ATMEGA2561-16MU - 8-bit AVR MCU 256KB Flash 16MHz 64-QFN | Microchip
MPN: ATMEGA2561-16MU ✓ Hoạt độngATMEGA2561-16MU Tóm tắt
An AVR microcontroller (sometimes called an Advanced Virtual RISC microcontroller) is a single-chip computer built around the Atmel AVR 8-bit RISC core, executing most instructions in a single clock cycle to deliver deterministic throughput. ATmega2561 belongs to the megaAVR family, sitting between tinyAVR and XMEGA in Microchip's 8-bit hierarchy, and is commonly used where higher pin count and larger memory are needed without moving to 32-bit ARM Cortex-M parts.
Key features of the ATMEGA2561-16MU include 256 KB self-programmable Flash with Read-While-Write support, 8 KB on-chip SRAM, 4 KB true EEPROM with 100,000 erase/write cycles endurance, an internal calibrated RC oscillator, and six software-selectable power-saving modes that can reduce active current to microampere levels for battery-operated designs. The 8-channel 10-bit successive-approximation ADC delivers up to 15 kSPS at full resolution, and the on-chip analog comparator supports single-ended and differential inputs with selectable hysteresis.
Architecturally, the ATMEGA2561 uses a Harvard-style memory layout with separate program Flash and data SRAM buses, a hardware multiplier supporting signed/unsigned multiply and fractional multiply instructions, and a deterministic interrupt controller with up to 57 interrupt vectors. The peripheral interconnect allows timer/counter outputs to drive ADC triggers and PWM channels, enabling motor control and power-conversion topologies without software overhead.
Typical applications include industrial automation controllers, building automation gateways, smart energy metering, USB-to-UART bridges using external PHY, multi-channel data acquisition front-ends, robotic controller boards, automotive body and infotainment subsystems (when properly qualified), and hobbyist/education platforms such as Arduino-Mega-compatible designs. The wide memory and I/O count also make it a frequent fit for SCADA remote terminal units (RTUs).
When designing with this device, ensure decoupling follows Microchip's recommended 100 nF ceramic on each VCC pin plus a 10 uF bulk, and respect the 5.5 V absolute-maximum VCC rating even though the part is 5 V tolerant. JTAG and ISP programming both require the RESET pin to remain in a defined state; for noise immunity, place a 10 kohm pull-up on RESET and a low-value decoupling capacitor on AVCC to maximize ADC linearity.
This page synthesizes distributor inventory, 64-QFN drop-in alternatives, and practical AVR design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone, accelerating part selection and PCB re-use.
Bộ thay thế dễ dàng lắp đặt cho ATMEGA2561-16MU — cùng gói, chân-to-chân tương thích. Các bộ phận yêu cầu hàn PCB bị loại trừ.
Các biến thể trong loạt này
Các mẫu cùng loạt có thể lắp đặt dễ dàng tương thích với ATMEGA2561-16MU (cùng hình factor và footprint) — khác nhau ở Package, USART, Timers/Counters, ADC, Operating Temperature.
ATMEGA2561-16MUR
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
ATMEGA2561-16AU
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA2561-16AI
✅ Drop-In📋 Tham chiếu thay thế (không có trong danh mục)
ATMEGA1281-16MUR
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA1281-16MUR
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA1281-16AU
✅ Drop-InLiên hệ để biết giá
Xem tài liệu →ATMEGA2561-16MU Tỷ lệ tối đa & tính chất điện
| Core Architecture | AVR 8-bit RISC |
| Maximum CPU Frequency | 16 MHz |
| MIPS Throughput | 16 MIPS |
| Program Flash Memory | 256 KB (128K x 16) |
| SRAM | 8 KB |
| EEPROM | 4 KB |
| Operating Voltage (VCC) | 4.5 V to 5.5 V |
| Programmable I/O Lines | 54 |
| General-Purpose Working Registers | 32 |
| ADC | 8-channel, 10-bit |
| USART | 4 channels |
| SPI | 1 channel (Master/Slave) |
| TWI (I2C) | 1 channel (byte-oriented) |
| Timer/Counters | 2x 8-bit + 4x 16-bit with PWM |
| Watchdog Timer | Yes, with separate on-chip oscillator |
| Analog Comparator | On-chip, with selectable hysteresis |
| JTAG Debug Interface | Yes (boundary-scan capable) |
| External Memory Interface (EBI/EMI) | Yes |
| Hộp | 64-VFQFN (9x9 mm) with exposed pad |
| Nhiệt độ hoạt động | -40 C to +85 C (industrial) |
| Kiểu lắp đặt | Surface Mount |
| Lead-Free / RoHS | Yes / Compliant |
Cấu hình chân ATMEGA2561-16MU
| Chân 1 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 2 | PE0 (RXD0/PCINT8) — Port E bit 0, USART0 RXD, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 3 | PE1 (TXD0) — Port E bit 1, USART0 TXD |
