MC68HC16Z1CAG - 16-bit HC16 MCU 16MHz ROMless 144-LQFP | NXP
MPN: MC68HC16Z1CAG ✗ סוף ייצורMC68HC16Z1CAG סקירה
An M68HC16 Z-series microcontroller (HC16 microcontroller = 16-bit modular control unit) is a member of the M68300 family of 16/32-bit embedded processors that integrate a true 16-bit CPU with on-chip peripheral subsystems (such as timers, serial, and analog modules) over an internal bus. In the system hierarchy: HC16 -> 16-bit MCU -> microcontroller -> embedded processor -> semiconductor. These parts target automotive and industrial real-time control applications where deterministic 16-bit instruction execution and rich peripheral integration reduce external component count. Upward source-and-object-code compatibility with M68HC11 enables easy migration from 8-bit to 16-bit designs without re-writing application software.
Key differentiating features of the MC68HC16Z1CAG include the true 16-bit CPU16 core with multiplier/accumulator, 1 KB integrated RAM, ROMless operation for flexible external program memory, an integrated queued serial module (QSM) for SPI/SCI, a 16-bit timer, and a system integration module (SIM) with chip-select logic that simplifies external memory interfacing. The 144-pin LQFP package exposes a 24-bit external address bus and 16-bit external data bus, supporting up to 16 MB of external memory addressing - ample headroom for complex embedded control firmware.
Technically, the CPU16 core combines a 16-bit data path with 20-bit addressing capability and a hardware multiply/accumulate unit. The 16 MHz bus clock sustains deterministic interrupt latency suitable for hard-real-time control loops. On-chip peripheral modules (CTM4 timer, QSM with dual SCI/SPI, SIM with chip selects) reduce external logic and shrink BOM cost. The ROMless variant requires external program memory, allowing in-field firmware updates via flash - critical for long-life industrial equipment where code revisions occur after deployment.
Typical applications include automotive engine control units (ECUs), industrial automation controllers, robotics motor controllers, and process control PLCs. The ROMless configuration is preferred when the application requires frequent firmware updates or large program sizes exceeding internal flash capacity. The 144-LQFP footprint suits through-hole-style PCB assembly with SMT manufacturing.
Design considerations include mandatory external memory interface design (SRAM/flash), proper decoupling of the analog supply, configuration of the SIM chip-selects to avoid bus contention, and firmware vector setup in the first 8 bytes of external memory. ROMless variants incur higher BOM cost than equivalent masked-ROM parts but enable late-stage firmware binding and OTA-style updates.
This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-brand and cross-brand M68HC16 alternatives, and practical design notes not found in the original M68HC16 Z-series users manual, including pin-compatible speed-grade and ROM-vs-ROMless variants.
חלופות תחליף ישיר עבור MC68HC16Z1CAG — אותו מארז, תואם פין-לפין. חלקים במארז שונה הדורשים עיבוד מחדש של ה-PCB אינם נכללים.
וריאנטים בסדרה זו
דגמים מאותה סדרה התואמים Drop-in עם MC68HC16Z1CAG (אותו גורם צורה וטביעת רגל) — שונים ב Program Memory Size, Package, Program Memory Type, RAM Size, Supply Voltage.
