto-Track sequencing that lets multiple modules ramp together or track an external rail, and the surface-mount through-hole DIPMODULE footprint that combines low-inductance SMT pads with mechanical through-hole pins. The wide-output-adjust range (0.8 V to 3.6 V) covers the core voltages of modern DSPs, FPGAs, ASICs, and DDR memory rails. Architecturally, the PTH05050WAZ is built around a synchronous buck topology with integrated power MOSFETs, a power inductor, and control IC all inside the module body. This integration removes the need for external magnetics design and significantly reduces radiated EMI by keeping the high-di/dt loop inside the package, while still delivering high efficiency across the 4.5 V to 5.5 V nominal 5 V intermediate bus. Typical applications include 5 V intermediate-bus architectures powering low-voltage DSPs, FPGAs, ASICs, and DDR memory; telecom and networking line cards requiring sequenced multi-rail power; industrial controllers and distributed-power systems; and any board that needs a compact, high-efficiency point-of-load converter with sequencing and margining built in. When designing with this part, follow the manufacturer's recommended input/output capacitor values, sequence rails using Auto-Track, and pay attention to derating at high ambient temperatures above 55 °C. The PTH05050WAZ is a member of the well-known TI PTH/POL family, making it drop-in compatible with several 6 A, 5 V-input siblings.
PTH05T210W - 30A, 5V Input PoL Power Module | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments PTH05T210W is a high-performance 30-A rated, non-isolated point-of-load (PoL) DC-DC converter power module using a multi-phase switch-mode topology. It operates from a 4.5V to 5.5V input and delivers a wide adjustable output voltage from 0.7V to 3.6V, targeting low-voltage, high-current loads in space-constrained systems. This second-generation PTH-series module offers a reduced footprint and improved features over the original PTH family. A non-isolated PoL module is a type of DC-DC converter (part of the broader voltage regulator / power management IC hierarchy) that steps a distribution rail down to a regulated low voltage close to the load, without galvanic isolation. It integrates the controller, power MOSFETs, inductor, and loop compensation into one packaged module, replacing dozens of discrete components and dramatically shortening power-supply design cycles. Key features include TI's proprietary TurboTrans technology, which lets designers optimize transient response and reduce required output capacitance, and Auto-Track sequencing for controlled power-up/down of multiple modules. Output voltage adjust is accomplished with a single external resistor, and the module provides remote sense for tight load regulation plus a power-good flag for system supervision. Multi-phase operation achieves high efficiency (typically around 96% for 5V-in to 3.3V-out per TI data) while minimizing output ripple. Architecturally, the multi-phase topology interleaves switching channels so ripple currents partially cancel, allowing smaller magnetics and faster load-transient response than single-phase bucks at 30 A. The open-frame module construction aids airflow cooling in forced-air systems. Typical applications include powering DSPs, FPGAs, ASICs, and microprocessors in telecom, networking, server, storage, and industrial equipment. The 30-A capability and wide output range also fit test and measurement platforms. Design consideration: follow the datasheet input/output capacitance recommendations to maintain stability and transient response; TurboTrans pin settings should be tuned to the actual output capacitor network for best performance.
PVT412PBF - 400V 140mA SPST-NO Photo-Voltaic Relay | Infineon
The Infineon PVT412PBF is a 400 V, 140 mA AC / 210 mA DC single-pole normally-open (SPST-NO, 1 Form A) Photo-Voltaic (PV) solid-state relay (SSR) built on Infineon's HEXFET Power MOSFET photovoltaic-relay technology and housed in a 6-pin DIP (0.300 inch / 7.62 mm) through-hole package. A photovoltaic relay is a semiconductor switching device that uses a stack of optically-driven photovoltaic cells to generate the gate-bias voltage needed to turn on two back-to-back MOSFET outputs, eliminating the need for an external DC bias supply on the load side. Within the broader power-management hierarchy, a PV relay belongs to the solid-state relay family (SSR > Photo-Voltaic Relay > MOSFET-output SSR > semiconductor switch), bridging the gap between optocouplers and full electromechanical relays while offering unlimited on/off cycles and bounce-free switching. Key specifications include a 0 V to 400 V load-voltage range, 140 mA on-state AC current / 210 mA DC, an on-resistance around 35 ohm at full conduction, an off-state blocking voltage of 400 V, and a linear AC/DC input LED drive requirement of approximately 5 mA typical (10 mA max). The output MOSFETs are bidirectional back-to-back N-channel HEXFET die pairs, providing symmetrical AC switching or polarity-insensitive DC switching with no moving parts. Internally, an AlGaAs infrared LED optically couples to a monolithically-integrated photovoltaic cell stack; under forward LED current the PV cells generate ~13 V to gate the output MOSFET pair, producing a clean, low-leakage, bounce-free closure. Because there is no wear mechanism, the relay supports millions of cycles and provides 5 kV input-to-output isolation, making it ideal for telecom line cards, instrumentation multiplexing, and other high-surge environments where electromechanical relays fail prematurely. Typical applications include telecom line-interface cards (SLIC/ringing), instrumentation multiplexing, ATE reed-relay replacement, battery-monitoring multiplexers in 48 V telecom racks, industrial process control, and medical equipment isolation. Its 0-400 V blocking range covers 120/240 VAC mains and 48/60/110/220 VDC battery rails. Designers should ensure input LED current stays within 5 mA typical / 10 mA maximum, add a snubber for inductive AC loads, and observe that pin 1 / pin 2 are the input LED anode/cathode while pins 4 / 6 form the MOSFET output. For surge-sensitive applications, choose the related PVT412L variant which adds active current-limit circuitry for FCC Part 68 compliance. This page consolidates Infineon datasheet specifications, drop-in compatible 6-DIP photovoltaic-relay alternatives, and practical PCB design guidance beyond the datasheet's typical-application figures.
