FPGA & CPLD
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EP2SGX90FF40C5N - Stratix II GX FPGA 90K LE, 40Gbps Tranceivers | Altera
The Altera (now Intel) EP2SGX90FF40C5N is a high-density Stratix II GX FPGA delivering 90,960 logic elements, 4,548 LABs, and embedded 6.375 Gbps multi-gigabit transceivers, housed in a 1,508-ball FineLine BGA package with 1.00 mm ball pitch. It features 650 maximum user I/O pins and operates across industrial-grade temperature ranges with a 1.2 V core supply. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device built around a matrix of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnect, and I/O cells. FPGAs belong to the broader category of programmable logic devices (PLDs), which also include simple CPLDs. Modern FPGAs like the Stratix II GX integrate hard IP cores (transceivers, memory controllers, DSP blocks, processors) alongside the programmable fabric, allowing system designers to implement custom digital logic, high-speed serial protocols, and parallel processing pipelines on a single chip. Key features of the EP2SGX90FF40C5N include up to 6.375 Gbps embedded transceivers supporting protocols such as PCI Express, Serial RapidIO, XAUI, and CEI-6G; dedicated DSP blocks for high-throughput signal processing; TriMatrix memory with up to ~4.5 Mbits of block RAM; and support for external memory interfaces including DDR, DDR2, QDR, and RLDRAM. The device also integrates a hard PCIe endpoint and supports up to four PCIe lanes at Gen1 rates. Architecturally, the Stratix II GX uses a 90 nm process node and an ALM-based logic fabric that delivers improved performance and lower power compared to first-generation Stratix. The 6.375 Gbps transceivers feature adaptive equalization and pre-emphasis, enabling reliable serial link operation across backplanes and across long FR-4 PCB traces. Hard IP for PCI Express eliminates the need for soft IP licensing for that interface. Typical applications include 10 Gbps networking line cards, telecom baseband processing, high-speed serial interface bridging (PCIe to SRIO, XAUI conversion), military radar signal processing, and broadcast video transport. Designers also use the EP2SGX90 family for ASIC prototyping where high logic density and large memory bandwidth are required. When designing with this device, pay close attention to PCB BGA breakout routing, decoupling network placement, and transceiver channel utilization. The 1.00 mm ball pitch is workable but still demands 6-8 layer stackup with microvia or via-in-pad technology for clean signal integrity above 5 Gbps. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives within the Stratix II GX family, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
EP2SGX90FF40C5NES - 90nm Stratix II GX FPGA 90,960 Cells | Altera
The Altera (now Intel) EP2SGX90FF40C5NES is a high-density Stratix II GX Field-Programmable Gate Array built on a 90 nm CMOS process, integrating 90,960 logic cells (4,828 Configurable Logic Blocks) with embedded transceivers and 1.2 V core operation in a 1,508-pin flip-chip BGA (FC-FBGA) package. It targets high-speed serial I/O and DSP-intensive applications, delivering up to 609.76 MHz core performance, multi-gigabit transceivers, and on-chip memory suitable for wireline, wireless backhaul, and high-end ASIC prototyping designs. The 1.2 V core supply, together with dedicated PLL and I/O banks, allows deterministic performance for clock-sensitive data-path logic. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a reconfigurable integrated circuit whose logic fabric, routing, and I/O cells are defined at design-time by the user's bitstream rather than at wafer fab. Within the broader programmable-logic hierarchy, the Stratix II GX family sits in the high-performance transceiver-enabled tier: FPGA -> programmable logic device (PLD) -> logic IC -> integrated circuit -> semiconductor. The 'GX' suffix denotes integrated multi-gigabit transceivers, distinguishing the family from transceiver-less Stratix II 'E' variants and positioning the device above CPLD and low-density FPGA families such as Cyclone II in both logic capacity and serial bandwidth. Key features include 90,960 equivalent logic elements, 4,828 CLBs, embedded transceiver channels capable of multi-gigabit serial rates, dedicated DSP blocks for high-throughput arithmetic, and 90 nm process technology. The Stratix II GX architecture introduces an 'adaptive logic module' (ALM) that combines adaptive LUT and register structures, giving roughly 50 percent greater logic efficiency than previous-generation ALMs. The 1,508-pin FC-FBGA package provides high signal and power-pin density, which is essential for routing the parallel I/O, transceiver lanes, clock tree, and power rails without compromising signal integrity. Architecturally, the device combines a logic fabric of ALMs, embedded M512/M4K/M-RAM memory blocks, and DSP blocks arranged in columns. Multi-gigabit transceivers (CMU channels) sit on the periphery, supporting standard serial protocols and reference-clock forwarding, while PLLs generate the on-chip clocking backbone. The 90 nm process enables higher integration and lower dynamic power per MHz than older 130 nm or 180 nm nodes, although static power at 1.2 V core is non-negligible in dense designs. Typical applications include high-speed serial interface bridging (PCI Express, Serial RapidIO, XAUI, Fibre Channel), wireless baseband signal processing, high-definition video processing, and ASIC prototyping. It is also widely used in telecom line cards, military/aerospace signal processing, and test-and-measurement instrumentation where reconfigurable logic with on-chip transceivers reduces bill of materials. When designing with this device, plan for a robust multi-rail power architecture: 1.2 V core, dedicated PLL analog supply, transceiver supply, and reference-clock supply each require low-noise LDOs and decoupling. Use Altera's Quartus II design suite for synthesis, place-and-route, and timing closure, and consult the Stratix II GX Device Handbook for transceiver PCB layout guidelines. This page consolidates distributor pricing, package-level information, and design guidance for engineers evaluating the EP2SGX90FF40C5NES, including drop-in alternatives from the Stratix II GX family and comparable high-density FPGAs.
EP2SGX90GF1020 - Stratix II GX FPGA, 90K LE, 1020-Pin FCBGA | Altera
The Altera (now Intel) EP2SGX90GF1020 is a high-density Stratix II GX FPGA with approximately 90,560 logic elements, up to 4.5 Mbits of embedded memory, and integrated 3.125 Gbps transceivers, housed in a 1020-ball FineLine BGA (FCBGA) package. It is built on a 90 nm process and features adaptive logic modules (ALMs) that replace the older 4-input LUT architecture, delivering finer-grained logic packing and higher effective logic density per die area. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a reconfigurable integrated circuit containing programmable logic blocks, routing interconnect, and embedded hard IP such as transceivers, block RAM, and DSP blocks. FPGAs sit within the semiconductor hierarchy as programmable logic devices -> reconfigurable digital ICs -> integrated circuits, and are used for prototyping, signal processing, and ASIC replacement where high parallelism, deterministic latency, or post-fabrication design changes are required. Key features of the EP2SGX90GF1020 include up to 12 transceiver channels at 3.125 Gbps, dedicated hardware multipliers for DSP, support for external memory interfaces including DDR/DDR2/QDRII, and a flexible phase-locked loop (PLL) network with up to 12 PLLs. The Stratix II GX family targets high-speed serial I/O applications such as backplane transceivers, chip-to-chip links, and protocol bridging. Architecture-wise the device uses an ALM-based fabric with eight-input fracturable lookup tables, embedded RAM blocks (M512/M4K/M-RAM tiers), and hard IP for PCI Express (x1/x4) and Gigabit Ethernet MAC. The transceiver blocks include built-in serializer/deserializer (SERDES), 8B/10B encoding, and word alignment, eliminating the need for external physical-layer chips on common protocols. Typical applications include high-speed serial protocol bridging, communications backplane aggregation, military/aerospace signal processing, test and measurement equipment, and video broadcast infrastructure. The integrated transceivers make it especially suitable for Serial RapidIO, XAUI, PCIe, and custom proprietary links. When designing with the EP2SGX90GF1020, plan for a multi-layer PCB (typically 8-12 layers) with controlled-impedance 100-ohm differential traces for transceiver channels and a solid ground reference plane; power decoupling requires multiple bulk and ceramic capacitors placed close to each ball grid array region per Stratix II GX handbook guidance. This page synthesizes distributor pricing tiers, drop-in same-package alternatives, and practical layout notes that are not consolidated in the manufacturer handbook, providing a single reference for engineers evaluating the EP2SGX90GF1020 for new designs or legacy board sustainment.