MC68HC16Z1CAG16
✅ Drop-Inצור קשר לקבלת מחיר
הצג גיליון נתונים ←MC68HC16Z1CAG25
✅ Drop-Inצור קשר לקבלת מחיר
הצג גיליון נתונים ←MC68HC16Z2CAG
✅ Drop-In📋 חלופה להתייחסות (לא בקטלוג)
MC68HC16Z3CAG
✅ Drop-In📋 חלופה להתייחסות (לא בקטלוג)
MC68HC16Z4CAG
✅ Drop-In📋 חלופה להתייחסות (לא בקטלוג)
MC68CM16Z1CAG16
✅ Drop-In📋 חלופה להתייחסות (לא בקטלוג)
MC68CK16Z1CAG16
✅ Drop-Inצור קשר לקבלת מחיר
הצג גיליון נתונים ←MC68HC16Z1CAG דירוגים מרביים ומאפיינים חשמליים
| Core Architecture | CPU16 (HC16) |
| Bus Clock Frequency | 16 MHz |
| רוחב אפיק נתונים | 16-bit |
| Address Bus Width | 24-bit |
| Program Memory Type | ROMless |
| On-chip RAM | 1 KB |
| Code Compatibility | Upward with M68HC11 |
| Inter-Module Bus (IMB) | Yes (standard M68300 family bus) |
| Queued Serial Module (QSM) | 1 (SPI + SCI) |
| 16-bit Timer | Yes (CTM4-class) |
| System Integration Module (SIM) | Yes, with chip-selects |
| External Memory Address Space | 16 MB |
| מארז | 144-pin LQFP (20x20 mm) |
| סוג הרכבה | Surface Mount |
| טמפרטורת פעולה | -40C to +85C (industrial) |
| מתח אספקה | 5 V nominal |
| Family | M68HC16 Z-series |
תצורת פינים של MC68HC16Z1CAG
| פין 1 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 2 | XTAL — Crystal oscillator output |
| פין 3 | EXTAL — External clock input / crystal connection |
| פין 4 | VDDR — Reset/driver supply |
| פין 5 | XFC — External filter capacitor for PLL |
| פין 6 | VDDSYN — PLL synthesizer supply |
| פין 7 | ADDR19 — External address bus bit 19 |
| פין 8 | ADDR18 — External address bus bit 18 |
| פין 9 | ADDR16 — External address bus bit 16 |
| פין 10 | ADDR17 — External address bus bit 17 |
| פין 11 | ADDR15 — External address bus bit 15 |
| פין 12 | ADDR14 — External address bus bit 14 |
| פין 13 | ADDR13 — External address bus bit 13 |
| פין 14 | ADDR12 — External address bus bit 12 |
| פין 15 | ADDR11 — External address bus bit 11 |
| פין 16 | ADDR10 — External address bus bit 10 |
| פין 17 | ADDR9 — External address bus bit 9 |
| פין 18 | ADDR8 — External address bus bit 8 |
| פין 19 | ADDR7 — External address bus bit 7 |
| פין 20 | ADDR6 — External address bus bit 6 |
| פין 21 | ADDR5 — External address bus bit 5 |
| פין 22 | ADDR4 — External address bus bit 4 |
| פין 23 | ADDR3 — External address bus bit 3 |
| פין 24 | ADDR2 — External address bus bit 2 |
| פין 25 | ADDR1 — External address bus bit 1 |
| פין 26 | ADDR0 — External address bus bit 0 |
| פין 27 | DATA15 — External data bus bit 15 (MSB) |
| פין 28 | DATA14 — External data bus bit 14 |
| פין 29 | DATA13 — External data bus bit 13 |
| פין 30 | DATA12 — External data bus bit 12 |
| פין 31 | DATA11 — External data bus bit 11 |
| פין 32 | DATA10 — External data bus bit 10 |
| פין 33 | DATA9 — External data bus bit 9 |
| פין 34 | DATA8 — External data bus bit 8 |
| פין 35 | DATA7 — External data bus bit 7 |
| פין 36 | DATA6 — External data bus bit 6 |
| פין 37 | DATA5 — External data bus bit 5 |
| פין 38 | DATA4 — External data bus bit 4 |
| פין 39 | DATA3 — External data bus bit 3 |
| פין 40 | DATA2 — External data bus bit 2 |
| פין 41 | DATA1 — External data bus bit 1 |
| פין 42 | DATA0 — External data bus bit 0 (LSB) |
| פין 43 | CSBOOT — Boot chip-select (selects reset vector source) |
| פין 44 | CS0 — Programmable chip-select 0 |
| פין 45 | CS1 — Programmable chip-select 1 |
| פין 46 | CS2 — Programmable chip-select 2 |
| פין 47 | CS3 — Programmable chip-select 3 |
| פין 48 | CS4 — Programmable chip-select 4 |
| פין 49 | CS5 — Programmable chip-select 5 |
| פין 50 | CS6 — Programmable chip-select 6 |
| פין 51 | CS7 — Programmable chip-select 7 |
| פין 52 | CS8 — Programmable chip-select 8 |
| פין 53 | CS9 — Programmable chip-select 9 |
| פין 54 | CS10 — Programmable chip-select 10 |
| פין 55 | OE — Output enable for external memory |
| פין 56 | R/W — External bus read/write direction |
| פין 57 | DS — Data strobe for external memory |
| פין 58 | AS — Address strobe for external memory |
| פין 59 | AVEC — Autovector interrupt request |
| פין 60 | DSACK0 — Data transfer acknowledge 0 |
| פין 61 | DSACK1 — Data transfer acknowledge 1 |
| פין 62 | BERR — Bus error input |
| פין 63 | IRQ7 — Interrupt request priority 7 |
| פין 64 | IRQ6 — Interrupt request priority 6 |