PXE1110CDMG003XTMA1 - Intel VR12.5/VR13 Digital Controller | Infineon
The Infineon Technologies PXE1110CDMG003XTMA1 is a digital dual-output 1+1 phase PWM controller designed for Intel VR12.5 and VR13 CPU voltage regulation applications, delivered in a 40-pin PG-VQFN-40-13 (QFN 5x5 mm) package with exposed thermal pad. It operates from a 3.0V to 3.6V input supply, supports 6 PWM rail outputs, and provides an SVID/I2C/PMBus-compatible digital interface for in-system telemetry, configuration, and dynamic power-state transitions. A digital multiphase VR controller is a power management integrated circuit (PMIC) that uses firmware-driven state machines and loop compensation to regulate multiphase synchronous buck converter outputs for microprocessors. The hierarchy flows from multiphase VR controller -> DC-DC controller -> power management IC -> semiconductor. Digital controllers replace analog PWM loops with on-chip DSP-based control, enabling per-rail telemetry, adaptive voltage positioning, and Intel-defined VR12.5/VR13 power-state protocols for Xeon and Core-class CPUs. Key differentiating features of the PXE1110CDMG003XTMA1 include its 1+1 dual-loop digital architecture, native Intel VR12.5/VR13 SVID protocol support, integrated PMBus 1.2 telemetry, on-chip non-volatile configuration memory, programmable load-line and dynamic VID slew rates, and 6 integrated MOSFET drivers supporting two independent rails. The controller is part of the Primarion family acquired by Infineon and targets compact, high-efficiency server/workstation motherboards. The PXE1110CDMG003XTMA1 is engineered to drive two independent voltage rails (1+1 phase configuration), with each rail capable of multi-phase expansion via external gate drivers and DrMOS power stages. Internal loop compensation is firmware-defined, eliminating external RC components and reducing BOM count. The PG-VQFN-40-13 package exposes a thermal pad that must be soldered to a top-layer copper pour for stable operation under sustained load. Typical applications include Intel VR12.5/VR13 server and workstation CPU core voltage rails, dual-rail point-of-load converters for Haswell/Broadwell/Skylake-SP-era platforms, enterprise motherboard CPU socket power, and high-performance computing nodes where digital telemetry, adaptive voltage positioning, and PMBus monitoring are required. Designers pair the controller with Infineon (formerly International Rectifier) DrMOS stages such as the TDA215xx family. When designing with this part, follow Infineon's reference layout guide: solder the exposed pad to a minimum 1 square-inch copper pour, place the 3.3V decoupling capacitors within 2 mm of the PVCC/VDD pins, and route the SVID/PMBus traces away from switching-node copper to avoid coupling. Designers must also follow the matching external DrMOS datasheet for the gate-drive timing parameters, which are tuned per silicon revision. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, package diagrams, and drop-in alternatives not found on a single manufacturer datasheet - including the Infineon internal part-numbering breakdown so engineers can confirm that PXE1110CDM-G003 is the bare die variant while PXE1110CDMG003XTMA1 is the tape-and-reel shipping form.