EP3C10E144C7N - Cyclone III FPGA, 10K LEs, 144-LQFP | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C10E144C7N is a low-power, low-cost Cyclone® III Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) delivering 10,320 logic elements, 414 Kbits of embedded memory, and 23 embedded 18x18 multipliers, packaged in a 144-pin LQFP with exposed thermal pad (EQFP-144). It supports up to 94 user I/O pins with four general-purpose PLLs and operates from a 1.15 V to 1.25 V core supply, achieving up to 437.5 MHz internal clock performance. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a class of programmable logic device that lets engineers implement arbitrary digital logic, signal processing, and interconnect functions through a configurable array of logic elements (LEs), embedded multipliers, block RAM (BRAM), and programmable I/O. FPGAs sit hierarchically between ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) and CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), offering higher density than CPLDs and far lower NRE cost than ASICs - making them ideal for low- to mid-volume designs, prototyping, and time-to-market-critical applications. Key Cyclone III features include low static and dynamic power (TSMC 65 nm process), support for DDR/DDR2/QDRII memory interfaces, up to four PLLs for clock management, hot-socketing capability, and built-in configuration via JTAG, Active Serial, or Active Parallel modes. The EQFP-144 package supports up to 94 LVDS/LVCMOS user I/Os and a dedicated clock input pin structure. Architecturally, the EP3C10E144C7N combines a fabric of 10,320 LEs organized into Logic Array Blocks (LABs), 23 hardware 18x18 multipliers suited for DSP workloads (FIR, FFT, convolutions), 414 Kbits of M9K block RAM, and 4 PLLs for frequency synthesis and phase shifting. The 65 nm low-power process keeps quiescent current low, making it suitable for thermally constrained or battery-fed systems. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing bridges, communication protocol bridging (SPI/I2C/UART to parallel buses), low-density DSP accelerators, embedded controller glue logic, and educational/hobbyist digital-design platforms. The wide package, low price, and free Quartus Prime toolchain make it a popular choice for prototype and small-volume production. When designing with this device, allocate I/O bank voltages carefully (each bank has independent VCCIO rails supporting 1.2V/1.5V/1.8V/2.5V/3.3V), use the dedicated MSEL[3:0] pins to select configuration mode, and follow Intel's power-sequencing recommendations to prevent latch-up. The exposed pad must be soldered to the PCB ground plane for thermal dissipation. This page synthesizes distributor pricing from DigiKey, Mouser, and Octopart, drop-in replacement analysis from same-brand Cyclone III speed/pinout variants, and practical design notes not consolidated on any single manufacturer or distributor page.
EP3C10E144C8N - 10K LE Cyclone III FPGA, 144-LQFP | Intel / Altera
The Intel / Altera EP3C10E144C8N is a low-cost, low-power Cyclone III Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) providing 10,320 logic elements, 423,936 bits of embedded memory, and 94 user I/O in a 144-pin LQFP Exposed Pad package. Operating at the commercial speed grade 8 with a commercial (0C to +85C) junction temperature rating, this device leverages a 65 nm TSMC process and targets cost-sensitive, high-volume designs where board space, power budget, and unit cost dominate the trade-off matrix. The 'C8' suffix denotes the speed grade, while the 'N' indicates a lead-free, RoHS-compliant package finish, and the '144' prefix specifies the LQFP-144 pin count. Cyclone III FPGAs occupy the entry-to-mid tier of the Altera/Intel programmable logic family hierarchy, sitting below the Cyclone IV and Cyclone V families in process node and absolute performance, but offering an unusually competitive dollar-per-logic-element ratio. The EP3C10E144C8N specifically is positioned for glue logic, custom peripheral interfacing, LED and video signal conditioning, motor control coprocessors, and mid-complexity DSP pipelines. Its built-in 18x18 multipliers, embedded RAM blocks, and PLL-based clock management make it well suited to small signal-processing farms where the flexibility of an FPGA outperforms a fixed-function MCU. The 144-pin LQFP with exposed pad provides a robust thermal path for the device's sub-watt typical power envelope and supports hand-solderable prototyping on 0.5 mm-pitch PCBs. Integrated features include 66 (7 for 9-bit) embedded 18x18 multipliers, two PLLs, and up to 414 Kbits of M9K block RAM distributed across the fabric. Designers benefit from Quartus II / Quartus Prime support, a mature IP library, and reference designs covering Nios II soft-core integration. Typical applications include industrial control and machine vision front-ends, low-cost video processing (e.g., LCD timing controllers and HDMI bridge boards), consumer electronics requiring custom I/O expansion, low-bandwidth software-defined radio front-ends, and educational / university FPGA training platforms. The exposed-pad LQFP package is especially useful for designs that need a 1.0 mm-pitch SMT footprint without the routing complexity of fine-pitch BGA alternatives. When designing with this part, allocate adequate copper area under the exposed pad for thermal dissipation and ensure I/O bank voltages match the 1.2 V / 2.5 V / 3.3 V supported standards. Engineers migrating from Cyclone II should note the 65 nm process change and updated configuration scheme, which requires a fresh Quartus project compilation. According to the Altera Cyclone III Device Handbook, configuration is supported via JTAG, Active Serial (EPCS), or Passive Serial modes, with dedicated MSEL[3:0] strap pins selecting the mode at power-up.
