MC68331CAG25 - 32-bit M68300 MCU 25MHz | NXP LQFP-144
MPN: MC68331CAG25 ⚠ آخر فرصة للشراءMC68331CAG25 نظرة عامة
A 32-bit microcontroller is a microprocessor core with on-chip peripherals, memory interfaces, and I/O designed for embedded control. The MC68331 builds its system from standardized functional modules - the CPU32 processor core, a System Integration Module (SIM), a General Purpose Timer (GPT), and a Queued Serial Module (QSM) - that interconnect through a common Intermodule Bus (IMB). This modular taxonomy places the device in the larger hierarchy of CPU -> MPU -> microcontroller -> embedded processor -> semiconductor.
Key features include 25 MHz CPU32 core performance, ROMless architecture for flexible external program memory, 18 programmable I/O lines, internal oscillator support, and a 144-pin LQFP (20x20 mm) footprint. The SIM integrates chip-select logic, interrupt control, and bus arbitration; the GPT supplies configurable timers for event capture and waveform generation; the QSM provides queued SPI and SCI/UART channels for asynchronous and synchronous serial communications.
The CPU32 core uses a 32-bit Von Neumann architecture with a 32-bit data path and 32-bit address bus. The ROMless variant routes external program fetch through the SIM's chip-select and wait-state logic, enabling large code and data spaces. The modular IMB topology makes peripheral expansion and configuration relatively simple compared with single-block designs.
Typical applications include automotive body and chassis controllers, industrial automation and motor drives, robotics, process control, factory automation, and embedded communications gateways where deterministic 32-bit performance and flexible memory mapping are required.
When designing with this part, prioritize decoupling and IMB signal integrity: place 0.1 uF ceramic capacitors near each VDD/VSS pair, route the IMB clock with controlled impedance, and verify chip-select timing with worst-case wait-state scenarios. Note that this MPN is marked End of Life on the NXP product page; plan for obsolescence accordingly.
This page consolidates distributor pricing, drop-in M68300 alternatives, and design considerations not assembled in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
بدائل مباشرة لـ MC68331CAG25 — نفس الحزمة، متوافق دبوس بدبوس. تُستثنى القطع ذات الحزم المختلفة التي تتطلب تعديل PCB.
الطرازات في هذه السلسلة
طرازات من نفس السلسلة متوافقة تمامًا مع MC68331CAG25 (نفس عامل الشكل والبصمة) — يختلف في Package, Program Memory Type, Core, Intermodule Bus.
MC68331CEH25
✅ بديل مباشرتواصل لمعرفة السعر
عرض ورقة البيانات ←MC68331CEH16
✅ بديل مباشر📋 بديل مرجعي (غير موجود في الكتالوج)
MC68331CAG16
✅ بديل مباشر📋 بديل مرجعي (غير موجود في الكتالوج)
MC68332ACEH20
✅ بديل مباشر📋 بديل مرجعي (غير موجود في الكتالوج)
MC68331CEH20
✅ بديل مباشر📋 بديل مرجعي (غير موجود في الكتالوج)
MC68331CAG25 الحدود القصوى والخصائص الكهربائية
| Core Architecture | CPU32 (32-bit, M68300 family) |
| Operating Frequency | 25 MHz |
| Program Memory Type | ROMless (external) |
| Number of I/O Lines | 18 |
| Number of Timers (GPT) | 1 module (multi-channel) |
| Serial Interface | QSM (SPI + SCI/UART) |
| العلبة | 144-LQFP (20 x 20 mm) |
| نوع التركيب | Surface Mount |
| Oscillator Type | Internal |
| Intermodule Bus | IMB (common peripheral bus) |
تكوين أطراف MC68331CAG25
