MC68HC16Z1CAG - 16-bit HC16 MCU 16MHz ROMless 144-LQFP | NXP
MPN： MC68HC16Z1CAG ✗ 停產MC68HC16Z1CAG 概覽
An M68HC16 Z-series microcontroller (HC16 microcontroller = 16-bit modular control unit) is a member of the M68300 family of 16/32-bit embedded processors that integrate a true 16-bit CPU with on-chip peripheral subsystems (such as timers, serial, and analog modules) over an internal bus. In the system hierarchy: HC16 -> 16-bit MCU -> microcontroller -> embedded processor -> semiconductor. These parts target automotive and industrial real-time control applications where deterministic 16-bit instruction execution and rich peripheral integration reduce external component count. Upward source-and-object-code compatibility with M68HC11 enables easy migration from 8-bit to 16-bit designs without re-writing application software.
Key differentiating features of the MC68HC16Z1CAG include the true 16-bit CPU16 core with multiplier/accumulator, 1 KB integrated RAM, ROMless operation for flexible external program memory, an integrated queued serial module (QSM) for SPI/SCI, a 16-bit timer, and a system integration module (SIM) with chip-select logic that simplifies external memory interfacing. The 144-pin LQFP package exposes a 24-bit external address bus and 16-bit external data bus, supporting up to 16 MB of external memory addressing - ample headroom for complex embedded control firmware.
Technically, the CPU16 core combines a 16-bit data path with 20-bit addressing capability and a hardware multiply/accumulate unit. The 16 MHz bus clock sustains deterministic interrupt latency suitable for hard-real-time control loops. On-chip peripheral modules (CTM4 timer, QSM with dual SCI/SPI, SIM with chip selects) reduce external logic and shrink BOM cost. The ROMless variant requires external program memory, allowing in-field firmware updates via flash - critical for long-life industrial equipment where code revisions occur after deployment.
Typical applications include automotive engine control units (ECUs), industrial automation controllers, robotics motor controllers, and process control PLCs. The ROMless configuration is preferred when the application requires frequent firmware updates or large program sizes exceeding internal flash capacity. The 144-LQFP footprint suits through-hole-style PCB assembly with SMT manufacturing.
Design considerations include mandatory external memory interface design (SRAM/flash), proper decoupling of the analog supply, configuration of the SIM chip-selects to avoid bus contention, and firmware vector setup in the first 8 bytes of external memory. ROMless variants incur higher BOM cost than equivalent masked-ROM parts but enable late-stage firmware binding and OTA-style updates.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-brand and cross-brand M68HC16 alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the original M68HC16 Z-series users manual, including pin-compatible speed-grade and ROM-vs-ROMless variants.
直接替換替代品，適用於 MC68HC16Z1CAG — 相同封裝，腳位對腳位相容。需重新設計 PCB 的不同封裝零件不列入。
此系列的變體
與下列產品可直接替換的同系列型號： MC68HC16Z1CAG （相同外形與佔位） — 差異在於 Program Memory Size, Package, Program Memory Type, RAM Size, Supply Voltage.