PXE1410CDM-G003 - Infineon Digital Multiphase Power Controller
The Infineon Technologies PXE1410CDM-G003 is a digital multiphase DC-DC switching controller in a PG-VQFN-40-13 package, with the verified distributor listing identifying it as a power-management controller for demanding voltage-regulator designs. Its stated function is digital control of external power stages, making it suitable for high-current server, AI accelerator, and telecom rails when paired with compatible Infineon OptiMOS DrMOS devices. The package and device family place it in the controller category rather than the final power-stage category. A digital multiphase controller coordinates multiple PWM power channels to distribute high output current and reduce the burden on any single stage. In a server or accelerator rail, it can receive configuration and telemetry commands through its digital control interface, while the external DrMOS devices perform the high-current switching. The PXE1410CDM-G003 is therefore a controller component whose final converter performance also depends on the selected power stages, inductors, MOSFETs, sensing network, compensation settings, and PCB implementation. The verified data identifies the part as a VQFN-40 device and describes it as a Primarion digital power controller intended for high-current applications. The available snippets also associate the family with adaptive voltage positioning, precision current and temperature telemetry, and interfaces including PMBus or I2C. These features are useful when a power rail requires programmable control, monitoring, and coordinated phase operation, but exact numerical limits, switching frequency, phase count, voltage range, current rating, thermal resistance, and pin-level electrical limits are not supplied in the provided data. Infineon’s PXE1410CDM-G003 is best evaluated as a platform component rather than a standalone regulator. Designers should select compatible external power stages and confirm all controller requirements against the manufacturer datasheet before layout release. The controller’s digital configuration, phase sequencing, current-sense implementation, fault handling, and thermal telemetry must be validated in the complete converter design rather than inferred from distributor category labels. Typical applications include high-current server voltage rails, AI accelerator power delivery, telecom equipment, and other regulated systems requiring multiple synchronized power stages. The principal design trade-off is flexibility versus implementation complexity: digital multiphase control can improve rail scalability and observability, but it demands careful firmware or host configuration, power-stage coordination, compensation, fault-response design, and high-current PCB layout. The most important layout consideration is keeping the controller, sensing paths, gate-drive connections, and power-stage current loops compact and appropriately partitioned. A multilayer board with short high-current paths, low-inductance switching loops, Kelvin current-sense connections, and controlled return paths is generally preferable to a sprawling two-layer implementation. Use the manufacturer’s recommended application circuit and layout guidance before copying a generic reference design. This page consolidates the verified distributor identity, package information, pricing indication, and available source links for PXE1410CDM-G003, while clearly separating confirmed data from parameters that still require datasheet confirmation.
PXE1610CDNG003XTMA1 - 6+1 Phase VR12.5/VR13 Digital Controller | Infineon
The Infineon PXE1610CDNG003XTMA1 is a digital multi-phase PWM controller from Infineon's PRIMARION family designed for Intel VR12.5 and VR13 CPU power delivery. The device integrates a 6+1 phase configuration in a 48-pin VQFN 6x6 mm package and supports the Intel SVID protocol rev 1.7 with PMBus interface for telemetry and configuration. The memory rail output is compliant with Intel DC-DC converter specifications for memory applications, with a regulation range of 0.5V to 2.5V in 10 mV steps and a second rail from 0.25V to 1.52V in 5 mV steps. A digital multiphase controller is a programmable PWM controller that uses firmware-defined loops to regulate multiple output rails simultaneously, typically replacing legacy analog PWM controllers in server and high-end desktop motherboards. Within the broader system hierarchy, this part sits as a power management IC (PMIC) and a special-purpose switching voltage regulator controller, specifically an Intel VR12.5/VR13-compliant device targeting CPU VCORE and memory rails. Key features include per-phase current sensing, dynamic phase shedding, adaptive voltage positioning, and on-chip non-volatile memory for configuration storage. The 6+1 phase topology allows six phases to be paralleled for high-current VCORE rails plus one dedicated phase for the memory or auxiliary rail, supporting multi-rail/multi-phase operation from a single device. The PXE1610 uses a digital control loop with high-resolution DPWM and ADC sampling to maintain tight output regulation under large load transients. The PMBus interface enables platform telemetry such as output current, temperature, and fault status, and supports black-box fault logging for diagnostic purposes during over-current, over-voltage, and over-temperature events. Typical applications include server motherboards, workstation CPUs, high-end desktop CPUs, and Intel VR12.5/VR13 platforms. The part is also referenced in telecom and networking line cards using Intel-compatible CPU sockets and in embedded computing platforms requiring strict VCORE accuracy. When designing with the PXE1610, ensure that the SVID bus is correctly terminated and that the bootstrap capacitors for the high-side gate drivers are sized per Infineon's reference design. Note that this part is intended for direct use with external DrMOS or gate-driver + MOSFET stages, not as a standalone point-of-load regulator. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found on the Infineon product page alone.