| פין 65 | IRQ5 — Interrupt request priority 5 |
| פין 66 | IRQ4 — Interrupt request priority 4 |
| פין 67 | IRQ3 — Interrupt request priority 3 |
| פין 68 | IRQ2 — Interrupt request priority 2 |
| פין 69 | IRQ1 — Interrupt request priority 1 |
| פין 70 | RESET — External reset input (active low) |
| פין 71 | TCLK — Timer clock input/output |
| פין 72 | ICOCLK — ICO clock output for QSM timer |
| פין 73 | BKGD — Background debug mode pin |
| פין 74 | TDI — JTAG test data input |
| פין 75 | TDO — JTAG test data output |
| פין 76 | TMS — JTAG test mode select |
| פין 77 | TCK — JTAG test clock |
| פין 78 | TRST — JTAG test reset |
| פין 79 | TXD — QSM SCI transmit data |
| פין 80 | RXD — QSM SCI receive data |
| פין 81 | SCK — QSM SPI serial clock |
| פין 82 | MOSI — QSM SPI master-out slave-in |
| פין 83 | MISO — QSM SPI master-in slave-out |
| פין 84 | SS — QSM SPI slave-select |
| פין 85 | OC1 — Output compare 1 (timer) |
| פין 86 | OC2 — Output compare 2 (timer) |
| פין 87 | OC3 — Output compare 3 (timer) |
| פין 88 | OC4 — Output compare 4 (timer) |
| פין 89 | OC5 — Output compare 5 (timer) |
| פין 90 | IC1 — Input capture 1 (timer) |
| פין 91 | IC2 — Input capture 2 (timer) |
| פין 92 | IC3 — Input capture 3 (timer) |
| פין 93 | PAI — Pulse accumulator input |
| פין 94 | PWM1 — Pulse-width modulation 1 |
| פין 95 | PWM2 — Pulse-width modulation 2 |
| פין 96 | PWM3 — Pulse-width modulation 3 |
| פין 97 | PWM4 — Pulse-width modulation 4 |
| פין 98 | PWM5 — Pulse-width modulation 5 |
| פין 99 | PWM6 — Pulse-width modulation 6 |
| פין 100 | MODCLK — Module clock output |
| פין 101 | VF — Version / frequency select |
| פין 102 | VPP — Test/programming voltage |
| פין 103 | TEST — Factory test mode (tie low in application) |
| פין 104 | ADDR20 — External address bus bit 20 |
| פין 105 | ADDR21 — External address bus bit 21 |
| פין 106 | ADDR22 — External address bus bit 22 |
| פין 107 | ADDR23 — External address bus bit 23 (MSB) |
| פין 108 | HALT — Halt request (low-power mode) |
| פין 109 | CD — Clock divide select |
| פין 110 | PWPN — Program write protect (low) |
| פין 111 | QIL — QSM interrupt level |
| פין 112 | QIE — QSM interrupt enable |
| פין 113 | TIL — Timer interrupt level |
| פין 114 | TIE — Timer interrupt enable |
| פין 115 | TST — Test pin (factory only) |
| פין 116 | NC — Not connected (per datasheet) |
| פין 117 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 118 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 119 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 120 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 121 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 122 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 123 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 124 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 125 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 126 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 127 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 128 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 129 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 130 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 131 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 132 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 133 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 134 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 135 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 136 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 137 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 138 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 139 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 140 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 141 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 142 | VSS — Digital ground |
| פין 143 | VDD — Digital supply 5V |
| פין 144 | VSS — Digital ground |
יישומים טיפוסיים
MC68HC16Z1CAG מתאים עבור 6 יישוםs: Automotive Engine Control Units (ECUs), Industrial Automation Controllers, Robotics Motor Controllers, Process Control Instrumentation, Medical Monitoring Equipment, Building Automation HVAC Controllers.