EP3C10E144I7 - Cyclone III FPGA, 10K LE, 144-LQFP | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C10E144I7 is a low-cost Cyclone III FPGA delivering 10,320 logic elements, 423,936 bits of embedded memory, and 23 embedded 18x18 multipliers in a 144-pin EQFP/LQFP-Exposed-Pad package. Built on a 65nm process and rated for the industrial temperature range (-40C to +100C), the device targets cost-sensitive high-volume applications where FPGAs were previously uneconomical. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor integrated circuit built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnect, and I/O cells that can be reconfigured after manufacturing. Within the broader semiconductor taxonomy, FPGAs sit alongside ASICs, microcontrollers, and DSPs in the programmable logic domain, which itself belongs to the larger class of logic ICs and integrated circuits. Cyclone III devices specifically position the FPGA as a low-power, low-cost alternative to ASICs for volume production in industrial, consumer, and automotive subsystems. Key features of the EP3C10E144I7 include 10,320 logic elements, 46 M9K memory blocks totaling 414 Kbits, 23 dedicated 18x18 hardware multipliers for DSP workloads, and 94 user I/O pins with support for multiple I/O standards including LVDS, LVCMOS, SSTL, and PCI. The device includes four phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management and supports configuration via JTAG, Active Serial, or Active Parallel modes. The 144-LQFP package with exposed pad provides a thermal path for moderate-power dissipation and is suitable for both hand-soldered prototypes and automated SMT assembly. Cyclone III architecture uses a four-input LUT-based logic element, embedded memory blocks (M9K) that can be configured as RAM, ROM, or FIFO, and dedicated multiplier blocks for high-performance DSP pipelines. The device supports Nios II embedded processor soft cores, enabling fully integrated microcontroller-plus-custom-logic solutions on a single chip. Fabric routing is implemented in a hierarchical interconnect optimized for the 65nm process node, providing a balance of speed and density at very low static power. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing bridges, low-cost protocol bridging (PCI to local bus, UART to memory), consumer display controllers, and education/DIY development platforms. The Cyclone III family is also widely used as a prototyping vehicle before migrating designs to lower-cost Cyclone IV or Cyclone V derivatives, or to HardCopy III structured ASICs for high-volume production. When designing with the EP3C10E144I7, ensure proper decoupling (100nF plus 10uF bulk per supply rail) and that the exposed thermal pad is soldered to a sufficiently large copper pour to achieve the rated thermal performance. Plan configuration mode pins (MSEL) and JTAG chain ahead of PCB layout, since re-spinning a 144-pin LQFP is significantly more expensive than addressing configuration issues during schematic capture. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in FPGA alternatives (e.g., EP3C10E144C7N, EP3C10E144C8N), practical design notes, and pinout references not consolidated in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
EP3C10E144I7N - Cyclone III FPGA, 10K LE, 144-LQFP | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C10E144I7N is a low-power, low-cost Cyclone® III Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) built on a 65nm CMOS process, offering 10,320 logic elements, 423,936 bits of embedded memory, and 66 (9x9) multipliers, housed in a 144-pin LQFP package with exposed thermal pad. Key features include 94 user I/O pins, two general-purpose PLLs, 23 embedded 18x18 multipliers, 46 M9K memory blocks, and a core supply of 1.2V with I/O supply supporting LVDS, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards. The device operates at a maximum internal clock frequency of approximately 472.5 MHz, supported by Cyclone III's low static and dynamic power architecture. The Cyclone III family (EP3C family) is a programmable logic device sitting in the broader hierarchy of FPGA -> programmable logic -> semiconductor. FPGAs contain configurable logic blocks (CLBs/LEs), programmable interconnect, embedded memory, and dedicated hardware such as PLLs and multipliers, enabling parallel hardware acceleration, custom peripheral interfacing, and glue-logic integration. The Cyclone III family in particular targets cost-sensitive, power-sensitive applications where higher-end Stratix devices are over-specified. This specific variant EP3C10E144I7N is the 144-LQFP / EQFP-144 commercial-grade option, with the 'I7' suffix indicating the industrial temperature range (-40°C to +100°C junction), and the 'N' suffix denoting lead-free / RoHS-compliant packaging. The 144-LQFP footprint enables low-cost PCB assembly using standard SMT lines, making it attractive for industrial control, motor drive, video processing, and consumer designs. Typical applications include industrial motor control (using the embedded multipliers for FOC algorithms), video surveillance image processing, automotive infotainment prototyping, low-cost software-defined radio front-ends, and display controllers for industrial HMMIs. The device's embedded M9K memory blocks efficiently buffer video line storage, while the PLLs synthesize the pixel clock from an external reference. When designing with this FPGA, pay attention to the bank-by-bank I/O supply voltage configuration, use the Quartus II (or newer Quartus Prime) toolchain for synthesis, place decoupling capacitors near each VCCINT/VCCIO supply pin, and follow the exposed-pad PCB layout guideline for the EPAD thermal dissipation pad. Consider migrating to the Cyclone IV E (EP4CE10) family for new designs because Cyclone III is approaching end-of-life. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-package alternatives, and practical design notes that complement - but do not duplicate - the manufacturer datasheet.
EP3C10F256C6 - Cyclone III FPGA, 10K LE, 256-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (Altera) EP3C10F256C6 is a low-cost, low-power Cyclone III FPGA delivering 10,320 logic elements, 423,936 bits of embedded memory, and 182 user I/Os in a 256-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA-256) package. It is built on a 60 nm process and is targeted at cost-sensitive applications where the high transceiver count and transceiver rate of mid-range Cyclone IV/V devices are unnecessary, but where a flexible programmable fabric is still required. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a type of programmable logic device that allows designers to configure the device's logic blocks, routing, and I/O behavior after manufacture. Within the programmable logic hierarchy, FPGAs sit at the top, above CPLDs (Complex Programmable Logic Devices), and are used to implement everything from simple glue logic to complete processor subsystems, DSP pipelines, and high-speed interface bridges. Key features of the EP3C10F256C6 include 23 embedded 18x18 multipliers, 2 PLLs for clock management, support for LVDS, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards, and a core voltage range that enables operation from typical 1.15 V to 1.25 V supplies with I/O voltages scalable to 3.3 V. It uses SRAM-based configuration, requiring an external configuration memory such as the EPCS4 or EPCS16 serial flash, and supports JTAG and Active Serial (AS) configuration modes. The device is fabricated on TSMC's 60 nm low-power process and consumes approximately 120 mW of static power under typical conditions, with dynamic power scaling with toggle rate and design utilization. Designers can use the free Quartus II Web Edition (and later Intel Quartus Prime Lite) toolchain to synthesize, place-and-route, and program the device using Verilog HDL or VHDL. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing bridges, low-cost I/O expansion, custom interface converters (UART to parallel, SPI to LVDS), test and measurement instrumentation, and educational or prototyping boards. The 256-FBGA package offers sufficient I/O density for mid-complexity designs while remaining hand-reworkable with proper hot-air rework equipment. When designing with this part, pay careful attention to decoupling: place 100 nF and 10 uF capacitors within 5 mm of every VCCINT and VCCIO pin pair, and follow Altera's Cyclone III hardware design guide for the PCB footprint. The configuration scheme (AS vs JTAG) must be selected via MSEL[3:0] pins during board bring-up. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-family alternatives, and practical Quartus II design notes that complement - rather than duplicate - the manufacturer datasheet.
EP3C10F256C6N - Cyclone III FPGA, 10K LE, 256-BGA | Intel / Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C10F256C6N is a Cyclone III family low-power Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) housed in a 256-ball FineLine BGA package. It integrates 10,320 logic elements (LEs), 423,936 bits of embedded memory, and 182 user I/O pins, delivering a balanced logic/memory ratio for cost-sensitive programmable logic designs. The device is fabricated on TSMC's 65 nm low-power process and targets static power consumption roughly 25 percent lower than the previous Cyclone II generation, making it well suited to thermally constrained embedded systems. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and dedicated hard-IP blocks such as block RAM, DSP multipliers, and high-speed transceivers. The FPGA occupies the top of the programmable logic hierarchy, sitting between fixed-function ASICs and software-driven microcontrollers. FPGAs belong to the broader category of programmable logic devices (PLDs), which also include older CPLD architectures; an FPGA provides finer-grained logic, more embedded memory, and parallel DSP capability, while a CPLD delivers faster, deterministic non-volatile boot. In a complete embedded system, an FPGA typically handles parallel data-path processing, custom interface bridging, or hardware acceleration alongside a host processor. Key features of the EP3C10F256C6N include 182 maximum user I/Os supporting LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and differential LVDS signalling, two PLL blocks for flexible clock synthesis, and an on-chip configuration controller that supports JTAG (IEEE 1149.1), Active Serial (AS), and Active Parallel (AP) configuration modes. The device also provides up to 46 embedded 18x18 multipliers for DSP, supporting common fixed-point filtering and FFT workloads without external arithmetic accelerators. Architecturally, the Cyclone III device is built around LABs (Logic Array Blocks) containing 16 LEs each, routed through a multi-level interconnect with predictable timing closure. Hard IP blocks include M9K memory blocks (each 9 Kbit) that can be cascaded to implement FIFO, ROM, RAM, or dual-port buffers. Two dedicated PLLs provide frequency synthesis, phase shifting, and clock de-skew, simplifying board-level clock-tree design for protocols such as DDR/DDR2 SDRAM. Typical applications include industrial control and motor-drive interfaces, video/display bridging and image preprocessing, low-cost software-defined radio (SDR) baseband blocks, ASIC prototyping, and custom peripheral expansion for microcontrollers. The wide I/O count also makes it suitable for parallel data acquisition, custom bus bridges, and educational development boards. When designing with the EP3C10F256C6N, supply all four VCCINT/VCCIO banks with properly decoupled bulk and ceramic capacitors, and route configuration signals (nCONFIG, nSTATUS, CONF_DONE) carefully away from switching I/O to avoid false reconfiguration. Leave at least 30 percent of logic utilization free for place-and-route closure, and verify pin assignments in Quartus II pin-planner before layout sign-off. This page synthesises distributor pricing as of 2026-09-09, drop-in alternative candidates, and practical design notes not collated in the manufacturer datasheet, giving procurement and design engineers an AEO-optimised reference in one place.