PXM1310CDMG003XTMA1 - VR12.5/VR13 Digital 3+1 DDR Controller | Infineon
The Infineon PXM1310CDMG003XTMA1 is a digital dual-output 3+1 phase PWM controller compliant with Intel VR12.5 and VR13 specifications, designed for high-current CPU/GPU core voltage regulation and DDR memory power in server, workstation, and high-end desktop platforms. Housed in a 40-pin PG-VQFN package with exposed thermal pad, it integrates six PWM outputs plus a peripheral rail to manage both the core voltage regulator and the memory subsystem in a single IC. According to the Infineon Primarion datasheet family, the controller pairs with Infineon PowIRstage devices (such as the TDA21472 or TDA21535) to form a complete multiphase synchronous buck solution. A digital multiphase buck controller is a specialized power management IC that uses firmware-configurable loop compensation, telemetry, and adaptive voltage positioning to deliver tightly regulated core voltages to modern processors. Within the broader power management taxonomy, it sits as a DC-DC controller above simple voltage regulators and below fully integrated power modules; the 3+1 phase architecture specifically allocates three phases to the core rail and one phase to the system agent/graphics sub-rail, which is the typical Intel VR12.5/VR13 topology for desktop and entry-server CPUs. Key features of the PXM1310CDMG003XTMA1 include Intel VR12.5/VR13 protocol support with SVID/I2C telemetry, six PWM outputs for flexible phase assignment, embedded firmware for adaptive voltage positioning and fault response, and per-phase current balancing. The 40-pin PG-VQFN package exposes the thermal pad directly to the PCB copper pour, enabling heat extraction through the top-side power stages rather than through the controller itself. The device uses a state-machine-based digital control loop rather than an analog Type-III compensator, which simplifies design-in by eliminating external compensation components. Telemetry such as output voltage, current, and temperature is reported over PMBus/I2C for closed-loop platform monitoring, while the integrated fault handler protects against over-voltage, under-voltage, over-current, and over-temperature conditions. This architecture replaces what traditionally required a supervisor IC plus analog PWM controller combination. Typical applications include Intel VR12.5/VR13 desktop and server CPU core rails, DDR3/DDR4 memory power (VDDQ and VTT), workstation motherboard voltage regulators, and embedded computing platforms that require PMBus-programmable telemetry. The 3+1 phase configuration suits 95W to 150W TDP processor classes where digital telemetry and adaptive transient response are required. When designing with this part, validate that the chosen PowIRstage supports the controller's PWM frequency and current sense scheme, and observe Infineon's layout guidance for the SVID/I2C bus routing to avoid coupling into the switching node. The exposed thermal pad must be soldered to a continuous ground copper pour for both thermal dissipation and low-impedance gate return paths.
R1515H030B-T1-FE - 36V 50mA LDO Regulator 3.0V Fixed SOT-89-5 | Nisshinbo
The Nisshinbo Micro Devices R1515H030B-T1-FE is a low-supply-current, CMOS LDO linear regulator with a fixed 3.0 V output, 50 mA maximum output current, and a maximum input voltage rating of 36 V, housed in a 5-pin SOT-89-5 surface-mount package. The "030B" code in the part number decodes to the 3.0 V fixed output variant, the "H" code designates the SOT-89-5 package, "T1" indicates the 1000-piece embossed taping reel orientation, and "FE" denotes the lead-free, RoHS-compliant terminal finish. An LDO (Low-Dropout) linear regulator is a type of voltage regulator that maintains a stable output voltage even when the input voltage is only marginally higher than the output voltage. The LDO belongs to the broader category of linear regulators, which in turn belong to the family of voltage regulators that form one of the most common building blocks in power management ICs. CMOS-based LDOs such as the R1515 series draw exceptionally low quiescent current from the source, making them ideal for battery-powered or always-on industrial sensor applications. Key features include a wide 36 V maximum input tolerance for direct operation from industrial 24 V buses, low quiescent current enabled by CMOS architecture, built-in thermal shutdown protection, internal short-circuit current limiting, and a fixed output that eliminates external feedback resistors. The 50 mA rated current is sufficient for low-power analog, microcontroller, and sensor bias rails in noisy industrial environments. The R1515 uses a CMOS pass element with a precision bandgap reference and integrates a fold-back protection circuit and an over-temperature shutdown circuit that disables the output when the junction temperature exceeds the safe limit. Because the part operates from inputs up to 36 V and ambient temperatures from -40 °C to +105 °C, it tolerates regulated and transient 24 V industrial supplies in factory automation, HVAC control, and building-automation modules. Typical applications include 24 V-to-3.0 V post-regulation for microcontroller cores in PLCs and industrial sensors, 12 V-to-3.0 V bias rails in metering and white-goods subsystems, battery-powered IoT sensor nodes, and as a post-regulator downstream of a switching converter to remove switching ripple from low-current analog supply pins. Designers should place the input and output capacitors as close to the IC pins as possible and verify thermal performance because the SOT-89-5 package dissipates heat primarily through its large center pad; the drop must be evaluated for each application's worst-case VIN and load combination. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, pin-compatible alternative candidates, and application-specific design notes that go beyond what is published in the standalone manufacturer datasheet.