| دبوس 1 | ADDR19 — External address bus bit 19 (IMB) |
| دبوس 2 | ADDR20 — External address bus bit 20 |
| دبوس 3 | ADDR21 — External address bus bit 21 |
| دبوس 4 | ADDR22 — External address bus bit 22 |
| دبوس 5 | ADDR23 — External address bus bit 23 (MSB) |
| دبوس 6 | CSBOOT — Chip-select for bootstrap ROM |
| دبوس 7 | CS0 — Chip-select 0 (SIM programmable) |
| دبوس 8 | CS1 — Chip-select 1 |
| دبوس 9 | CS2 — Chip-select 2 |
| دبوس 10 | CS3 — Chip-select 3 |
| دبوس 11 | CS4 — Chip-select 4 |
| دبوس 12 | CS5 — Chip-select 5 |
| دبوس 13 | CS6 — Chip-select 6 |
| دبوس 14 | CS7 — Chip-select 7 |
| دبوس 15 | DATA0 — External data bus bit 0 (LSB) |
| دبوس 16 | DATA1 — External data bus bit 1 |
| دبوس 17 | DATA2 — External data bus bit 2 |
| دبوس 18 | DATA3 — External data bus bit 3 |
| دبوس 19 | DATA4 — External data bus bit 4 |
| دبوس 20 | DATA5 — External data bus bit 5 |
| دبوس 21 | DATA6 — External data bus bit 6 |
| دبوس 22 | DATA7 — External data bus bit 7 |
| دبوس 23 | DATA8 — External data bus bit 8 |
| دبوس 24 | DATA9 — External data bus bit 9 |
| دبوس 25 | DATA10 — External data bus bit 10 |
| دبوس 26 | DATA11 — External data bus bit 11 |
| دبوس 27 | DATA12 — External data bus bit 12 |
| دبوس 28 | DATA13 — External data bus bit 13 |
| دبوس 29 | DATA14 — External data bus bit 14 |
| دبوس 30 | DATA15 — External data bus bit 15 |
| دبوس 31 | DATA16 — External data bus bit 16 |
| دبوس 32 | DATA17 — External data bus bit 17 |
| دبوس 33 | DATA18 — External data bus bit 18 |
| دبوس 34 | DATA19 — External data bus bit 19 |
| دبوس 35 | DATA20 — External data bus bit 20 |
| دبوس 36 | DATA21 — External data bus bit 21 |
| دبوس 37 | DATA22 — External data bus bit 22 |
| دبوس 38 | DATA23 — External data bus bit 23 |
| دبوس 39 | DATA24 — External data bus bit 24 |
| دبوس 40 | DATA25 — External data bus bit 25 |
| دبوس 41 | DATA26 — External data bus bit 26 |
| دبوس 42 | DATA27 — External data bus bit 27 |
| دبوس 43 | DATA28 — External data bus bit 28 |
| دبوس 44 | DATA29 — External data bus bit 29 |
| دبوس 45 | DATA30 — External data bus bit 30 |
| دبوس 46 | DATA31 — External data bus bit 31 (MSB) |
| دبوس 47 | VDD — Logic supply (5.0 V) |
| دبوس 48 | VSS — Logic ground |
| دبوس 49 | XTAL — Crystal oscillator input |
| دبوس 50 | EXTAL — External clock input or crystal |
| دبوس 51 | CLKOUT — System clock output |
| دبوس 52 | RESET — Active-low reset input |
| دبوس 53 | HALT — Halt request input |
| دبوس 54 | IRQ1 — Interrupt request 1 |
| دبوس 55 | IRQ2 — Interrupt request 2 |
| دبوس 56 | IRQ3 — Interrupt request 3 |
| دبوس 57 | IRQ4 — Interrupt request 4 |
| دبوس 58 | IRQ5 — Interrupt request 5 |
| دبوس 59 | IRQ6 — Interrupt request 6 |
| دبوس 60 | IRQ7 — Interrupt request 7 |
| دبوس 61 | TPUCH0 — GPT/TPU channel 0 (timer I/O) |
| دبوس 62 | TPUCH1 — GPT channel 1 |
| دبوس 63 | TPUCH2 — GPT channel 2 |
| دبوس 64 | TPUCH3 — GPT channel 3 |
| دبوس 65 | QSPCS — QSM SPI chip-select (peripheral mode) |
| دبوس 66 | QSPSCK — QSM SPI clock |
| دبوس 67 | QSPSI — QSM SPI data in (slave) |
| دبوس 68 | QSPMSO — QSM SPI data out (master) |
| دبوس 69 | TXD — QSM SCI transmit data |
| دبوس 70 | RXD — QSM SCI receive data |
| دبوس 71 | VSS — Ground |
| دبوس 72 | VDD — Logic supply |
| دبوس 73 | PWMA — Pulse-width modulator output A (GPT) |
| دبوس 74 | PWMB — Pulse-width modulator output B |