EP3C10F256C8N - 10K LEs, 182 I/O Cyclone III FPGA | Altera/Intel
The Altera (now Intel) EP3C10F256C8N is a Cyclone III family low-power FPGA with 10,320 logic elements, 423,936 bits of embedded RAM, 182 user I/Os, and 645 logic array blocks (LABs), housed in a 256-pin FineLine BGA package measuring 17 mm x 17 mm x 1.8 mm. It supports a 1.15 V to 1.25 V core supply (1.2 V nominal) and a maximum internal operating frequency of 402 MHz, targeting cost-sensitive high-volume applications. What is a Cyclone III FPGA? Cyclone III is the third-generation low-power FPGA family from Altera/Intel fabricated on a 60 nm process, sitting in the broader taxonomy of programmable logic devices (PLD) -> field-programmable gate array (FPGA) -> low-power FPGA -> SRAM-based FPGA -> semiconductor IC. It is engineered specifically for low static and dynamic power dissipation while integrating sufficient logic, memory and DSP resources to displace ASICs and ASSPs in volume production. Key features of the EP3C10F256C8N include 23 embedded 18 x 18 multipliers (about 0.5 M Gates of equivalent logic), support for external memory interfaces such as DDR/DDR2/QDRII SRAM, embedded PLL-based clock management, Nios II soft-core processor compatibility, and the standard Altera Quartus II design flow. The device is RoHS-compliant, lead-free, and operates over the commercial 0 C to 85 C junction temperature range. Technically, the EP3C10F256C8N integrates 10,320 logic elements organized into 645 LABs, 414 Kbits of embedded RAM (M9K blocks), 23 dedicated 18 x 18 multipliers for DSP, and four PLLs. The 256-pin FineLine BGA provides 182 general-purpose user I/Os supporting LVDS, LVCMOS, SSTL and other single-ended and differential I/O standards with hot-socketing capability and configurable drive strength. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing and display bridges, automotive infotainment (non-safety), consumer electronics control planes, communications line cards, and cost-optimized ASIC replacement. Its low power and high logic density at sub-$30 unit pricing make it suitable for both prototyping and volume production. When designing with this part, plan the power distribution network around the 1.2 V core and per-bank I/O supplies, and use the Altera Quartus II development environment for synthesis, place-and-route, and timing closure. Ensure the PCB BGA layout follows Intel's recommended 1 mm pitch escape routing and that decoupling capacitors are placed as close to the package as possible. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, verified cross-references within the Cyclone III family, and practical design notes not consolidated in the manufacturer datasheet, giving engineers a faster path to selection.
EP3C10F256I7N - 10K LE Cyclone III FPGA, 256-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (Altera) EP3C10F256I7N is a low-power, low-cost FPGA from the Cyclone III family built on a 65 nm process, offering 10,320 logic elements, 423,936 bits of embedded memory, and 182 user I/O pins in a 256-ball FineLine BGA package with 1.2 V core operation. It targets high-volume, cost-sensitive designs where FPGA flexibility is required but ASIC-like NRE costs are not justified. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a programmable logic device whose architecture consists of an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable routing fabric, dedicated DSP blocks, and embedded memory blocks (M9K/M144K). FPGAs belong to the larger programmable logic hierarchy: FPGA -> programmable logic -> digital logic IC -> semiconductor. Cyclone III devices specifically target the low-power end of the FPGA market, delivering ASIC-like fabric density while preserving in-system reprogrammability for design iteration and field upgrades. Key features of the EP3C10F256I7N include 182 maximum user I/O pins (supporting LVDS, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards), 46 embedded 18x18 multipliers for DSP functions, two PLLs per device for clock management, and up to 1.4 Mbits of RAM. The device operates across an industrial temperature range of -40C to +125C with a 1.2 V core supply, and its 65 nm process technology yields substantially lower static and dynamic power than its Cyclone II predecessor. Architecturally, the Cyclone III device uses a Look-Up Table (LUT)-based fabric with M9K memory blocks and dedicated 18x18 multipliers. The 65 nm process enables tight integration while keeping die cost low, and the FineLine BGA-256 package provides high signal density within a 17x17 mm footprint suitable for space-constrained PCBs. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing, automotive driver assistance, software-defined radio, consumer display controllers, and embedded system prototyping. The device is well suited for parallel processing and signal-integrating tasks. When designing with the EP3C10F256I7N, careful attention to power rail sequencing (1.2 V core and 2.5 V/3.3 V I/O supplies) and JTAG configuration is required. Configuration via Altera/Intel Quartus II software supports JTAG, Active Serial (AS), and Passive Serial (PS) modes for flexible boot options. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternative listings from same-family Cyclone III devices, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
EP3C120F484C7N - Cyclone III FPGA 119K LE 484-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C120F484C7N is a high-density Cyclone III Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) delivering 119,088 logic elements, 3,981,312 bits of embedded memory, and 283 embedded 18x18 multipliers in a 484-ball FineLine BGA package. Fabricated on a low-power 65 nm process, the device operates from a 1.2 V core supply and supports I/O voltages from 1.2 V to 3.3 V via eight I/O banks. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a class of programmable logic device containing an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnects, and dedicated hard IP such as block RAM and DSP blocks. FPGAs occupy a unique position in the digital hierarchy between fixed-function ASICs (more integration, higher NRE) and microcontrollers (less flexibility, lower performance), offering hardware-level parallelism and reconfigurable logic for high-throughput signal processing, glue logic, and rapid prototyping. Key features of the EP3C120F484C7N include up to 472 MHz internal operation, four phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management, 20 global clock networks, and support for external memory interfaces including DDR, DDR2, QDRII, and RLDRAM II. The 484-pin FBGA package (23 x 23 mm, 1.0 mm pitch) provides robust thermal and electrical performance suitable for industrial-temperature designs, while the Cyclone III family architecture eliminates the need for dedicated configuration devices when using active serial (AS) configuration from low-cost EPCS flash. Architecturally, the EP3C120F484C7N combines logic elements organized into Logic Array Blocks (LABs), each containing 16 LEs plus associated carry and control logic. The embedded multiplier blocks support 18x18 signed multiplication natively, and the M9K memory blocks deliver true dual-port operation at 315 MHz, enabling simultaneous read/write access to the same storage location without arbitration. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing and display controllers, software-defined radio, telecommunications line cards, ASIC prototyping, and embedded vision systems. The combination of high logic density and low static power consumption also makes Cyclone III devices attractive for portable and thermally constrained designs where larger FPGAs would be impractical. When designing with this device, carefully plan I/O bank assignments to avoid mixed-voltage conflicts and ensure the PLL reference clock inputs meet the jitter specifications of the targeted data rate. The Quartus II design software (version 13.0 and earlier) is the canonical toolchain for compilation, fitting, and timing closure. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, same-brand Cyclone III drop-in alternatives, and practical Quartus II design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