R5460N235AA-TR-FE - 2-Cell Li-Ion Battery Protector | Nisshinbo
The Nisshinbo Micro Devices R5460N235AA-TR-FE is a high-voltage CMOS protection IC designed for over-charge and over-discharge protection of rechargeable two-cell lithium-ion and lithium-polymer battery packs. The R5460N235AA-TR-FE integrates high-accuracy voltage detection, fixed delay timing, and low-power consumption in a 6-pin SOT-23 package, making it suitable for compact battery management designs where PCB space is at a premium. The device operates with an absolute maximum supply voltage of 10 V and a minimum operating voltage of 1.5 V, providing wide-margin monitoring for 2S Li-Ion packs (7.2 V to 8.4 V operating range). The -TR-FE suffix indicates tape-and-reel packaging with a lead-free, RoHS-compliant terminal finish. A lithium-ion battery protection IC is a specialized analog/mixed-signal device that continuously monitors cell voltages and disconnects the pack from the load or charger when unsafe conditions occur (over-charge, over-discharge, over-current, or short circuit). Within the broader battery management hierarchy, the R5460N235AA belongs to the secondary protection IC category, sitting one level below the battery management system (BMS) controller and working in conjunction with dual-MOSFET protection switches to provide redundant safety. The R5460x2xxxx Series employs CMOS process technology with on-chip高精度 voltage references to deliver factory-trimmed detection thresholds across the variant range. Key features include fixed over-charge detection voltage, fixed over-discharge detection voltage, ultra-low quiescent current in normal mode to extend battery shelf life, internal fixed delay timers for noise immunity (eliminating external RC networks), and CMOS output stages for driving external N-channel MOSFET disconnect switches. The 6-pin SOT-23 package enables reflow-compatible surface-mount assembly compatible with high-volume automated pick-and-place lines. Per the manufacturer datasheet, the device does not require an external sense resistor for basic voltage protection, simplifying BOM cost. Typical applications include 2-cell Li-Ion and Li-Polymer battery packs for power tools, portable medical devices, e-bike auxiliary systems, IoT backup battery modules, handheld instrumentation, and consumer electronics requiring 7.2 V to 8.4 V nominal battery rails. The wide 1.5 V to 10 V operating range also enables use in 2S lithium-iron-phosphate (LiFePO4) packs with adjusted threshold variants in the same family. Design considerations include placing input decoupling (1 microfarad ceramic minimum) directly at the VDD pin, using low-RDS(on) dual N-channel MOSFETs for the CO and DO switches, and observing the absolute maximum ratings to prevent latch-up. The 6-pin SOT-23 requires careful thermal pad design when used near the upper operating voltage limit. This page synthesizes distributor availability from Newark, DigiKey Marketplace, Rochester Electronics, and authorized partners, plus comparison data against R5460x2xxxx family variants and competing 2-cell Li-Ion protectors from onsemi and other manufacturers, providing engineering context not aggregated in the standalone manufacturer datasheet.
R5480K260CL-TR - 1-Cell Li-ion Battery Protector | Nisshinbo
The Nisshinbo Micro Devices R5480K260CL-TR is a 1-cell Li-ion / Li-polymer battery protection IC in a compact SOT-style surface-mount package with an exposed pad, featuring an external RSENSE pin for high-accuracy over-current detection. The device integrates over-charge, over-discharge, excess-discharge current, and excess-charge current detection in a single chip, along with a 0V-battery charge inhibition function. The R5480K260CL-TR ships on Tape and Reel with a 4.0V over-charge detection threshold (the "260" code in the MPN denotes this threshold), a high-accuracy reference, and ultra-low quiescent current in standby mode to preserve cell capacity during long storage. A Li-ion battery protection IC is a specialized analog/mixed-signal integrated circuit that monitors a single lithium-ion or lithium-polymer cell and removes it from the charger or load when its voltage or current exceeds manufacturer-defined safety thresholds. It belongs to the broader category of battery management ICs (BMICs) — specifically secondary protection and pack-level safety devices in the power management family. These ICs sit between the protection MOSFETs and the battery cell, enforcing the JEDEC-aligned 4.2V/4.3V/4.4V per-cell over-charge limits and the 2.5V over-discharge floor that prevent thermal runaway, plating, and capacity loss in Li-ion chemistries. Key features of