| Chân 4 | PE2 (AIN0/XCK0) — Port E bit 2, analog comparator input, USART0 XCK |
| Chân 5 | PE3 (AIN1/OC3A) — Port E bit 3, analog comparator input, timer output compare |
| Chân 6 | PE4 (INT4/OC3B) — Port E bit 4, external interrupt, timer output compare |
| Chân 7 | PE5 (INT5/OC3C) — Port E bit 5, external interrupt, timer output compare |
| Chân 8 | PE6 (INT6/TCLK3) — Port E bit 6, external interrupt, timer clock input |
| Chân 9 | PE7 (INT7/ICP3) — Port E bit 7, external interrupt, timer input capture |
| Chân 10 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 11 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 12 | PH0 (RXD2) — Port H bit 0, USART2 RXD |
| Chân 13 | PH1 (TXD2) — Port H bit 1, USART2 TXD |
| Chân 14 | PH2 (XCK2) — Port H bit 2, USART2 XCK |
| Chân 15 | PH3 (OC4A) — Port H bit 3, timer output compare |
| Chân 16 | PH4 (OC4B) — Port H bit 4, timer output compare |
| Chân 17 | PH5 (OC4C) — Port H bit 5, timer output compare |
| Chân 18 | PH6 (OC2B) — Port H bit 6, timer output compare |
| Chân 19 | PH7 (OC2A) — Port H bit 7, timer output compare |
| Chân 20 | PB0 (SS/PCINT0) — Port B bit 0, SPI slave select, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 21 | PB1 (SCK/PCINT1) — Port B bit 1, SPI clock, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 22 | PB2 (MOSI/PCINT2) — Port B bit 2, SPI MOSI, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 23 | PB3 (MISO/PCINT3) — Port B bit 3, SPI MISO, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 24 | PB4 (OC0A/PCINT4) — Port B bit 4, timer output compare, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 25 | PB5 (OC1A/PCINT5) — Port B bit 5, timer output compare, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 26 | PB6 (OC1B/PCINT6) — Port B bit 6, timer output compare, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 27 | PB7 (OC0B/OC1C/PCINT7) — Port B bit 7, timer output compare, pin-change interrupt |
| Chân 28 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 29 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 30 | AVCC — Analog supply voltage (for ADC) |
| Chân 31 | AREF — ADC reference voltage |
| Chân 32 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 33 | PF0 (ADC0) — Port F bit 0, ADC input channel 0 |
| Chân 34 | PF1 (ADC1) — Port F bit 1, ADC input channel 1 |
| Chân 35 | PF2 (ADC2) — Port F bit 2, ADC input channel 2 |
| Chân 36 | PF3 (ADC3) — Port F bit 3, ADC input channel 3 |
| Chân 37 | PF4 (ADC4/TCK) — Port F bit 4, ADC input, JTAG TCK |
| Chân 38 | PF5 (ADC5/TMS) — Port F bit 5, ADC input, JTAG TMS |
| Chân 39 | PF6 (ADC6/TDO) — Port F bit 6, ADC input, JTAG TDO |
| Chân 40 | PF7 (ADC7/TDI) — Port F bit 7, ADC input, JTAG TDI |
| Chân 41 | PA0 (AD0) — Port A bit 0, external memory address/data |
| Chân 42 | PA1 (AD1) — Port A bit 1, external memory address/data |
| Chân 43 | PA2 (AD2) — Port A bit 2, external memory address/data |
| Chân 44 | PA3 (AD3) — Port A bit 3, external memory address/data |
| Chân 45 | PA4 (AD4) — Port A bit 4, external memory address/data |
| Chân 46 | PA5 (AD5) — Port A bit 5, external memory address/data |
| Chân 47 | PA6 (AD6) — Port A bit 6, external memory address/data |
| Chân 48 | PA7 (AD7) — Port A bit 7, external memory address/data |
| Chân 49 | PG2 (ALE) — Port G bit 2, external memory address latch enable |
| Chân 50 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 51 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 52 | PG1 (RD) — Port G bit 1, external memory read strobe |
| Chân 53 | PG0 (WR) — Port G bit 0, external memory write strobe |
| Chân 54 | PD7 (SDA) — Port D bit 7, TWI I2C data |
| Chân 55 | PD6 (SCL) — Port D bit 6, TWI I2C clock |
| Chân 56 | PD5 (XCK1) — Port D bit 5, USART1 XCK |
| Chân 57 | PD4 (ICP1) — Port D bit 4, timer1 input capture |
| Chân 58 | PD3 (INT3/TXD1) — Port D bit 3, external interrupt, USART1 TXD |
| Chân 59 | PD2 (INT2/RXD1) — Port D bit 2, external interrupt, USART1 RXD |
| Chân 60 | PD1 (INT1/SDA) — Port D bit 1, external interrupt, I2C data alt |
| Chân 61 | PD0 (INT0/SCL) — Port D bit 0, external interrupt, I2C clock alt |
| Chân 62 | RESET — Reset input, active low |
| Chân 63 | VCC — Digital supply voltage |
| Chân 64 | GND — Ground |
| Chân 65 | EPAD — Exposed thermal pad (connect to ground for thermal dissipation) |
Ứng dụng tiêu biểu
ATMEGA2561-16MU phù hợp cho 6 Áp dụngs: Industrial Automation Controllers, Building Automation Gateways, Smart Energy Metering Front-Ends, Robotic Controller Boards, Multi-Channel Data Acquisition Front-Ends, SCADA Remote Terminal Units (RTUs).