EP3C120F484I7 - 119K LEs Cyclone III FPGA 484-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C120F484I7 is a high-density Cyclone III Field-Programmable Gate Array delivering 119,088 logic elements, 3,981,312 bits of embedded memory, and 283 user I/Os in a 484-ball FineLine BGA package. Built on a low-power 65 nm process, the device operates from a 1.2 V core supply and supports industrial temperature grades from -40C to +100C. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a reconfigurable semiconductor device that lets engineers implement arbitrary digital logic, memory blocks, and DSP functions on a single die after manufacturing. Within the broader taxonomy, an FPGA sits under programmable logic devices (PLD) -> logic ICs -> integrated circuits, sitting alongside CPLDs and ASICs as a flexible alternative to fixed-function chips. FPGAs such as Cyclone III are commonly used in cost-sensitive, high-volume applications where ASIC NRE is unjustified but ASSP flexibility is insufficient. Key specifications of the EP3C120F484I7 include 119,088 logic elements, 3,981,312 bits of RAM, 576 embedded 18x18 multipliers, and 4 PLLs for clock management. The 484-FBGA package measures 23 x 23 mm with a 1.0 mm ball pitch and supports up to 283 user I/Os across 8 I/O banks. Peripherals and hard IP blocks include embedded memory blocks (M9K), a configuration interface, and high-speed LVDS support on selected pins. The Cyclone III architecture uses an SRAM-based LUT fabric with dedicated routing, M9K memory blocks, and 18x18 multiplier blocks for DSP workloads. Compared to earlier Cyclone generations, Cyclone III introduced a 65 nm process node that cut core power by roughly 50 percent while raising logic density, making the EP3C120F484I7 suitable for power-sensitive designs that still need very large logic capacity. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing pipelines, software-defined radio prototyping, and high-volume telecom line cards. The 283 available user I/Os also enable rich external connectivity for memory expansion, parallel sensor buses, and high-speed LVDS interfaces. When designing with the EP3C120F484I7, ensure all eight I/O banks are powered from rails within their respective VCCIO ranges and that decoupling follows Altera's power distribution network guidance. Configuration via JTAG or a passive serial EPCS device should be planned early to minimize board rework. This page consolidates distributor pricing, drop-in same-package alternatives from the Cyclone III family, and practical design notes that supplement the manufacturer datasheet with information useful for sourcing and second-source decisions.
EP3C120F484I7N - Cyclone III FPGA 119K LE | 484-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C120F484I7N is a high-density Cyclone III Field-Programmable Gate Array delivering 119,088 logic elements, 3,981,312 bits of embedded memory, and 283 18x18 multipliers in a 484-pin FineLine BGA (FBGA-484) package. It is built on a low-power 65 nm TSMC process and supports internal operating frequencies up to 472 MHz. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device whose digital logic, interconnect, and I/O behavior are defined by a user-supplied configuration bitstream rather than at the factory. FPGAs sit between general-purpose microcontrollers and fixed ASICs in the programmable-logic hierarchy: microcontrollers run software sequentially, FPGAs run massively parallel custom hardware, and ASICs are faster but cannot be reconfigured. Cyclone III belongs to Intel's low-cost, low-power FPGA family, optimized for high-volume cost-sensitive applications. Key features include 119,088 logic elements distributed across 7,443 logic array blocks (LABs), 4 M9K embedded memory blocks totaling approximately 4 Mbits, 288 18x18 hardware multipliers for DSP, and 8 user I/O banks supporting LVDS, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards. The device operates from a 1.15 V to 1.25 V core supply with separate VCCIO banks for I/O flexibility. Cyclone III uses a logic-element (LE) based fabric with 4-input LUTs, dedicated carry chains for arithmetic, and embedded RAM blocks. The -I7 speed grade places the part in the mid-fast tier; the -I7N suffix denotes the industrial temperature range (-40 °C to +100 °C ambient) and lead-free / Pb-free packaging. The 484-pin FBGA measures 23 mm x 23 mm with 1.0 mm pitch. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing pipelines, automotive driver-assistance prototypes, software-defined radio baseband, and high-volume consumer signal conditioning. Cyclone III FPGAs are pin-compatible across density grades within the same package, allowing board reuse as designs migrate from EP3C25 to EP3C120. When designing with the EP3C120F484I7N, ensure that all four dedicated clock input pins are routed cleanly and that the JTAG chain (TCK, TMS, TDI, TDO) is accessible for in-system programming with a USB-Blaster or compatible download cable. Decoupling follows the Quartus II reference schematic: 0.1 uF and 10 uF capacitors near each power pin. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, same-package alternatives, and Quartus II design considerations not found in the standalone datasheet.
EP3C120F780C7AD - Cyclone III FPGA 119K LE FBGA-780 | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) Cyclone III EP3C120F780C7AD is a low-power, high-volume SRAM-based Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) integrating 119,088 logic elements in a 780-pin FineLine Ball-Grid Array (FBGA) package. Built on TSMC's 65nm low-power process, this Cyclone III variant delivers up to 3.9 Mb of embedded memory, four phase-locked loops (PLLs), 531 multipliers, and 20 global clock networks, while consuming as little as 0.5 W of dynamic power at typical clock rates. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that allows designers to configure digital logic blocks, interconnect, and I/O after fabrication. FPGAs sit within the broader hierarchy: programmable logic -> logic IC -> integrated circuit -> semiconductor, occupying the same engineering space as CPLDs, but offering far higher logic density, embedded RAM/DSP blocks, and high-speed transceivers in larger devices. Cyclone III specifically targets cost-sensitive, power-conscious volume applications such as video processing, motor control, automotive driver assistance, and industrial communication. Key features of the EP3C120F780C7AD include 119,088 logic elements (LEs), 3,981 Kbits (approximately 498 Kbytes) of embedded RAM organized as M9K blocks, 288 18x18 hardware multipliers for DSP, and four PLLs. The device supports LVDS, LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards across up to 20 global clock networks, with user I/O counts in the 400+ range depending on package pinout. Configuration is supported through JTAG, Active Serial, and Passive Serial modes, with on-chip encryption (AES) for design security. The Cyclone III architecture uses a logic-element fabric with 8-input adaptive look-up tables (ALUTs), each capable of implementing any 6-input function or two independent 4-input functions. Embedded M9K memory blocks support true dual-port, simple dual-port, and single-port modes with parity bits, enabling efficient buffering, FIFO, and shift-register implementations. The DSP blocks natively support 18x18 multiplication with optional add/subtract/accumulate, eliminating the need for soft-multiplier inference in DSP pipelines. Typical applications for the EP3C120F780C7AD span HD video bridging and image processing, industrial motor control and servo drives, automotive infotainment and driver-assistance modules, telecommunications line cards, software-defined radio (SDR) baseband, and embedded industrial protocols such as EtherCAT, PROFINET, and EtherNet/IP. The combination of high logic count, on-chip DSP, and low power also makes it suitable for portable medical instrumentation and handheld test equipment. When designing with the EP3C120F780C7AD, plan the power budget across core, I/O, and PLL rails. Use the Quartus II PowerPlay early power estimator before layout to size decoupling and rail sequencing. Maintain controlled-impedance PCB traces for high-speed LVDS links, and route clock and PLL analog supplies through dedicated ferrite filters to minimize jitter.