the R5480K260CL-TR include: (1) an externally programmable RSENSE input that lets designers set current trip points via a low-value sense resistor rather than internal trimming; (2) low supply current consumption after detection events to extend shelf and operating life; (3) high detection accuracy achieved by a precision bandgap reference; (4) a 0V-battery charge-inhibition function that prevents recharging deeply depleted or shorted cells; and (5) a small outline package suitable for high-density battery PCBs in ultra-thin wearable and IoT form factors. Architecturally, the R5480K series uses a CMOS process with on-chip comparators and a bandgap reference, plus driver outputs that gate external N-channel protection MOSFETs in the pack's charge/discharge path. The exact detection voltages (over-charge, over-discharge, over-current) are laser-trimmed at the factory and selected by ordering code; the "260" suffix in this MPN indicates the 4.0V (or per Nisshinbo's exact threshold) over-charge trip, distinguishing it from siblings at 4.1V, 4.2V, 4.3V, 4.4V. Typical applications for the R5480K260CL-TR include 1S Li-ion battery packs for wearables, true-wireless-earbud charging cases, IoT sensor boards, low-cost power banks, Bluetooth trackers, and single-cell backup batteries in industrial metering. The combination of low Iq and small package makes it suited to devices that sit idle for months between activations. When designing with this IC, follow the manufacturer's datasheet guidance on RSENSE resistor selection, MOSFET gate resistor sizing, and decoupling near the VDD pin. Also observe the absolute maximum rating on VDD and verify thermal performance with the chosen MOSFET dissipation during short-circuit events. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, same-family alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
R9A02G011 - USB PD 3.1 Controller, Type-C PMIC | Renesas
The Renesas R9A02G011 is a USB Power Delivery (PD) controller implementing the Universal Serial Bus Power Delivery Specification Revision 3.1 and USB Type-C Cable and Connector Specification Release 2.1, supporting USB PD 3.2 features including Programmable Power Supply (PPS) and Adjustable Voltage Supply (AVS). The device is available in a 32-pin HVQFN (5x5 mm) package or a 42-ball VBGA (3.6x3.1 mm) package, providing flexibility for space-constrained consumer electronics designs such as wall adapters, travel chargers, hub/downstream-facing ports (DFPs), and Type-C alternate-mode hosts. A USB PD controller is a protocol-handling IC that negotiates higher voltage and current contracts (up to 100 W with Extended Power Range, EPR) over the USB Type-C VBUS conductor using BMC-encoded communication on the CC (Configuration Channel) lines. The R9A02G011 sits between the application host MCU and the USB-C connector, translating hardware-level USB-C attach/detach and PD messaging into I2C / GPIO interactions with the system, while controlling external VBUS FETs, VCONN switch, and discrete protection circuitry for safe power negotiation. Key features include integrated USB Type-C Alternate Mode support for DisplayPort and Thunderbolt tunneling, Electronically Marked Cable (eMarker) read/write capability, BC 1.2 legacy charging support, integrated VBUS discharge and cable compensation, hardware autonomous PD state machine for minimal host MCU firmware load, and built-in protections including OVP, OCP, and thermal shutdown. The device requires an external host MCU for policy management and alternate-mode switching decisions. Architecturally, the R9A02G011 implements a hardware CC logic block, a PD protocol engine, an integrated PHY for BMC transmission on CC1/CC2, and policy routing through an I2C slave interface. This partition lets the system MCU focus on application logic while the controller handles real-time PD timing, attach detection, and physical-layer compliance. Typical applications include USB-C wall chargers, multi-port charging hubs, notebook and tablet docking stations, smartphone fast-charge adapters, and any Type-C source/sink/DRP port requiring USB PD 3.1 compliance. The wide protocol support makes it suitable for both consumer adapters and industrial docking equipment. When designing with this part, ensure proper VBUS FET sizing for the highest advertised current (e.g. 5 A for 100 W EPR), a 1 uF CC-line bypass per USB Type-C spec, and consult the Renesas Rtk-251-drpevb evaluation board schematic for reference VBUS path protection. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone, including cross-references against competing USB PD controllers and recommendations for evaluation hardware.