MC68HC16Z1CAG16
✅ 直接替換聯絡詢價
查看資料表 →MC68HC16Z1CAG25
✅ 直接替換聯絡詢價
查看資料表 →MC68HC16Z2CAG
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68HC16Z3CAG
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68HC16Z4CAG
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68CM16Z1CAG16
✅ 直接替換📋 參考替代品（不在目錄中）
MC68CK16Z1CAG16
✅ 直接替換聯絡詢價
查看資料表 →MC68HC16Z1CAG 最大額定值與電氣特性
| Core Architecture | CPU16 (HC16) |
| Bus Clock Frequency | 16 MHz |
| 資料匯流排寬度 | 16-bit |
| Address Bus Width | 24-bit |
| Program Memory Type | ROMless |
| On-chip RAM | 1 KB |
| Code Compatibility | Upward with M68HC11 |
| Inter-Module Bus (IMB) | Yes (standard M68300 family bus) |
| Queued Serial Module (QSM) | 1 (SPI + SCI) |
| 16-bit Timer | Yes (CTM4-class) |
| System Integration Module (SIM) | Yes, with chip-selects |
| External Memory Address Space | 16 MB |
| 封裝 | 144-pin LQFP (20x20 mm) |
| 安裝類型 | Surface Mount |
| 工作溫度 | -40C to +85C (industrial) |
| 供應電壓 | 5 V nominal |
| Family | M68HC16 Z-series |
MC68HC16Z1CAG 腳位配置
| 腳位 1 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 2 | XTAL — Crystal oscillator output |
| 腳位 3 | EXTAL — External clock input / crystal connection |
| 腳位 4 | VDDR — Reset/driver supply |
| 腳位 5 | XFC — External filter capacitor for PLL |
| 腳位 6 | VDDSYN — PLL synthesizer supply |
| 腳位 7 | ADDR19 — External address bus bit 19 |
| 腳位 8 | ADDR18 — External address bus bit 18 |
| 腳位 9 | ADDR16 — External address bus bit 16 |
| 腳位 10 | ADDR17 — External address bus bit 17 |
| 腳位 11 | ADDR15 — External address bus bit 15 |
| 腳位 12 | ADDR14 — External address bus bit 14 |
| 腳位 13 | ADDR13 — External address bus bit 13 |
| 腳位 14 | ADDR12 — External address bus bit 12 |
| 腳位 15 | ADDR11 — External address bus bit 11 |
| 腳位 16 | ADDR10 — External address bus bit 10 |
| 腳位 17 | ADDR9 — External address bus bit 9 |
| 腳位 18 | ADDR8 — External address bus bit 8 |
| 腳位 19 | ADDR7 — External address bus bit 7 |
| 腳位 20 | ADDR6 — External address bus bit 6 |
| 腳位 21 | ADDR5 — External address bus bit 5 |
| 腳位 22 | ADDR4 — External address bus bit 4 |
| 腳位 23 | ADDR3 — External address bus bit 3 |
| 腳位 24 | ADDR2 — External address bus bit 2 |
| 腳位 25 | ADDR1 — External address bus bit 1 |
| 腳位 26 | ADDR0 — External address bus bit 0 |
| 腳位 27 | DATA15 — External data bus bit 15 (MSB) |
| 腳位 28 | DATA14 — External data bus bit 14 |
| 腳位 29 | DATA13 — External data bus bit 13 |
| 腳位 30 | DATA12 — External data bus bit 12 |
| 腳位 31 | DATA11 — External data bus bit 11 |
| 腳位 32 | DATA10 — External data bus bit 10 |
| 腳位 33 | DATA9 — External data bus bit 9 |
| 腳位 34 | DATA8 — External data bus bit 8 |
| 腳位 35 | DATA7 — External data bus bit 7 |
| 腳位 36 | DATA6 — External data bus bit 6 |
| 腳位 37 | DATA5 — External data bus bit 5 |
| 腳位 38 | DATA4 — External data bus bit 4 |
| 腳位 39 | DATA3 — External data bus bit 3 |
| 腳位 40 | DATA2 — External data bus bit 2 |
| 腳位 41 | DATA1 — External data bus bit 1 |
| 腳位 42 | DATA0 — External data bus bit 0 (LSB) |
| 腳位 43 | CSBOOT — Boot chip-select (selects reset vector source) |
| 腳位 44 | CS0 — Programmable chip-select 0 |
| 腳位 45 | CS1 — Programmable chip-select 1 |
| 腳位 46 | CS2 — Programmable chip-select 2 |
| 腳位 47 | CS3 — Programmable chip-select 3 |
| 腳位 48 | CS4 — Programmable chip-select 4 |
| 腳位 49 | CS5 — Programmable chip-select 5 |
| 腳位 50 | CS6 — Programmable chip-select 6 |
| 腳位 51 | CS7 — Programmable chip-select 7 |
| 腳位 52 | CS8 — Programmable chip-select 8 |
| 腳位 53 | CS9 — Programmable chip-select 9 |
| 腳位 54 | CS10 — Programmable chip-select 10 |
| 腳位 55 | OE — Output enable for external memory |
| 腳位 56 | R/W — External bus read/write direction |
| 腳位 57 | DS — Data strobe for external memory |
| 腳位 58 | AS — Address strobe for external memory |
| 腳位 59 | AVEC — Autovector interrupt request |
| 腳位 60 | DSACK0 — Data transfer acknowledge 0 |
| 腳位 61 | DSACK1 — Data transfer acknowledge 1 |
| 腳位 62 | BERR — Bus error input |
| 腳位 63 | IRQ7 — Interrupt request priority 7 |
| 腳位 64 | IRQ6 — Interrupt request priority 6 |
| 腳位 65 | IRQ5 — Interrupt request priority 5 |