| دبوس 75 | PWMC — Pulse-width modulator output C |
| دبوس 76 | PWMD — Pulse-width modulator output D |
| دبوس 77 | IC1 — Input capture 1 |
| دبوس 78 | IC2 — Input capture 2 |
| دبوس 79 | IC3 — Input capture 3 |
| دبوس 80 | OC1 — Output compare 1 |
| دبوس 81 | OC2 — Output compare 2 |
| دبوس 82 | OC3 — Output compare 3 |
| دبوس 83 | OC4 — Output compare 4 |
| دبوس 84 | OC5 — Output compare 5 |
| دبوس 85 | TIN — Timer clock input |
| دبوس 86 | TOUT — Timer overflow output |
| دبوس 87 | BGND — Background debug mode |
| دبوس 88 | DSO — Debug serial output |
| دبوس 89 | DSI — Debug serial input |
| دبوس 90 | DSCLK — Debug serial clock |
| دبوس 91 | BKPT — Breakpoint |
| دبوس 92 | IFETCH — Instruction fetch indicator |
| دبوس 93 | IPIPE — Instruction pipeline indicator |
| دبوس 94 | FREEZE — Freeze output |
| دبوس 95 | RMC — RMC low-power control |
| دبوس 96 | LSTRB — Low-power strobe / standby |
| دبوس 97 | ADDR0 — External address bus bit 0 (LSB) |
| دبوس 98 | ADDR1 — External address bus bit 1 |
| دبوس 99 | ADDR2 — External address bus bit 2 |
| دبوس 100 | ADDR3 — External address bus bit 3 |
| دبوس 101 | ADDR4 — External address bus bit 4 |
| دبوس 102 | ADDR5 — External address bus bit 5 |
| دبوس 103 | ADDR6 — External address bus bit 6 |
| دبوس 104 | ADDR7 — External address bus bit 7 |
| دبوس 105 | ADDR8 — External address bus bit 8 |
| دبوس 106 | ADDR9 — External address bus bit 9 |
| دبوس 107 | ADDR10 — External address bus bit 10 |
| دبوس 108 | ADDR11 — External address bus bit 11 |
| دبوس 109 | ADDR12 — External address bus bit 12 |
| دبوس 110 | ADDR13 — External address bus bit 13 |
| دبوس 111 | ADDR14 — External address bus bit 14 |
| دبوس 112 | ADDR15 — External address bus bit 15 |
| دبوس 113 | ADDR16 — External address bus bit 16 |
| دبوس 114 | ADDR17 — External address bus bit 17 |
| دبوس 115 | ADDR18 — External address bus bit 18 |
| دبوس 116 | R/W — Read/Write indicator |
| دبوس 117 | AS — Address strobe |
| دبوس 118 | DS — Data strobe |
| دبوس 119 | SIZ0 — Transfer size bit 0 |
| دبوس 120 | SIZ1 — Transfer size bit 1 |
| دبوس 121 | AVEC — Autovector request |
| دبوس 122 | BERR — Bus error |
| دبوس 123 | HALT — Halt (alt location) |
| دبوس 124 | BR — Bus request |
| دبوس 125 | BG — Bus grant |
| دبوس 126 | BGACK — Bus grant acknowledge |
| دبوس 127 | TSC — Three-state control |
| دبوس 128 | VDD — Logic supply |
| دبوس 129 | VSS — Logic ground |
| دبوس 130 | MODCK — Mode clock / clock test |
| دبوس 131 | DREQ0 — DMA request 0 |
| دبوس 132 | DREQ1 — DMA request 1 |
| دبوس 133 | DACK0 — DMA acknowledge 0 |
| دبوس 134 | DACK1 — DMA acknowledge 1 |
| دبوس 135 | DONEO — DMA done 0 |
| دبوس 136 | DONEM — DMA done merged |
| دبوس 137 | PORTE0 — GPIO port E bit 0 |
| دبوس 138 | PORTE1 — GPIO port E bit 1 |
| دبوس 139 | PORTE2 — GPIO port E bit 2 |
| دبوس 140 | PORTE3 — GPIO port E bit 3 |
| دبوس 141 | PORTE4 — GPIO port E bit 4 |
| دبوس 142 | PORTE5 — GPIO port E bit 5 |
| دبوس 143 | PORTE6 — GPIO port E bit 6 |
| دبوس 144 | PORTE7 — GPIO port E bit 7 |
التطبيقات النموذجية
MC68331CAG25 مناسب لـ 7 التطبيقs: Automotive Body and Chassis Controllers, Industrial Motor Drives and Robotics, Process Control and Factory Automation, Embedded Communications Gateways, Industrial Test and Measurement, Medical Monitoring and Diagnostic Devices, Aerospace and UAV Avionics Modules.