REF102AP - 10V Precision Voltage Reference 2.5ppm/C | TI
The Texas Instruments REF102AP is a 10V precision series voltage reference with a maximum temperature drift of 2.5 ppm/C, fixed output accuracy of plus or minus 0.1 percent (plus or minus 2.5 mV), and 10 mA output current capability, housed in an 8-pin PDIP (DIP-8) through-hole package. A precision series voltage reference is a type of shunt-free, three-terminal reference circuit that maintains a highly stable output voltage independent of input supply variations, load changes, and temperature. It sits within the broader hierarchy of voltage reference ICs under power management semiconductors and serves as the accuracy anchor for data converters, instrumentation amplifiers, and metrology circuits. Unlike bandgap references, the REF102 achieves its precision using a buried Zener reference without an internal heater, delivering lab-grade stability in a standard through-hole package. Key features include a very low drift of 2.5 ppm per degree Celsius maximum over the industrial temperature range (A grade), excellent long-term stability of 5 ppm per 1000 hours typical, outstanding line regulation of 1 ppm/V maximum, and load regulation of 10 ppm per mA maximum. Output noise is a low 5 uVpp typical at 10 Hz, and the wide supply range extends up to 36 V DC, giving designers generous headroom above the 10 V output. Technically, the REF102 uses a laser-trimmed Zener-based architecture. Laser trimming at wafer level establishes the 10 V output and the tight drift specification without ovens or chopper stabilization, so warm-up time and power consumption are minimal compared with heater-stabilized references. This makes the part well suited for systems that must be accurate immediately after power-up. Typical applications include A/D and D/A converter reference inputs in data acquisition systems, precision instrumentation and calibration equipment, test and measurement front ends, and transducer excitation where a stable 10 V source directly sets system gain accuracy. When designing with the REF102AP, allow adequate supply headroom and add bypass capacitance close to the input and output pins; series references oscillate with poor decoupling or capacitive loading at the output. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-family alternatives, design notes, and an A/D-converter-focused application guide not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
REF102AU - 10V Precision Voltage Reference, 2.5ppm/°C | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments REF102AU is a precision 10V series voltage reference IC delivering ±0.1% initial accuracy and a maximum temperature drift of 2.5 ppm/°C, housed in an 8-pin SOIC (D) package. It supplies up to 10 mA of output current from a single 11.4V to 36V supply, with extremely low sensitivity to line and load variations. A series voltage reference (also called a shunt-mode or series-mode voltage reference) is a precision analog building block that maintains a stable DC output voltage regardless of supply ripple, load current changes, or temperature drift. Within the broader power-management hierarchy, a voltage reference sits above a generic voltage regulator and below a system-level power supply: regulators provide bulk rails, while references provide the calibration-grade voltage against which ADCs, DACs, and weighing scales are measured. The REF102AU belongs to TI's Burr-Brown precision analog lineage, where the output is trimmed at the wafer level using laser or zener-zap techniques to reach sub-ppm-per-degree stability. Key features include a noise voltage of 5 µVPP (0.1 Hz to 10 Hz, the so-called peak-to-peak low-frequency noise band), a load regulation of 10 ppm/mA typical, and a long-term stability of 5 ppm/1000 hrs. The device also integrates a noise-reduction pin (NR) where an external capacitor forms a low-pass filter to attenuate broadband thermal noise. Industrial-grade operating temperature is -25 °C to +85 °C, with MSL Level-2-260 °C-1 YEAR moisture sensitivity. At the circuit level, the REF102AU uses a buried-zener bandgap architecture followed by a precision op-amp output buffer, allowing the reference to source and sink current while preserving accuracy. The output can be trimmed ±100 mV via the Trim pin without measurable drift penalty. This combination makes the part attractive where stability over time and temperature matters more than absolute cost. Typical applications include 16-bit and higher-precision ADC/DAC reference rails, industrial weighing scales, digital multimeters, laboratory calibrators, and precision current-loop (4-20 mA) transmitters. Medical imaging front-ends and seismic-data acquisition systems also benefit from its low 1/f noise. When designing with this part, always place a 1 µF to 10 µF low-ESR tantalum or ceramic bypass capacitor on the output and a 1 µF capacitor on the NR pin to achieve the rated noise performance. Do not exceed 36 V on the input, and decouple the supply within 5 mm of the IN pin to suppress line-induced noise. This page combines distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and practical design notes not collected in any single distributor listing, providing unique value beyond a raw datasheet PDF.
REF192ESZ - 2.5V Precision Micropower Voltage Reference | Analog Devices
The REF192ESZ is a precision, micropower, low dropout voltage reference from Analog Devices, part of the REF19x series. It provides a fixed 2.5V output with an initial accuracy of ±0.08% and a temperature coefficient as low as 5 ppm/°C (grade A). The device operates from an input voltage range of 2.5V to 15V, with a typical quiescent current of only 45 µA, making it ideal for battery-powered and portable applications. It is available in an 8-lead SOIC package (SOIC-8) and is specified for the industrial temperature range of -40°C to +85°C. A voltage reference is a precision electronic circuit that produces a constant output voltage regardless of load, supply voltage, or temperature. It is a fundamental building block in analog and mixed-signal systems, providing a stable reference for ADCs, DACs, comparators, and other precision circuits. Voltage references are categorized into series and shunt types; the REF192 is a series reference, meaning it operates like a low-dropout regulator, sourcing current to the load while maintaining a precise voltage. This makes it more efficient than shunt references, especially in low-power designs. Key features of the REF192ESZ include its low dropout voltage of 200 mV (typical) at 30 mA output current, which allows it to regulate from a 2.5V supply with minimal headroom. The device also offers excellent line and load regulation, with typical values of 10 ppm/V and 20 ppm/mA, respectively. The patented temperature drift curvature correction circuit and laser-trimmed thin-film resistors ensure high accuracy and stability over temperature. The REF192ESZ is available in tape and reel packaging (REF192ESZ-REEL7) and is RoHS compliant. Technically, the REF192 uses a bandgap core with curvature correction, achieving a temperature coefficient as low as 5 ppm/°C. The output is buffered by a low-noise amplifier, providing a low output impedance and the ability to source up to 30 mA. The device also includes a sleep mode that reduces quiescent current to less than 2 µA, making it suitable for power-cycled systems. The SOIC-8 package is widely used and easy to solder, with a thermal resistance of approximately 150°C/W. Typical applications include precision data acquisition systems, portable instrumentation, battery-powered devices, and industrial process control. The REF192ESZ is also used in automotive electronics, medical devices, and as a reference for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs). Its low power consumption and high accuracy make it a preferred choice for battery-operated equipment where power efficiency is critical. When designing with the REF192ESZ, it is important to place a 1 µF to 10 µF bypass capacitor on the output to ensure stability and reduce noise. The input should also be bypassed with a 0.1 µF capacitor. For best performance, keep the load current within the specified range and avoid excessive capacitive loading, which can cause oscillation. The device is designed for easy integration, but proper PCB layout is essential to minimize parasitic inductance and capacitance.