| 腳位 66 | IRQ4 — Interrupt request priority 4 |
| 腳位 67 | IRQ3 — Interrupt request priority 3 |
| 腳位 68 | IRQ2 — Interrupt request priority 2 |
| 腳位 69 | IRQ1 — Interrupt request priority 1 |
| 腳位 70 | RESET — External reset input (active low) |
| 腳位 71 | TCLK — Timer clock input/output |
| 腳位 72 | ICOCLK — ICO clock output for QSM timer |
| 腳位 73 | BKGD — Background debug mode pin |
| 腳位 74 | TDI — JTAG test data input |
| 腳位 75 | TDO — JTAG test data output |
| 腳位 76 | TMS — JTAG test mode select |
| 腳位 77 | TCK — JTAG test clock |
| 腳位 78 | TRST — JTAG test reset |
| 腳位 79 | TXD — QSM SCI transmit data |
| 腳位 80 | RXD — QSM SCI receive data |
| 腳位 81 | SCK — QSM SPI serial clock |
| 腳位 82 | MOSI — QSM SPI master-out slave-in |
| 腳位 83 | MISO — QSM SPI master-in slave-out |
| 腳位 84 | SS — QSM SPI slave-select |
| 腳位 85 | OC1 — Output compare 1 (timer) |
| 腳位 86 | OC2 — Output compare 2 (timer) |
| 腳位 87 | OC3 — Output compare 3 (timer) |
| 腳位 88 | OC4 — Output compare 4 (timer) |
| 腳位 89 | OC5 — Output compare 5 (timer) |
| 腳位 90 | IC1 — Input capture 1 (timer) |
| 腳位 91 | IC2 — Input capture 2 (timer) |
| 腳位 92 | IC3 — Input capture 3 (timer) |
| 腳位 93 | PAI — Pulse accumulator input |
| 腳位 94 | PWM1 — Pulse-width modulation 1 |
| 腳位 95 | PWM2 — Pulse-width modulation 2 |
| 腳位 96 | PWM3 — Pulse-width modulation 3 |
| 腳位 97 | PWM4 — Pulse-width modulation 4 |
| 腳位 98 | PWM5 — Pulse-width modulation 5 |
| 腳位 99 | PWM6 — Pulse-width modulation 6 |
| 腳位 100 | MODCLK — Module clock output |
| 腳位 101 | VF — Version / frequency select |
| 腳位 102 | VPP — Test/programming voltage |
| 腳位 103 | TEST — Factory test mode (tie low in application) |
| 腳位 104 | ADDR20 — External address bus bit 20 |
| 腳位 105 | ADDR21 — External address bus bit 21 |
| 腳位 106 | ADDR22 — External address bus bit 22 |
| 腳位 107 | ADDR23 — External address bus bit 23 (MSB) |
| 腳位 108 | HALT — Halt request (low-power mode) |
| 腳位 109 | CD — Clock divide select |
| 腳位 110 | PWPN — Program write protect (low) |
| 腳位 111 | QIL — QSM interrupt level |
| 腳位 112 | QIE — QSM interrupt enable |
| 腳位 113 | TIL — Timer interrupt level |
| 腳位 114 | TIE — Timer interrupt enable |
| 腳位 115 | TST — Test pin (factory only) |
| 腳位 116 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| 腳位 117 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 118 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 119 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 120 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 121 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 122 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 123 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 124 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 125 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 126 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 127 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 128 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 129 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 130 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 131 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 132 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 133 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 134 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 135 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 136 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 137 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 138 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 139 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 140 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 141 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 142 | VSS — Digital ground |
| 腳位 143 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| 腳位 144 | VSS — Digital ground |
典型應用
MC68HC16Z1CAG 適用於 6 應用s: Automotive Engine Control Units (ECUs), Industrial Automation Controllers, Robotics Motor Controllers, Process Control Instrumentation, Medical Monitoring Equipment, Building Automation HVAC Controllers.