EP3C120F780C7N - 119K Logic Element Cyclone III FPGA | Intel / Altera
The Intel (formerly Altera) Cyclone III EP3C120F780C7N is a high-density, low-power Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) built on a 65 nm low-k dielectric process, delivering 119,088 logic elements, 3,981,312 bits of embedded memory, and 531 hardware multipliers inside a 780-pin FineLine BGA (FBGA) package. The 'C7' speed grade supports a core clock rate up to 437.5 MHz while operating from a 1.2 V core supply, and the 'N' suffix denotes lead-free / Pb-free terminations compliant with RoHS. Cyclone III positioned the family for cost-sensitive, high-volume applications where Cyclone II was too small and Stratix families were over-spec. A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that lets designers implement arbitrary digital logic, memory blocks, and DSP functions by loading a configuration bitstream after PCB assembly. Within the broader semiconductor taxonomy, the EP3C120F780C7N sits inside the hierarchy programmable logic -> FPGA -> SRAM-based FPGA -> low-cost FPGA. Unlike ASICs, FPGAs can be reconfigured in the field, enabling rapid prototyping, late-stage design changes, and hardware reuse across product variants without respinning silicon. Key features of the EP3C120F780C7N include up to 531 embedded 18x18 multipliers for DSP, 4 PLLs with multiple outputs, support for external memory interfaces including DDR, DDR2, and QDR II SRAM, and 8 phase-locked clock networks. The device exposes up to 429 user I/O pins depending on configuration scheme and supports hot-socketing, joint Test Action Group (JTAG) boundary-scan, and Active Serial / Fast Active Parallel configuration modes via the dedicated configuration pins. Cyclone III also introduced dedicated hard IP for PCIe Gen1 soft cores implemented in fabric. Technically, the Cyclone III architecture uses 4-input look-up tables (LUT4) clustered into logic array blocks (LABs), with embedded M9K memory blocks that can be configured as RAM, ROM, or shift registers. The 65 nm process and 1.2 V core reduce dynamic power consumption versus the prior Cyclone II generation while increasing logic density roughly 4x. The device supports LVDS, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards and provides on-chip termination (OCT) for signal-integrity-critical interfaces. Typical applications include industrial motor control and machine vision, automotive driver-assistance ADAS prototypes, video processing and broadcast equipment, software-defined radio (SDR) baseband, low-cost DSP front ends, and PCI Express endpoint cards. Designers select the EP3C120F780C7N when they need Stratix-class capacity at Cyclone-class pricing and power budgets. When designing with this part, note that 780-pin FBGA requires high-density PCB routing with microvia stack-ups, the dedicated configuration pins (nCONFIG, nSTATUS, CONF_DONE, MSEL[3:0]) must be pulled correctly for the chosen configuration mode, and unused I/O banks must be powered and grounded per the datasheet to prevent floating inputs. This page synthesizes distributor inventory data, parametric drop-in candidates, and practical layout notes that complement the official Cyclone III Device Handbook rather than replace it.
EP3C120F780C7NAD - Cyclone III FPGA, 119K LEs, 780-FBGA | Altera
The Altera (Intel Programmable Solutions Group) EP3C120F780C7NAD is a Cyclone III family Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) housed in a 780-ball FineLine BGA package (FBGA-780, 23 × 23 mm, 1.0 mm pitch). It integrates 119,088 logic elements, 3,981 Kbits of embedded memory, and 4 PLLs in a low-power 60-nm process node, targeting cost-sensitive high-volume applications. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor integrated circuit whose logic fabric, interconnect, and I/O behavior are defined by a user-supplied configuration bitstream after manufacture. In the broader taxonomy, this part sits at FPGA → programmable logic device (PLD) → digital IC → semiconductor. Cyclone III devices are positioned below the high-end Stratix family and above legacy Cyclone II; they are widely used where designers need tens of thousands of logic elements, hardware parallelism, and moderate DSP capability without the power and price of high-end FPGAs. Key features of this device include 119,088 logic elements, 3,981 Kbits of embedded RAM (M9K blocks), 4 phase-locked loops, 531 user I/O pins, and 4 embedded multiplier blocks (18 × 18). It supports multiple I/O standards including LVDS, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL, with per-pin dynamic impedance and slew-rate control. The C7 speed grade operates with internal clock frequencies up to 472 MHz and supports commercial temperature operation. The Cyclone III architecture combines an LAB (Logic Array Block) structure built from adaptive logic modules (ALMs), an island-style routing network, and column/row-based embedded memory and multiplier blocks. Power consumption is reduced by leveraging a 1.2 V core voltage, low-k dielectric process, and programmable power-on-demand per LAB. Configuration is supported via JTAG, Active Serial (AS), Active Parallel (AP), and Passive Serial (PS) modes using Altera/Intel Quartus II design software. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing and image aggregation, communications protocol bridging, automotive infotainment pre-processing, and portable test & measurement equipment. The Cyclone III family is also commonly deployed in display controllers, software-defined radio front-ends, and as a companion processor to ASICs/SoCs for glue logic and parallel DSP tasks. When designing with this part, ensure the Quartus II device fitting is reviewed for the selected speed grade, and verify that I/O bank voltage references match the connected peripherals. The N suffix on the part number indicates lead-free / Pb-free termination, and the AD suffix typically denotes a specific Altera internal ordering code variant. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, package diagrams, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet, helping engineers shorten their selection and sourcing cycle.
EP3C120F780C8N - Cyclone III FPGA, 119K Logic | Intel
Intel EP3C120F780C8N is a Cyclone III field-programmable gate array (FPGA) with 119,088 logic elements, 531 user I/O pins, 3,981,312 embedded-memory bits, and a 780-ball flip-chip ball grid array package. Verified distributor listings identify a 1.2 V core supply and a maximum internal frequency of 402 MHz to 472 MHz, depending on the cited source. The device belongs to the low-cost Cyclone III family and is intended for configurable digital logic, embedded processing, control, and high-density interface designs. An FPGA is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic blocks, programmable interconnects, memory resources, and I/O cells. Engineers configure these resources after PCB assembly to implement combinational logic, sequential state machines, communications interfaces, processors, and application-specific accelerators. In the hierarchy of programmable devices, an FPGA sits below application-specific integrated circuits in flexibility but above fixed-function controllers in implementation speed and density. Cyclone III extends this model with a power-conscious architecture for cost-sensitive applications. The headline density of 119,088 logic elements supports larger state machines, parallel datapaths, and multiple interface functions in one programmable device. A total of 3,981,312 embedded-memory bits provides distributed or block-oriented storage for FIFOs, buffers, lookup tables, and packet processing. The device also exposes 531 user I/O pins, enabling broad connectivity in systems that aggregate memory buses, communications links, sensors, or control peripherals. Its 780-ball FBGA package uses a 1 mm pitch and occupies approximately 23 mm by 23 mm with a 2.60 mm height. The Cyclone III architecture combines programmable logic fabric with embedded memory and configurable I/O structures. Configuration data defines both logic behavior and routing, allowing the same physical component to serve different functions through a new bitstream. The 1.2 V operating point is central to power estimation, regulator selection, signal integrity, and thermal design. A design should not use either published frequency value as an unconditional system-clock guarantee; timing closure depends on the implemented logic, constraints, I/O standards, placement, routing, and selected speed grade. Typical systems include industrial control and automation equipment, communications infrastructure, video and image processing, test and measurement hardware, and embedded controllers. The logic density is useful when a design must integrate many parallel functions without an ASIC development cycle. Broad I/O availability also suits boards that bridge processor buses, external memory, converters, and high-speed peripheral interfaces. Before layout, verify the exact ball map, supported I/O standards, configuration scheme, power requirements, and timing limits in the manufacturer documentation. Decoupling, continuous core-power planes, clock distribution, signal-return paths, and configuration-interface integrity directly affect operation. The published frequency figures describe device capability but do not replace static timing analysis. This data consolidates verified distributor specifications, package information, inventory and ordering evidence, practical architecture context, and a drop-in comparison. Because the supplied cross-reference search returned no verified pin-compatible substitutes, no alternative is asserted as a drop-in replacement without package, pinout, density, voltage, and timing evidence.
