EP2A25F672I8
EP2A25F672I8 - APEX II FPGA, 900K Gates, 492 I/O, 672-BGA | Altera
The Altera EP2A25F672I8 is a high-density APEX II Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) IC delivering 900K equivalent gates, 24,320 logic elements (cells), 622,592 bits of embedded RAM, and 492 user I/Os in a 672-ball FineLine BGA (FC-FBGA) package, 27 mm × 27 mm with 1 mm ball pitch. It is fabricated on a 0.15 µm all-layer copper-metal CMOS process (up to eight metal layers) and operates from a 1.5 V core supply. The part is graded for the industrial temperature range (–40 °C to +85 °C, indicated by the 'I' speed/temperature grade letter and '8' speed grade suffix per Altera's APEX II ordering scheme), making it suitable for harsh-environment embedded computing. The device supports I/O voltages up to 3.3 V and includes 4 phase-locked loops (PLUs) for clock management, embedded multiplier blocks, and high-speed True-LVDS support enabling 1 Gbps I/O bandwidth for high-speed serial-style interfaces. With propagation delay around 1.69 ns and APEX II's MultiCore architecture integrating LUT-based logic and embedded memory, the EP2A25F672I8 was a flagship high-density programmable logic device of the late-1990s/early-2000s era, designed for telecom bridging, ASIC prototyping, and complex DSP glue logic.
An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor integrated circuit built from an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) interconnected by a programmable routing matrix. Within the broader taxonomy, FPGAs sit alongside CPLDs and ASICs in the programmable logic family, and underneath the larger category of digital logic ICs. APEX II sits at the high-density end of this hierarchy: it combines look-up-table based logic, embedded SRAM, embedded multipliers, and PLLs in a single fabric, allowing designers to implement microprocessors, custom DSP datapaths, and high-bandwidth bus interfaces on one die. The EP2A25F672I8's 622 Kb of embedded memory and dedicated carry chains make it well suited to data-path designs that previously required a discrete ASIC.
Key features include 24,320 logic elements, 622,592 bits of RAM (~76 Kbytes), 492 user I/Os (the largest I/O count in the APEX II family), four enhanced PLLs, dedicated LVDS I/O support with data rates up to 1 Gbps, support for multiple I/O standards (LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, HSTL, LVDS, LVPECL, GTL+, PCI), and JTAG-based IEEE 1149.1 boundary-scan programming. The 672-ball FineLine BGA package provides controlled-impedance signal paths and ample power/ground balls for noise isolation.
Typical applications include high-speed telecommunications bridging, ATM/packet processing, ASIC prototyping, PCI/PCI-X interface logic, custom DSP datapaths, video/imaging pipelines, and military/aerospace signal processing where industrial temperature grading is mandatory. The 672-BGA package requires multi-layer PCB design with via-in-pad or dog-bone fan-out, controlled-impedance traces, and adequate thermal vias under the central ground/power balls.
Designers should plan for a 1.5 V core supply with bulk decoupling on every power ball pair, and follow Altera's AN 117 application note for APEX II PCB layout. The 'I8' industrial speed grade indicates AC performance that is slower than the 'C9' commercial 0 °C–85 °C speed grade; this trade-off is acceptable when operating temperature, not absolute clock frequency, is the primary constraint.
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