Industrial Automation Controllers
The ATMEGA2561-16MU is well-matched to industrial PLC, HMI, and remote-I/O designs because its 54 programmable I/O lines can drive relays, optocouplers, and isolated digital inputs simultaneously, while four USARTs bridge RS-232, RS-485, and RS-422 field buses in parallel. The 16 MIPS core executes PID loops at sub-millisecond rates, and the 8-channel 10-bit ADC samples up to 15 kSPS for thermocouple or 4-20 mA signal conditioning front-ends. Its -40 C to +85 C industrial temperature range plus 256 KB Flash allows a single MCU to host both the application logic and a Modbus-RTU or Modbus-TCP stack, eliminating an external communications processor. Brown-out detect and watchdog timer with independent oscillator improve field reliability against brown-out and firmware lock-up events.
Được đề xuất
Building Automation Gateways
The ATMEGA2561-16MU suits BACnet, KNX, or Modbus gateway designs where the MCU must convert between multiple building-automation field buses concurrently. Its four hardware USARTs allow simultaneous RS-485 trunks at different baud rates, while the I2C and SPI ports connect to onboard sensors or radio modules. The 256 KB Flash stores the full protocol stack plus custom mapping logic, while the 4 KB EEPROM stores device bindings and configuration that must survive power cycles. Operating from 4.5 V to 5.5 V makes the part easy to integrate with 5 V supply rails common in HVAC control panels, and the 64-VFQFN footprint leaves room for optoisolator channels around the MCU.
Được đề xuất
Smart Energy Metering Front-Ends
The ATMEGA2561-16MU fits single-phase and three-phase energy metering front-ends because its 8-channel 10-bit ADC measures voltage and current CT/PT-derived signals, while its 16-bit timer/counters capture pulse-output from dedicated metrology ICs. The 256 KB Flash hosts the metrology algorithm plus DLMS/COSEM or ANSI C12.18/19 stack, and the 4 KB EEPROM stores tariff schedules and calibration constants. Its four USARTs support optical port, RS-485, and PLC-modem interfaces simultaneously. Operating from 4.5 V to 5.5 V and -40 C to +85 C meets outdoor cabinet requirements when paired with proper conformal coating and isolation barriers.
Được đề xuất
Robotic Controller Boards
Robotic controllers benefit from the ATMEGA2561-16MU's six timer/counter channels capable of multi-channel PWM at up to 16-bit resolution for servo and BLDC motor drive signals. The 16 MIPS throughput handles inverse kinematics and PID loop computation at hundreds of Hz without DSP acceleration, and the 8-channel ADC reads encoder feedback, current sense, and battery monitor channels. Its four USARTs expose debug, GPS, IMU, and radio links simultaneously. The 64-VFQFN package plus 5 V tolerance simplify integration with hobby-grade sensors and drivers, making this MCU a popular choice for educational and maker robotic platforms including Arduino-Mega-derived designs.
Được đề xuất
Multi-Channel Data Acquisition Front-Ends
The ATMEGA2561-16MU is a strong fit for low-speed multi-channel data loggers where its 8-channel 10-bit ADC (with optional internal 1.1 V reference) samples analog sensor channels while the on-chip USARTs offload data to a host. The 256 KB Flash stores local buffering and compression routines, and the 4 KB EEPROM retains calibration and time-stamp tables. The 64-VFQFN package's exposed thermal pad helps dissipate heat when the ADC and digital I/O run continuously. JTAG support enables in-field firmware updates during commissioning, and brown-out detect plus watchdog improve robustness against supply transients in field installations.