EP3C120F780C8NAE - Cyclone III FPGA, 119K LE, 780-BGA | Altera
The Altera (Intel) EP3C120F780C8NAE is a Cyclone III family Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) featuring 119,088 logic elements, 3,981,312 bits of embedded memory, and 531 18x18 hardware multipliers, housed in a 780-ball FineLine BGA package. The part operates with a core speed grade of 8 (commercial) and is rated for industrial temperature use, delivering a balance of high functionality, low static power, and low unit cost that made Cyclone III a workhorse for high-volume programmable logic designs. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor integrated circuit whose digital logic fabric, interconnect, and I/O behavior are defined by a user-supplied configuration bitstream rather than at the foundry. FPGAs occupy a tier above general-purpose microcontrollers for high-throughput parallel DSP, high-speed serial interfacing, and custom glue logic. Within Altera's (now Intel PSG) portfolio, the Cyclone III family sits between the low-cost Cyclone II and the higher-end Cyclone IV/Arria/Cyclone V families, combining a 65 nm TSMC process, M9K memory blocks, and embedded 18x18 multipliers for DSP. Key features of the EP3C120F780C8NAE include four phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management, up to 531 user I/O pins, support for external memory interfaces such as DDR, DDR2, and QDR II SRAM, dedicated LVDS channels, and a configuration scheme supporting JTAG, Active Serial (AS), Active Parallel (AP), and Passive Serial (PS) modes. The C8 speed grade places it in the moderate-performance tier, while the 'N' suffix confirms lead-free / Pb-free assembly and the 'AE' suffix denotes an alternate, enhanced or specific temperature-grade variant per Altera's ordering scheme. Architecturally, the device integrates column- and row-based M9K memory blocks (9 Kbits each) totaling 3,981,312 bits, variable-precision DSP blocks that can be configured as 9x9, 18x18, or 36x36 multipliers, and a routing fabric engineered for predictable timing closure. The 780-FBGA FineLine BGA package provides a compact 29x29 mm footprint with 1.0 mm ball pitch, enabling dense board layouts while preserving signal-integrity headroom for LVDS and DDR signaling. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing pipelines, software-defined radio, telecom line cards, test and measurement instrumentation, and embedded display controllers. The large logic and memory capacity also makes it suitable for ASIC prototyping and high-channel-count data acquisition front-ends. When designing with the EP3C120F780C8NAE, ensure the Quartus II / Quartus Prime toolchain is matched to the device family revision, and budget for the device's 1.0 V core supply plus separate PLL and I/O bank voltages; the FBGA's 0.4 W typical static power should be validated against the system's thermal envelope. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in alternatives, and design considerations not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone, helping engineers verify availability, choose compatible substitutes, and accelerate board bring-up.
EP3C120F780I7 - 119K LE Cyclone III FPGA 780-FBGA | Altera/Intel
The Altera/Intel EP3C120F780I7 is a high-density member of the Cyclone® III family of low-cost FPGAs, offering 119,088 logic elements, 531 user I/O pins, and 3,981,312 bits of embedded memory in a 780-ball FineLine BGA package. The "I7" speed grade and "F780" package suffix identify an industrial temperature-range device (-40C to +100C junction) in the 29x29 mm FBGA with 1.0 mm ball pitch. According to the Altera Cyclone III Device Handbook, the EP3C120 is fabricated on a 65 nm low-power CMOS process and is supported by the Quartus II design software. A Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a semiconductor device built around an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs) connected by a programmable interconnect matrix, surrounded by programmable I/O cells. FPGAs sit at the top of the programmable logic hierarchy (CPLD -> FPGA -> SoC FPGA) and are used to implement arbitrary digital circuits, from glue logic and bus bridges to high-throughput parallel DSP pipelines and soft-core microprocessors. Unlike a fixed ASIC, the function is defined by a user-supplied bitstream stored in external configuration memory. Key features of the EP3C120F780I7 include up to 531 user I/O pins, 4 PLLs for clock management, dedicated 18x18 hardware multipliers for DSP, and support for external memory interfaces including DDR/DDR2/QDRII SRAM. The device family provides up to 288 embedded 9x9 multipliers and 4 Mbits of on-chip RAM, making it suitable for cost-sensitive mid-density designs. Configuration is supported via passive serial, fast passive parallel, active serial (EPCS), and JTAG modes. Architecturally, the Cyclone III EP3C120 uses a logic-array-based fabric with row and column interconnect, 8-input adaptive logic modules (ALMs), and per-MLAB distributed memory. Process technology is TSMC 65 nm low-power CMOS with 1.2 V core supply, giving a favorable performance-per-watt ratio compared to earlier Cyclone II and Stratix generations. The 780-FBGA package uses a wire-bond die with a controlled-impedance substrate, supporting LVDS, LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards across 8 I/O banks. Typical applications include industrial motor control and machine vision, video processing and display controllers, telecom line cards and baseband prototyping, low-cost software-defined radio, and PCI/PCI Express endpoint bridges. The wide operating temperature range also makes it attractive for military and aerospace subsystems where extended-temperature commercial-grade FPGAs are acceptable. When designing with the EP3C120F780I7, plan configuration memory carefully: the uncompressed bitstream exceeds 25 Mbits, so a 64-Mbit EPCS or parallel flash is typically required. Use the Quartus II PowerPlay analyzer early to model thermal dissipation, and follow the Altera pin connection guidelines for unused I/O banks to avoid leakage. Decoupling should follow the Altera reference design with 100 nF plus 10 µF bulk capacitors per power pin pair. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-family alternatives from the Cyclone III family, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet alone.
EP3C120F780I7N - Cyclone III FPGA, 119K LEs, 780-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C120F780I7N is a high-density, low-power Cyclone® III Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) delivering 119,088 logic elements, 3,981,312 bits of embedded memory, and 531 maximum user I/O in a 780-ball FineLine BGA package. Built on TSMC's 65 nm low-power process, the EP3C120F780I7N supports up to 472 MHz internal operation with a 1.2 V core supply. A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is a class of programmable logic device (PLD) that combines configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnect, and embedded memory/DSP blocks into a single semiconductor die. FPGAs sit hierarchically between ASICs (custom-designed but expensive and non-reprogrammable) and general-purpose microcontrollers (fixed-architecture, software-driven). Within the Intel FPGA portfolio, the Cyclone III family targets cost-sensitive, power-conscious high-volume applications such as industrial control, video processing, and communications infrastructure, while Stratix parts target high-performance signal processing. Key features include up to 288 embedded 18×18 multipliers for DSP, dedicated external memory interfaces supporting DDR/DDR2/QDRII SRAM, 4 PLLs per device for clock management, and a wide range of LVDS, LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards. The 'I' speed grade and industrial temperature range (-40 °C to +100 °C) make the EP3C120F780I7N well suited for thermally and electrically harsh environments. Architecturally, the Cyclone III fabric uses 4-input look-up tables (LUTs), M9K embedded memory blocks, and a perimeter I/O ring with up to 8 I/O banks. Configuration is supported via passive serial (AS), active serial (AP), JTAG, and Fast Passive Parallel modes. Designers can use the Quartus II / Quartus Prime design suite for synthesis, place-and-route, and timing closure. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video surveillance image processing, software-defined radio (SDR), prototyping ASIC replacement, and high-speed serial protocol bridging. The 531 user I/O and ~4 Mbit on-chip memory enable large state machines, multi-channel buffering, and parallel DSP pipelines. When designing with this device, ensure the 780-FBGA PCB layout uses 1.0 mm ball pitch with microvia or via-in-pad technology for reliable assembly. The 65 nm process requires careful decoupling (multiple 0.1 µF + bulk 47 µF per rail) to suppress simultaneous switching noise on the I/O banks. Thermal management must consider the ~6 W typical device dissipation at high toggle rates. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in Cyclone III family alternatives, and PCB layout guidance not aggregated in a single manufacturer document.