Automotive Engine Control Units (ECUs)
The MC68HC16Z1CAG's deterministic 16-bit CPU16 core and 16 MHz bus clock make it well suited to automotive engine control units where hard-real-time fuel injection and ignition timing loops must complete within bounded interrupt latency. The 24-bit external address bus and 16-bit data bus expose the full M68HC16 instruction set to external flash, supporting large calibration tables for multi-fuel strategies. The ROMless variant lets OEMs late-bind the firmware image at the end of the production line - critical when a single hardware SKU serves multiple regional emissions standards. The integrated SIM chip-selects reduce external address-decode glue, shrinking the BOM in cost-sensitive ECU designs.
推薦
Industrial Automation Controllers
Industrial PLCs and motion controllers benefit from the MC68HC16Z1CAG's 16-bit data path and modular M68HC16 peripheral set. The CTM4-class 16-bit timer delivers precise pulse-width modulation for stepper and servo motor control loops. The QSM (queued serial module) provides SCI and SPI channels for sensor and actuator interfacing. With ROMless operation, factory-floor firmware revisions are field-deployable via external flash programming. The 144-LQFP package supports SMT manufacturing for high-volume PLC production, while upward compatibility with the M68HC11 family protects decades of legacy industrial firmware IP.
推薦
Robotics Motor Controllers
Robotics motor controllers leverage the MC68HC16Z1CAG's CPU16 hardware multiply/accumulate unit for real-time vector control calculations on multi-axis drives. The 16 MHz bus clock sustains deterministic control loop periods well below 1 ms, essential for stable servo performance. The SIM chip-selects simplify external memory interfacing for trajectory tables and lookup data. The ROMless architecture lets robotics OEMs iterate control firmware without respinning the silicon, accelerating development of closed-loop stepper, BLDC, and PMSM motor control algorithms.
推薦
Process Control Instrumentation
Process control transmitters, chart recorders, and PID controllers rely on the MC68HC16Z1CAG's modular peripheral set and robust 144-LQFP packaging. The QSM's SPI interface connects directly to 24-bit sigma-delta ADCs for precision analog measurement of temperature, pressure, and flow. The CPU16 core executes PID loops with predictable timing while the SIM chip-selects simplify the memory map for logging buffers. ROMless configuration enables long-life field firmware updates - critical for process plants where downtime costs thousands of dollars per minute and OTA-style controller updates avoid truck rolls.
推薦
Medical Monitoring Equipment
Medical patient monitors and infusion pumps use the MC68HC16Z1CAG for its deterministic 16-bit instruction execution and long-life NXP supply chain. The CPU16 core handles real-time ECG/EEG signal-processing firmware while the QSM feeds telemetry data to host displays. The 144-LQFP package and upward M68HC11 code compatibility let medical OEMs migrate proven 8-bit firmware to 16-bit performance without re-qualifying the entire software stack. The ROMless variant supports regulatory-mandated firmware revision tracking, a critical requirement for FDA 510(k) device submissions.
推薦
Building Automation HVAC Controllers
Building automation HVAC controllers leverage the MC68HC16Z1CAG's M68HC11 upward code compatibility to reuse legacy thermostat and damper-control firmware on a 16-bit platform. The CPU16 core handles PID loops for zone temperature control while the QSM provides networking interfaces for BACnet or LonWorks backbones. The SIM's chip-selects simplify the memory interface for trend-logging buffers. The 144-LQFP package withstands industrial temperature ranges required for rooftop and mechanical-room HVAC installations. ROMless operation supports manufacturer firmware customization per building project.