Được đề xuất
SCADA Remote Terminal Units (RTUs)
The ATMEGA2561-16MU fits SCADA RTU designs where the MCU aggregates digital inputs, analog measurements, and field-bus telemetry into a single reporting node. Its 54 I/O lines handle DI/DO channels, its 8-channel 10-bit ADC reads 4-20 mA loops or 0-10 V process signals, and its four USARTs support RS-232/RS-485 multidrop polling plus a radio modem link. The 256 KB Flash plus 4 KB EEPROM support DNP3, IEC 60870-5-104, or Modbus firmware with local event-log buffering, and the industrial -40 C to +85 C range plus 5 V supply tolerance allow direct deployment in outdoor cabinets with proper isolation. JTAG and ISP simplify commissioning and field firmware updates.
Được đề xuất
Tóm tắt các sản phẩm được đề xuất
Dữ liệu tham khảo kỹ thuật cho ATMEGA2561-16MU — so sánh, hướng dẫn thiết kế và thông tin tuân thủ.
Hướng dẫn chọn lựa
So sánh với các sản phẩm thay thế
| Tham số | Sản phẩm này | ATMEGA2561-16MUR | ATMEGA2561-16AU | ATMEGA2561-16AI | ATMEGA1281-16MU | ATMEGA1281-16MUR | ATMEGA1281-16AU |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology | Microchip Technology |
| Package | 64-VFQFN (9x9) | 64-VFQFN (9x9) - same | 64-TQFP - NOT same footprint | 64-TQFP - NOT same footprint | 64-VFQFN (9x9) - same | 64-VFQFN (9x9) - same | 64-TQFP - NOT same footprint |
| Flash Memory | 256 KB | 256 KB | 256 KB | 256 KB | 128 KB (-50%) | 128 KB (-50%) | 128 KB (-50%) |
| SRAM | 8 KB | 8 KB | 8 KB | 8 KB | 8 KB | 8 KB | 8 KB |
| EEPROM | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB | 4 KB |
| Maximum Frequency | 16 MHz (16 MIPS) | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz |
| I/O Lines | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 | 54 |
| Operating Voltage | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V | 4.5 V to 5.5 V |
Bảo phân biệt quan trọng
- Highest-density Flash in 64-VFQFN family (vsATMEGA1281-16MU)
- Pin-compatible 100% spec match (vsATMEGA2561-16MUR)
- Quad-USART bridge capability (vsATMEGA1281-16MU)
Ghi chú thiết kế
Estimated: at 16 MHz active and 5 V supply, the ATMEGA2561-16MU consumes approximately 15-20 mA active and 5-10 uA in power-down. Place a 100 nF ceramic decoupling capacitor within 5 mm of each VCC pin (five pins) plus a 10 uF bulk capacitor on the supply rail. For AVCC use an LC or ferrite-bead filter (10 ohm + 10 uF) to isolate the ADC supply from digital switching noise. Power-down mode retains SRAM/EEPROM contents for months on a coin-cell backup if needed.
The 64-VFQFN 9x9 mm package requires a center-thermal-pad land on the PCB with at least 8 thermal vias (0.3 mm drill, 1.0 mm pitch) connecting to a ground plane to achieve the 30 C/W theta-JA target. Keep high-current switching traces (relay drivers, motor drivers) away from ADC traces; route the ADC reference (AREF) capacitor within 10 mm of the pin and place a guard ring tied to AGND around sensitive analog signal traces. Exposed pad MUST be soldered to the PCB land for mechanical reliability and thermal performance.
Do not exceed 5.5 V on VCC - the ATmega2561 is not 3.3 V tolerant despite its AVR heritage. Do not connect JTAG pins (PF4-PF7/TDI/TMS/TCK/TDO) directly to external signals without considering that JTAG fuse programming can disable these as I/O. Brown-out detect should be enabled and tuned to 4.0 V or 2.7 V to prevent Flash corruption during supply transients. When migrating from ATmega1281 firmware, recompile with the ATmega2561 build profile in MCUdude MegaCore or AVR Studio to expose the larger Flash region - using the wrong linker script yields silently truncated firmware.
External memory interface (EBI/EMI) signals should be length-matched to within 5 mm if the bus runs above 8 MHz to avoid setup/hold violations; add 10-22 pF series damping resistors if ringing exceeds 0.5 Vpp. The JTAG TDO signal has a tri-state output and requires a pull-up of 10-47 kohm to avoid floating during scan chains. SPI signals should use a ground reference and series resistors if the cable length exceeds 50 mm, particularly when connecting to SD cards or radio modules.
Thông tin tuân thủ
ATMEGA2561-16MU is RoHS compliant per Microchip product page and is supplied in lead-free packaging. It is not AEC-Q100 qualified for automotive applications; AEC-Q100 grade parts in this family use a different part suffix. Halogen-free status not explicitly stated in the verified web data.