EP3C16E144C8N - 16K LE Cyclone III FPGA, 144-LQFP | Intel / Altera
The Intel / Altera (formerly Altera Corporation) EP3C16E144C8N is a Cyclone III family Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) with 15,408 logic elements, 516,096 bits of embedded memory, and 84 user I/O pins, fabricated on a 65 nm low-power process and housed in a 144-pin LQFP package with exposed thermal pad. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor device whose digital logic, interconnect, and I/O behavior are defined by a user-loaded configuration bitstream rather than fixed at the fab. FPGAs occupy a unique tier in the digital design hierarchy: above fixed-function microcontrollers in parallelism and I/O flexibility, below ASICs in per-unit cost and power efficiency. Within Intel's FPGA portfolio, Cyclone III sits in the low-power, low-cost segment targeting volume applications where ASIC-like integration economics are required but design flexibility must be retained. Key features include 15,408 logic elements (LEs), 516,096 bits (63 Kbytes) of embedded RAM, 56 embedded 18x18 multipliers for DSP functions, four phase-locked loops (PLLs) for clock management, and 84 general-purpose I/Os supporting LVDS, LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, and HSTL I/O standards. The device supports commercial temperature grade operation (0C to +85C junction range per the C8 speed-grade ordering code) and operates from a 1.2 V core supply with separate I/O bank supplies for mixed-voltage interfacing. Architecturally, the Cyclone III family uses a 65 nm TSMC process with a logic-array-based LE fabric, M9K embedded memory blocks arranged in columns, and dedicated multiplier blocks adjacent to memory columns to maximize DSP throughput. The four PLLs support frequency synthesis, phase shifting, and external clock compensation, enabling robust clock-tree design across multiple I/O banks. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing pipelines, low-density glue logic replacement, LED display controllers, and embedded control systems. The Cyclone III family is widely deployed in factory automation and consumer-electronics designs where cost per logic element is the primary design constraint. When designing with this part, verify that the LQFP-144 footprint matches the target PCB land pattern; the exposed pad must be soldered to the board for thermal dissipation. Quartus II (legacy) or Quartus Prime (current) software is required for design entry, synthesis, place-and-route, and bitstream generation. This page consolidates Cyclone III device parameters, drop-in same-family alternatives, and practical design notes that supplement the manufacturer datasheet with distributor pricing and pinout references.
EP3C16E144I7N - Cyclone III FPGA, 16K LEs, 144-LQFP | Intel/Altera
The Intel / Altera EP3C16E144I7N is a Cyclone III Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) delivering 15,408 logic elements, 516,096 bits of embedded memory, and 84 maximum user I/O pins in a 144-pin LQFP Exposed Pad package. Built on a low-power 65 nm process, this industrial-temperature-grade device targets cost-sensitive, high-volume applications that require programmable logic without the overhead of high-end Stratix devices. An FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) is a semiconductor IC containing an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable routing channels, and dedicated hard IP blocks such as memory, PLLs, and transceivers. Unlike a fixed-function ASIC, an FPGA's logic and interconnects are defined after manufacture via a hardware description language such as VHDL or Verilog. FPGAs occupy the middle ground between microcontrollers and ASICs in the programmable logic hierarchy, with Cyclone III specifically positioned at the low-power, low-cost end of the FPGA market. Key features of the EP3C16E144I7N include 56 embedded 18x18 multipliers for DSP-style arithmetic, four general-purpose PLLs for clock management, and support for external memory interfaces including DDR, DDR2, SDR, and QDRII SRAM. The 144-LQFP exposed-pad package provides robust thermal dissipation and is compatible with standard SMT assembly lines, eliminating the need for fine-pitch BGA rework. Cyclone III FPGAs use a 1.2 V core supply with separate VCCIO banks that can be set to 1.2 V, 1.5 V, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.0 V, or 3.3 V for mixed-voltage interfacing. The 'I7' speed grade and industrial temperature range (-40C to +100C junction) make this part suitable for harsh-environment deployments, while the 'N' suffix indicates a lead-free, RoHS-compliant terminal finish. Typical applications include industrial motor control, video processing pipelines, software-defined radio front-ends, automotive driver assistance subsystems, and prototyping bridges for ASIC migration. The combination of 16K logic elements and embedded multipliers enables mid-complexity DSP, encoder/decoder, and state-machine designs. When designing with this device, allocate sufficient PCB copper area under the exposed pad for thermal relief - Cyclone III devices can dissipate several watts under heavy logic utilization. Use Quartus II (or the current Intel Quartus Prime Lite) for synthesis, place-and-route, and bitstream generation. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in Cyclone III variants, and practical design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.
EP3C16F256I7N - Cyclone III FPGA, 15K LEs, 256-FBGA | Intel
The Intel (formerly Altera) EP3C16F256I7N is a member of the Cyclone III family of low-power, high-volume field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), offering 15408 logic elements (15K LEs) in a 256-ball FineLine BGA (FBGA) package. The device integrates 516096 bits of embedded memory and supports up to 168 user I/O pins, with 56 embedded 18x18 multipliers enabling DSP-style signal processing on-chip. An FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) is a type of programmable logic device (PLD) that contains an array of configurable logic blocks (CLBs), programmable interconnect, and I/O cells, all of which can be reconfigured by the end user after manufacture. Within the broader semiconductor hierarchy, FPGAs sit alongside microcontrollers, DSPs, and ASICs as a programmable logic category, with the Cyclone III family targeting low-power, cost-optimized applications in the sub-100 mW static power envelope. This part is a low-cost variant of the broader programmable logic taxonomy that includes SRAM-based, flash-based, and antifuse-based devices. Key features of the EP3C16F256I7N include support for multiple I/O standards (LVTTL, LVCMOS, SSTL, HSTL, LVDS, RSDS, mini-LVDS, LVPECL, PCI, PCI-X), up to four general-purpose PLLs per device with fractional synthesis and spread-spectrum capability, and Cyclone III architecture with a logic capacity that maps efficiently to consumer, industrial, and communications designs. The device is fabricated on a TSMC low-leakage 60 nm process that reduces static power consumption by up to 50% compared to the prior generation. The architecture combines a fabric of 15408 logic elements arranged in columns and rows, 504 Kbit of M9K embedded memory blocks (totaling 516 Kbit), 56 18x18 hardware multipliers, and four PLLs. Each logic element contains a 4-input look-up table (LUT), a programmable register, and carry-chain logic for efficient arithmetic and address generation. This combination makes the Cyclone III family a balanced general-purpose FPGA for control-plane and moderate-throughput data-plane tasks. Typical applications include industrial motor control and factory automation, automotive driver assistance and infotainment, consumer video processing, software-defined radio, video surveillance, and telecom infrastructure. The Cyclone III series was widely adopted in designs where the design team wanted the flexibility of FPGA fabric but the unit cost of an ASIC, particularly for low-to-mid volume production. When designing with this part, engineers should reference the Cyclone III Device Handbook for I/O standard and pin assignment details, use the Quartus II design software (Web Edition is free) for synthesis and place-and-route, and provide a configuration memory such as an EPCS or EPCQ flash device on the board for non-volatile configuration. The "I7N" suffix denotes the industrial temperature grade (-40C to +100C junction) and lead-free / Pb-free terminal finish. This page synthesizes distributor pricing, drop-in same-package alternatives from the Cyclone III family, and practical FPGA design notes not found in the manufacturer datasheet.