推薦
推薦產品摘要
工程參考資料，適用於 MC68HC16Z1CAG — 比較、設計指引及合規資訊。
選型指南
與替代品比較
| 參數 | 本產品 | MC68HC16Z1CAG16 | MC68HC16Z1CAG25 | MC68HC16Z2CAG | MC68HC16Z4CAG | MC68CM16Z1CAG16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors |
| Package | 144-LQFP (20x20) | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same |
| Bus Clock | 16 MHz | 16 MHz (same) | 25 MHz (+56%) | 16 MHz (same) | 16 MHz (same) | 16 MHz (same) |
| Core | CPU16 | CPU16 (same) | CPU16 (same) | CPU16 (same) | CPU16 + DSP MAC | CPU16 (same) |
| Program Memory | ROMless (external) | ROMless (same) | ROMless (same) | ROMless (same) | ROMless (same) | ROMless (same) |
| On-chip RAM | 1 KB | 1 KB (same) | 1 KB (same) | 2 KB (+100%) | 4 KB (+300%) | 1 KB (same) |
| CAN Module | No | No | No | Yes (added) | Yes (added) | No |
| Special Feature | Standard Z1 | 16 MHz grade marking | Higher speed | +CAN | +DSP MAC | +Crypto accelerator |
| Lifecycle Status | NRND | NRND | NRND | NRND | NRND | NRND |
主要差異化特點
- Higher bus-clock throughput on identical pinout (對比MC68HC16Z1CAG25)
- Adds CAN module for in-vehicle networking (對比MC68HC16Z2CAG)
- DSP-like MAC engine for motor-control math (對比MC68HC16Z4CAG)
- Cryptographic accelerator for secure applications (對比MC68CM16Z1CAG16)
- Same package and pinout across the entire family (對比MC68HC11 family predecessors)
設計說明
Estimated: Place 0.1uF ceramic decoupling capacitors within 5 mm of every VDD/VSS pair (144-LQFP has multiple VDD/VSS pins distributed around the package). Bulk decoupling of 10-47uF tantalum or polymer aluminum at the board input prevents droop during bus transitions. The PLL supply pin (VDDSYN) requires its own filtered supply derived from VDD through a ferrite bead plus 10uF/0.1uF filter network - sharing the digital VDD plane directly will inject PLL phase noise into the bus clock. Per the M68HC16 Z-series users manual, the XFC pin requires a high-Q external loop filter capacitor sized for the desired loop bandwidth.
ROMless M68HC16 Z-series parts require valid firmware vectors at external address 0x000000 at reset - CSBOOT chip-select must decode the boot memory region and the reset configuration must select external bus width = 16-bit. Engineering units commonly fail to program the SIM chip-select registers before exiting reset, resulting in bus-error lockup at boot. Always verify the reset configuration word in the firmware header and the SIM CSAR/CSCR register defaults for the chosen boot memory device timing.
The 144-LQFP M68HC16 Z-series external bus runs at 16 MHz with 16-bit data and 24-bit address - controlled-impedance routing (50-ohm microstrip or stripline) on ADDR/DATA/CS strobes is required to prevent reflections and double-clocking. Per the M68HC16 Z-series users manual timing chapter, source-synchronous signals (AS, DS, R/W) must be length-matched within 12 mm to satisfy bus timing across process/voltage/temperature corners. Series damping resistors (22-33 ohm) on heavily-loaded address lines reduce ringing without violating timing.
Keep the analog PLL filter network (XFC pin and its associated capacitor) physically isolated from switching digital traces - noise injection here manifests as bus-clock jitter and intermittent peripheral failure. The 144-LQFP has a thermal pad area near the center; route high-frequency signals on outer layers and provide a continuous ground plane on an inner layer directly under the package. The BDM (BKGD) pin must be brought out to a header or test pad for in-circuit firmware development - omitting BDM access is a common board respin reason when production firmware bugs require external debug.
合規資訊
RoHS/REACH/lead-free status not present in verified web data excerpts; for production use, request the formal material declaration from NXP via the product page. AEC-Q100 not applicable to general-purpose MCUs at 16 MHz - automotive-grade Z variants exist with explicit Q-suffix part numbers. Conflict-minerals compliance is implied by NXP corporate policy.