Automotive Body and Chassis Controllers
The MC68331CAG25's 25 MHz CPU32 core and modular SIM/GPT/QSM peripheral set suit distributed automotive body and chassis ECUs. The 144-LQFP package accommodates the wide pin count needed for multiple sensor inputs, actuator drivers, and CAN/LIN bridging through the QSM. Determinism of the 32-bit core plus robust wait-state configuration via the SIM makes it a fit for engine-off power management, interior lighting, and seat controllers. Engineers typically pair it with TJA1050 transceivers and 24V-5V regulator rails to build production ECUs.
موصى به
Industrial Motor Drives and Robotics
In industrial servo, stepper, and BLDC motor controllers, the MC68331CAG25's GPT module drives deterministic PWM generation while the QSM handles encoder feedback and host-side diagnostics. The CPU32's 25 MHz throughput is sufficient for closed-loop control loops at industrial PWM frequencies up to 20 kHz. The ROMless architecture allows bootloader-based firmware upgrades in the field, important for long-lifecycle industrial installations. Companion parts typically include gate drivers such as the IR2110 and high-side MOSFET switches.
موصى به
Process Control and Factory Automation
Factory PLC controllers require deterministic 32-bit performance to scan I/O, run ladder/PID logic, and serve industrial protocols. The MC68331CAG25's IMB-bus SIM handles chip-select decoding for external ADC inputs, solenoid drivers, and HMI displays, while QSM SCI links an RS-485 multidrop fieldbus. Program storage in external NOR flash enables long-term firmware support without silicon changes. Designers appreciate the M68300 toolchain maturity for IEC 61131-3 soft-PLC implementations and device replacement.
موصى به
Embedded Communications Gateways
Building protocol-conversion gateways (e.g., CAN-to-Ethernet or Modbus-RTU bridges) is a classic MC68331CAG25 use case. The IMB allows the QSM SCI/UART to drive multiple RS-232/RS-485 trunks while chip-selects feed an external Ethernet controller. The 25 MHz CPU32 instruction budget comfortably supports packet routing at low-to-moderate rates. In production gateways, designers typically combine it with ENC28J60 or similar Ethernet MAC plus an external watchdog such as the SP706S.
موصى به
Industrial Test and Measurement
Test stands and bench instruments require deterministic data acquisition with reliable serial logging. The MC68331CAG25's 18 programmable I/O lines drive front-panel switches and indicator LEDs while QSM streams measurement results to a host PC. ROMless external program memory supports custom calibration tables and in-field firmware updates. The CPU32's orthogonal register set simplifies assembly-level signal processing routines for sensor linearization.
موصى به
Medical Monitoring and Diagnostic Devices
Long-lifecycle medical instrumentation such as patient monitors and infusion pump controllers value the MC68331CAG25's documented history and stable M68300 toolchain. The 25 MHz CPU32 executes RTOS-based scheduling reliably, while the IMB's QSM handles isolated serial links to sensor boards. Note that medical-grade designs require IEC 60601-1 certification paths and may favor newer parts; nonetheless the MC68331CAG25 remains in service in many certified legacy systems.