REF1930 - 3V Dual-Output Voltage Reference | Texas Instruments
The Texas Instruments REF1930 is a precision, low-power, dual-output series voltage reference delivering a fixed 3V VREF output plus a 1.5V VREF/2 output with ±0.1% initial accuracy and up to 20 mA output current capability. It comes in the compact 5-pin SOT-23-THIN (DDC) package and operates from -40C to +125C. A voltage reference is a precision circuit that produces a stable output voltage independent of supply variation, load changes, and temperature. It is a fundamental building block of analog and mixed-signal systems, providing the conversion reference for ADCs, DACs, and comparators. References are either shunt or series types; the REF1930 is a series reference, operating like a low-dropout regulator that sources current to the load while holding a precise voltage. Key features include ±0.1% initial accuracy, a dual-output architecture (VREF and VREF/2) that eliminates a separate mid-supply bias divider, low quiescent current suitable for battery-powered portable instruments, and 20 mA sourcing capability for driving ADC reference inputs and op-amp bias networks. The REF1930 uses a bandgap-based architecture with internal trimming to minimize initial error. The dual-output design is particularly valuable in single-supply systems where bipolar input signals must be biased around a mid-rail common-mode point at an ADC input. The SOT-23-THIN package suits space-constrained portable designs. Typical applications include ADC input biasing, portable instrumentation, data acquisition systems, battery monitoring, and industrial process control front ends. Design tip: decouple both outputs adequately with ceramic capacitors, and limit DC loading on the VREF/2 output to preserve its accuracy.
REF196GSZ - 3.3V Precision Series Voltage Reference | Analog Devices
The Analog Devices REF196GSZ is a precision micropower, low dropout series voltage reference delivering a fixed 3.3 V output with ±0.3% initial accuracy and up to 30 mA of output current, housed in an 8-pin SOIC (SOIC-8) surface-mount package. A series voltage reference is a three-terminal (or more) precision circuit that regulates a stable reference voltage from a higher, possibly noisy supply rail, unlike shunt references which require an external bias resistor and sink current continuously. In the system hierarchy, the voltage reference sits within power management and analog signal chain design, feeding precision ADCs, DACs, comparators, and sensor excitation circuits where absolute accuracy of the converter transfer function depends directly on reference stability. Key features of the REF196 include very low quiescent power consumption typical of the micropower REF19x family, low dropout operation that allows the reference to maintain regulation with minimal headroom between the supply rail and the 3.3 V output, and load capability of up to 30 mA - enough to reference multiple converters or drive a resistive load directly. The G-grade suffix specifies the ±0.3% initial accuracy grade and the commercial temperature range package option in the SOIC-8 outline. According to Analog Devices, the REF19x series uses a patented temperature drift curvature correction circuit combined with laser trimming of highly stable thin-film resistors to achieve very low temperature coefficient and high initial accuracy. Curvature correction cancels the second-order bandgap error term, while laser trimming removes resistor-ratio mismatch, giving the device accuracy that would otherwise require system-level calibration. Typical applications include precision data-acquisition systems referencing successive-approximation and sigma-delta ADCs, battery-powered portable instruments where micropower supply current extends battery life, industrial transmitters and process-control modules, and digital multimeters or handheld test equipment requiring a stable 3.3 V full-scale reference. When designing with the REF196, provide proper input and output decoupling close to the pins and verify dropout margin at the minimum expected supply voltage and full load current to maintain regulation. This page adds value beyond the manufacturer datasheet by synthesizing distributor pricing, drop-in family alternatives, comparison tables, and practical design notes in one quotable reference. Pricing shown is as of 2026-10-21.