Automotive Engine Control Units (ECUs)
The MC68HC16Z1CAG's deterministic 16-bit CPU16 core and 16 MHz bus clock make it well suited to automotive engine control units where hard-real-time fuel injection and ignition timing loops must complete within bounded interrupt latency. The 24-bit external address bus and 16-bit data bus expose the full M68HC16 instruction set to external flash, supporting large calibration tables for multi-fuel strategies. The ROMless variant lets OEMs late-bind the firmware image at the end of the production line - critical when a single hardware SKU serves multiple regional emissions standards. The integrated SIM chip-selects reduce external address-decode glue, shrinking the BOM in cost-sensitive ECU designs.
מומלץ
Industrial Automation Controllers
Industrial PLCs and motion controllers benefit from the MC68HC16Z1CAG's 16-bit data path and modular M68HC16 peripheral set. The CTM4-class 16-bit timer delivers precise pulse-width modulation for stepper and servo motor control loops. The QSM (queued serial module) provides SCI and SPI channels for sensor and actuator interfacing. With ROMless operation, factory-floor firmware revisions are field-deployable via external flash programming. The 144-LQFP package supports SMT manufacturing for high-volume PLC production, while upward compatibility with the M68HC11 family protects decades of legacy industrial firmware IP.
מומלץ
Robotics Motor Controllers
Robotics motor controllers leverage the MC68HC16Z1CAG's CPU16 hardware multiply/accumulate unit for real-time vector control calculations on multi-axis drives. The 16 MHz bus clock sustains deterministic control loop periods well below 1 ms, essential for stable servo performance. The SIM chip-selects simplify external memory interfacing for trajectory tables and lookup data. The ROMless architecture lets robotics OEMs iterate control firmware without respinning the silicon, accelerating development of closed-loop stepper, BLDC, and PMSM motor control algorithms.
מומלץ
Process Control Instrumentation
Process control transmitters, chart recorders, and PID controllers rely on the MC68HC16Z1CAG's modular peripheral set and robust 144-LQFP packaging. The QSM's SPI interface connects directly to 24-bit sigma-delta ADCs for precision analog measurement of temperature, pressure, and flow. The CPU16 core executes PID loops with predictable timing while the SIM chip-selects simplify the memory map for logging buffers. ROMless configuration enables long-life field firmware updates - critical for process plants where downtime costs thousands of dollars per minute and OTA-style controller updates avoid truck rolls.
מומלץ
Medical Monitoring Equipment
Medical patient monitors and infusion pumps use the MC68HC16Z1CAG for its deterministic 16-bit instruction execution and long-life NXP supply chain. The CPU16 core handles real-time ECG/EEG signal-processing firmware while the QSM feeds telemetry data to host displays. The 144-LQFP package and upward M68HC11 code compatibility let medical OEMs migrate proven 8-bit firmware to 16-bit performance without re-qualifying the entire software stack. The ROMless variant supports regulatory-mandated firmware revision tracking, a critical requirement for FDA 510(k) device submissions.
מומלץ
Building Automation HVAC Controllers
Building automation HVAC controllers leverage the MC68HC16Z1CAG's M68HC11 upward code compatibility to reuse legacy thermostat and damper-control firmware on a 16-bit platform. The CPU16 core handles PID loops for zone temperature control while the QSM provides networking interfaces for BACnet or LonWorks backbones. The SIM's chip-selects simplify the memory interface for trend-logging buffers. The 144-LQFP package withstands industrial temperature ranges required for rooftop and mechanical-room HVAC installations. ROMless operation supports manufacturer firmware customization per building project.
מומלץ
סיכום מוצרים מומלצים
נתוני עזר הנדסיים עבור MC68HC16Z1CAG — השוואה, הנחיות תכנון ומידע על תאימות.