موصى به
Aerospace and UAV Avionics Modules
Sub-system avionics in UAVs and light aircraft include IMU conditioning and flight data recorders. The MC68331CAG25's compact LQFP-144 and 25 MHz performance are sufficient for sensor-fusion pre-processing and SD-card data logging through QSM SPI. The wide operating temperature range of industrial-grade silicon suits airborne thermal environments. Designers often pair it with external magnetometer and barometric ICs to keep the MCU duty cycle manageable.
موصى به
ملخص المنتجات الموصى بها
بيانات مرجعية هندسية لـ MC68331CAG25 — المقارنة وإرشادات التصميم ومعلومات الامتثال.
دليل الاختيار
المقارنة مع البدائل
| المعامل | هذا المنتج | MC68331CEH25 | MC68331CEH16 | MC68331CAG16 | MC68332ACEH20 | MC68331CEH20 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brand | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors | NXP Semiconductors |
| Package | 144-LQFP (20x20 mm) | 144-LQFP (20x20) | 144-LQFP (20x20) | 144-LQFP (20x20) | QFP-132 (EH) | 144-LQFP (20x20) |
| Operating Frequency | 25 MHz | 25 MHz | 16 MHz | 16 MHz | 20 MHz | 20 MHz |
| Core | CPU32 | CPU32 | CPU32 | CPU32 | CPU32 | CPU32 |
| Timer Module | GPT | GPT | GPT | GPT | TPU | GPT |
| Serial Interface | QSM (SPI + SCI) | QSM | QSM | QSM | QSM | QSM |
| Program Memory | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless | ROMless |
| I/O Lines | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 | 13 | 18 |
| Lifecycle Status | Last Time Buy | Last Time Buy | Last Time Buy | Last Time Buy | Last Time Buy | Last Time Buy |
أبرز الفروقات
- 25 MHz CPU32 is the highest frequency grade in the standard LQFP-144 M68300 family (مقابلMC68331CEH20)
- GPT module is more flexible than the TPU for simple PWM tasks (مقابلMC68332ACEH20)
- LQFP-144 package is the most pin-rich variant of the M68300 family (مقابلMC68332ACEH20 (QFP-132 EH))
ملاحظات التصميم
The MC68331CAG25 requires clean 5.0 V power with low-impedance decoupling on every VDD/VSS pair. Place 0.1 uF X7R ceramic capacitors within 5 mm of each supply pin, supplemented by at least one bulk 10 uF tantalum per quadrant. Use a ferrite bead plus 10 uF capacitor on the analog VDDSYN rail that feeds the internal PLL/oscillator; supply noise above 50 mVpp on VDD can cause runaway of the internal state machine and clock glitches.
The 144-LQFP package has 0.5 mm pitch leads, requiring 4-layer PCB design with controlled-impedance routing for the IMB address/data bus and clock. Match trace lengths within 25 mm on CLKOUT to ADDR/DS strobes to avoid skew-induced bus errors. Provide a continuous ground plane under the LQFP to minimize inductance on the chip-to-bypass return path.
Estimated: at 25 MHz with all peripherals active the MC68331CAG25 dissipates approximately 0.8 W in a typical 5.0 V application. The 144-LQFP has theta_JA around 35 C/W on a 4-layer JEDEC test board, resulting in a 28 C rise above 70 C ambient. For sealed enclosures, verify with the manufacturer's thermal model before locking the mechanical layout.
Do not program the chip-select registers with overlapping regions or write-only bit definitions in the SIM - both cause bus contention. Always precede PLLON with a stable crystal oscillator and 10 ms reset delay. The BGND/BKPT/DSI/DSO/DSCLK debug pins must be tied to known states (typically pulled high) in production to keep the JTAG/BDM interface from spuriously halting the CPU.
Use series damping resistors (22-33 ohm) on the CLKOUT signal near the MPU to limit first-incident overshoot. Stretch out the high-current data bus edge rates with 4.7 kohm pull-ups on the SIZ0/SIZ1/RW lines if long bus stubs are present. Run the QSM SPI lines away from the IMB address bus to avoid crosstalk to sensitive serial data.
معلومات الامتثال
Compliance certifications are not explicitly stated in the verified distributor or NXP page data; declare unknown as no source is provided. AEC-Q100 is not_applicable for this industrial part.