מדריך בחירה
השוואה עם חלופות
| פרמטר | מוצר זה | MC68HC16Z1CAG16 | MC68HC16Z1CAG25 | MC68HC16Z2CAG | MC68HC16Z4CAG | MC68CM16Z1CAG16 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors |
| Package | 144-LQFP (20x20) | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same | 144-LQFP (20x20) - same |
| Bus Clock | 16 MHz | 16 MHz (same) | 25 MHz (+56%) | 16 MHz (same) | 16 MHz (same) | 16 MHz (same) |
| Core | CPU16 | CPU16 (same) | CPU16 (same) | CPU16 (same) | CPU16 + DSP MAC | CPU16 (same) |
| Program Memory | ROMless (external) | ROMless (same) | ROMless (same) | ROMless (same) | ROMless (same) | ROMless (same) |
| On-chip RAM | 1 KB | 1 KB (same) | 1 KB (same) | 2 KB (+100%) | 4 KB (+300%) | 1 KB (same) |
| CAN Module | No | No | No | Yes (added) | Yes (added) | No |
| Special Feature | Standard Z1 | 16 MHz grade marking | Higher speed | +CAN | +DSP MAC | +Crypto accelerator |
| Lifecycle Status | NRND | NRND | NRND | NRND | NRND | NRND |
מבדילים עיקריים
- Higher bus-clock throughput on identical pinout (לעומתMC68HC16Z1CAG25)
- Adds CAN module for in-vehicle networking (לעומתMC68HC16Z2CAG)
- DSP-like MAC engine for motor-control math (לעומתMC68HC16Z4CAG)
- Cryptographic accelerator for secure applications (לעומתMC68CM16Z1CAG16)
- Same package and pinout across the entire family (לעומתMC68HC11 family predecessors)
הערות תכנון
Estimated: Place 0.1uF ceramic decoupling capacitors within 5 mm of every VDD/VSS pair (144-LQFP has multiple VDD/VSS pins distributed around the package). Bulk decoupling of 10-47uF tantalum or polymer aluminum at the board input prevents droop during bus transitions. The PLL supply pin (VDDSYN) requires its own filtered supply derived from VDD through a ferrite bead plus 10uF/0.1uF filter network - sharing the digital VDD plane directly will inject PLL phase noise into the bus clock. Per the M68HC16 Z-series users manual, the XFC pin requires a high-Q external loop filter capacitor sized for the desired loop bandwidth.
ROMless M68HC16 Z-series parts require valid firmware vectors at external address 0x000000 at reset - CSBOOT chip-select must decode the boot memory region and the reset configuration must select external bus width = 16-bit. Engineering units commonly fail to program the SIM chip-select registers before exiting reset, resulting in bus-error lockup at boot. Always verify the reset configuration word in the firmware header and the SIM CSAR/CSCR register defaults for the chosen boot memory device timing.
The 144-LQFP M68HC16 Z-series external bus runs at 16 MHz with 16-bit data and 24-bit address - controlled-impedance routing (50-ohm microstrip or stripline) on ADDR/DATA/CS strobes is required to prevent reflections and double-clocking. Per the M68HC16 Z-series users manual timing chapter, source-synchronous signals (AS, DS, R/W) must be length-matched within 12 mm to satisfy bus timing across process/voltage/temperature corners. Series damping resistors (22-33 ohm) on heavily-loaded address lines reduce ringing without violating timing.
Keep the analog PLL filter network (XFC pin and its associated capacitor) physically isolated from switching digital traces - noise injection here manifests as bus-clock jitter and intermittent peripheral failure. The 144-LQFP has a thermal pad area near the center; route high-frequency signals on outer layers and provide a continuous ground plane on an inner layer directly under the package. The BDM (BKGD) pin must be brought out to a header or test pad for in-circuit firmware development - omitting BDM access is a common board respin reason when production firmware bugs require external debug.
מידע על תאימות
RoHS/REACH/lead-free status not present in verified web data excerpts; for production use, request the formal material declaration from NXP via the product page. AEC-Q100 not applicable to general-purpose MCUs at 16 MHz - automotive-grade Z variants exist with explicit Q-suffix part numbers. Conflict-minerals compliance is implied by NXP corporate policy.
